Andrei Bogolyubsky: tarihin tarihi. Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky: shekaru na gwamnati, taƙaitacciyar bayani

Idan muka magana game da tarihin kasarmu, sa'an nan shi rasa shahararren Figures. A wasu mutane da aka sani ga kusan kowa da kowa, amma ga wani ba mu san kusan kome. Abin da unites su ne cewa rayukansu da wani girma tasiri a kan ci gaban Rasha. Daya daga wadannan Figures ne Andrew Bogolyubskii. Historical hoto da shi ya ce ya kasance wani fitaccen mai hali.

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An yi imani da cewa nan gaba prince aka haife tsakanin 1120 da 1125 shekara. Shi ne na biyu (ko uku, ba daidai sani) dan Prince Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Uwarsa - 'yar sanannun a lokacin da Polovtsian Khan Aepy Osenevicha, saboda jam'iyya da wanda aure aka shirya.

Me ya sa yake da muhimmanci don haka ga tarihin kasar mu ta gaba Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii? Historical hoto ce yana da wata, manyan jam'iyyun siyasa da kuma ruhaniya adadi a 1160-1170 shekaru, tun da ya ba kawai da gudummawar da halittar wani iko Vladimir-Suzdal sarauta (a kan tsohon site na Rostov kadarori kakansa, Vladimir Monomakh), amma kuma ya juya a birnin Vladimir-on -Klyazme a cibiyar na siyasa da rayuwar ruhaniya na Rasha. Saboda haka, ya guga man a kan wannan "post" Kiev.

The ayyuka na yarima wa Accession zuwa kursiyin Vladimir

Gaskiyar abin da ya yi, da yadda ya rayu Andrew Bogolyubskii (short biography aka bai wa a wannan labarin) har sai 1146, ba mu san babu abin. Amma akwai kuma abin dogara rahotannin cewa bayan 1130 ya auri 'yar wani bafada tari. A karshen bar ya alama a tarihi domin zama ma'abũcin manyan ƙasar Holdings tare da bankunan na Moscow River.

Mahaifinsa, Yuri Dolgoruky, ko da yaushe ya so ya yi mulki a gadon sarautar Kiev. Kuma wani m pretext zarar gabatar. A 1146 Kiev da aka gayyace sarauta Izyaslav Mstislavovitch cewa zo Dolgoruky dan. Yana fara wani m, kuma m yaƙi, wanda ya samu halartar ba kawai duk siyasa a Rasha, amma ko da Dogayen sanda da kuma Cumans, ba ya kuskure a samu damar da tsabar kudi a kan gaba hargitsi.

Yuri sau biyu gudanar ya dauki birnin, amma sau biyu yana da damar da za a fitar daga can. Kawai a cikin 1155, lokacin da Izyaslav mutu (yiwu a 1154), ya gudanar a karshe iko da Kiev. Ya yi farin ciki ba šauki ma dogon: cikin ayyukan da sarkin da kansa ya shige, a 1157. Andrei cikin wannan shekaru takwas gwagwarmaya ya akai-akai tabbatar da irinta ƙarfin hali. Ya soja talanti da hikimar tantance hankali fiye da sau daya da ya sanya mai kyau sabis don mahaifinsa.

Farko da bayyanar a kan siyasa scene

Domin da farko lokacin da matasa Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii (short biography ne cike da irin waɗannan lokacin) a fili bayyana kanta a waccan mujalla da muka 1146, lokacin da da Rostislav, ɗan'uwansa, Prince Rostislav darkãke (Izyaslav ally) da kansa babban birnin kasar. Lokacin da Dolgoruky sake kama Kiev, Andrew sami wani kyauta daga shi Vyshgorod (kusa da Kiev).

Bugu da kari, ya raka mahaifinsa a cikin yakin da Volyn gari, shine yawa Izyaslav. A Lutsk, wanda yake zaune Vladimir (wa Izyaslav), ya aka yi kusa su kashe riga a 1149. Prince aka haka dauke da zalunci na makiya, wanda galloped nesa da maza. Ya doki da aka ji rauni, daga ganuwar birnin jefa duwatsu a gare shi, da kuma wasu hefty druzhinnik Vladimir riga tattalin mashi soke Andrei.

A ranar tunãtarwa shahidi Theodore, kuma ya yi addu'a da cewa yarima yakar dakarun makiya, shi ne na karshe kokarin gudanar ya karya ta hanyar makiya shãmaki. Shĩ ne da karshe ceto, a na bukatan ya gyara doki. Ya ana mortally rauni, har yanzu gudanar kawo ubangijinsa wa retainers. A lokacin da Andrey ya ba da aboki a babban jana'izar. Ya doki kuwa huta a kan kogin Styr. Sahaban lura da cewa sarkin ya musamman suna fadin da kuma sauki mutum: ya taba nemi yardar mahaifinsa, fifita su aikata dukan abin da girmamawa, da mai addini. Duk da haka, Dolgoruky wadannan halaye dole gani, domin shi ne ainihin m da ɗansa.

wanzar da zaman lafiya Andrew

Bayan da kewaye na Lutsk Izyaslav fara Sue ga zaman lafiya. Kawai saboda Dolgoruky saurari ra'ayi na ɗansa, amma ya aka musamman ƙi bukatarsa jayayya, da yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu.

Kamar shekara guda Izyaslav sake iya shiga a Kiev saboda gaskiyar cewa townspeople aka located a gare shi. Korar Dolgoruky, Prince ba ya so ya dakatar a can da kuma yanke shawarar in je gida, da 'ya'yansa maza. Ya yanke shawarar fara da Rostislav, wanda a wancan lokacin ya ci sarauta a Pereyaslavl. Amma ina zo da taimakon da Andarawas ɗan'uwansa. Tare da suke gudanar da tinuous birni. Dolgoruky ma zauna a ƙasa, kuma, tare da taimakon Prince Volodimirka, sake-kama Kiev. Andrew aka sanya wa tsaro a Peresopitse wanda zai iya yadda ya kamata kare iyakar daga Volyn.

Izyaslav aika masa da manzanni da umarnin a tambaye Uba ga kyauta daga dan dan'uwansa alƙaryu "na Gorin." Amma wannan lokaci, Andrew bai iya yi laushi mahaifinsa, wanda da jin tsoro fushi da Izyaslav. Sa'an nan, ya yi kira ga taimako kabilan Ugric al'umma, ta hanyar da shi, kuma da aiki taimako na mutane na Kiev, sake ya iya dauka da tsawon jimrewa birni. Yuri da aka tilasta koma baya a Gorodets-Oster, inda Andrew zo in an jima.

kashi Dolgoruky

A 1151, Yuri tafi yaki sake, a cikin abin da Andrew ya nuna babu kasa ƙarfin hali fiye da a kewaye na Lutsk. Duk da haka, shi ne duk a banza, Dolgoruky sojojin suka ci. Ya aka katange a Pereyaslavl Izyaslav, sabili da haka aka tilasta rantse wa dan dan'uwansa cewa waives ta da'awar da Kiev, alamar wani watan je Suzdal. Andrew, a cikin kaunar salama hadisin, a da zarar ya tafi zuwa ga fi so Suzdal, warmly na kira da'a hadakai da mahaifinsa ya bar wawayen da m yaki, da kuma bin misali. M shaidun kotu har yanzu sanya wani ƙoƙari na samun da qafafunku a Kiev duniya, sai ya zauna a cikin gari, amma Izyaslav sake m da kuma barazana a gidan yari, gudanar don samun kawunsa ya bar.

Zama Suzdal kursiyin

A 1152, Andrew na da hannu a mahaifinsa yaƙin neman zaɓe a birnin Chernihiv. Wannan taron shi ne na musamman a cikin wannan Dolgoruky gudanar ya sa a karkashin ta banner ba kawai mai yawa Rasha shugabanninmu, amma kuma kawance Polovtsian. Amma birnin karfafa tawagar ba zai iya dauka a matsayin Izyaslav Mstislavich zo zuwa ga ceto na kewaye. A lokacin da a 1155, Yuri shi ne har yanzu iya tãka zuwa kursiyin Kiev karshe, sai ya zauna a kan mulkin Andrew a Vyshgorod. Amma matasa yarima ba kamar waɗanda wurare, amma saboda ya ne gaji da m jayayya, ba tare da nufin Mahaifinsa ya tafi zuwa Suzdal. A cikin ƙasashe na kwamitin Andreya Bogolyubskogo kai ga zargin wani sabon da iko sosai sarauta.

Andrew dauki ga mãsu taƙawa Vyshgorodskiy limaman, kazalika da takobi na Saint Boris da Marian image, wanda a yau ne da aka sani a ko'ina cikin Orthodox duniya a matsayin Vladimir Icon na Uwar Allah. Wannan ya sõyar da kansa ga gida nobility, cewa nufin mahaifinsa, laifi a dansa saboda gazawar dauki kursiyin kuma gãdar Vyshgorodskiy Suzdal ƙaramin 'yan'uwansa, Andarawas ne, ba a aiwatar: da boyars aika mãsu mayar da gida, kuma gadon sarautar da aka miƙa Bogoliubsky baki daya. Bayan da ya fara gyara, sakamakon shi a canja wuri na babban birnin kasar na Suzdal zuwa Vladimir.

Greater sarautar (1157-1174)

Tunawa da na jini da kuma hallakaswa wars na jihar, wanda arko uba farko Andrew Bogolyubskii (sarautar - tare da 1157 for 1174) dukan sojojin aika zuwa ga halittar wani karfi da United Kingdom. Around 1161 ya kula da wani karo da wani yawan junior Yurevich, kowanne daga abin da ya so ya yi sarauta shi kaɗai.

A sakamakon haka, ya kawas duk da ƙaramin 'yan'uwansa, da matarsa Dolgoruky da wani galaxy na sauran dangi a Rum, inda suka sami mafaka da kuma kariya daga Sarkin sarakuna Manuila na Komnina. Bugu da kari, Prince koro kusan duk boyars mahaifinsa, wanda a fili na nuna m sikelin da sauye-sauye a Kanmu da su.

Hulda da Ikilisiya

A wannan lokaci, wani mai tsanani rikici da bishop na Rostov Leon (m) th, inda yarima tsakanin 1159-1164 shekaru sau biyu fitar daga birnin. Dalilin wannan rashin jituwa mabiyin yarima a mafi tsoron Allah, da coci, da bishop ya sha'awar shiga cikin Byzantine yi. A cikin gida Politika Andreya Bogolyubskogo ba ya wani marmarin yin asasshe.

Muna magana ne game da yarjejeniyoyin da al'adar Rasha matsayi a ranar Laraba da Jumma'a, idan cewa ranar da dama a coci, ko kuma wani babban biki. Bishop da irin wannan " 'yancin walwala" nacewa nuna rashin amincewa. Fage da shawarwari ne daidai da Church, ba lallai ba ne su gani a shi da wani yunkurin da ya} alubalanci dokar da sarkin Rum: irin rikice-rikice a lokacin da aka yada a duk faɗin Rasha, sun kasance da hannu ba kawai Andrew Bogolyubskii. A takaice zana, za mu iya ɗauka cewa wahalar da ya sha wannan rikitarwa da kuma ba da wuya coci-siyasa halin da ake ciki a Rasha a lokacin.

Gaskiyar cewa Andrew mai tsanani m, su raba tsakanin Lardi na Kiev daga Rostov. The prince ya so ya sanya a kan ya fi so Rostov archdiocese, Bishop Feodortsa da yake a rashin daidaito da manufofin da ba kawai Kiev, amma Rostov shugabannin coci. Hakika, Andrew aka rebuffed Konstantinoful sarki Luka Hrisoverga. Duk da haka, saboda himma da kuma m hallara Church Harkokin Prince aka yi izni a gare da canja wurin da mazaunin bishop a Vladimir.

Amma wannan da aka yi ne kawai a 1169. Saboda wasu kaifi sabani da Feodortsem, Andrew Bogolyubskii aika cewa a Kiev, inda tsohon bishop gilla kashe.

gina gidajen lama

Andrew Bogolyubskii (tarihi hoto wanda muka bayyana) ne har yanzu waliyai a cikin Church, ba kawai don ya gyara kokarin a cikin ruhaniya, amma kuma ga aiki hannu a cikin shiri na dama majami'u da kuma gidajen lama. Duk wadannan gine-gine da abubuwa na musamman a cikin abin da suka kai da kuskure bugu na yammacin Turai coci gini. Don babban har wannan ne saboda gaskiya cewa Bagalike m waɗansu su farfasa duwatsu, da magina aka hannu a su yi. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kawai ban sha'awa ga gine-ginen, yayin da yana da muhimmanci mabanbanta.

Ƙawa da gaske allahntaka kyau na Ibada liyi sa'an nan a fili ya nuna da magabaci na Orthodoxy kan arna asiri. Andrew Bogolyubskii gina ba kawai coci - ya gina wani karfi kafuwar Orthodoxy a ƙasarsu ta kansu.

Bugu da kari, duk da gudummawar da ilimi na Rostov-Suzdal. Mutane da yawa jakadun} asashen waje a matsayin wani zamani ya rubuta, "amma ganin istinnoe hristyanstvo da kuma yin baftisma." Kawai sa, Andrew ya kuma talented mishan wanda gudummawar wani m motsa mutane zuwa Orthodoxy. The coci da aka lura. Saboda haka, hoto Andreya Bogolyubskogo aka kama a kan sa na gumaka na lokacin.

Amma sarkin ya ba da himma confessor, wanda ya rayu a cikin kadaici daga terrestrial al'amura. Da farko, mun riga ya nuna muhimmancin da ginin haikali a ilimi. Na biyu, da gazawar na coci zuwa baya undeveloped asashe, Andrew gudummawar su aiki da hannu a tattalin arziki da ayyukan. Gaskiyar cewa Templars daidai tattara haraji, da kuma samun shi daga gare su ne sosai fiye da wadanda mutane shugabanni. A karshe, da gaske m kawo canji masana tarihi.

Wannan Andrew Bogolyubskii, a lokacin wanda sarautar da aka alama ta da yawa muhimmanci events, amince a Rostov sarauta da umarnin tarihin, wanda ya dauki wani aiki sashi sufaye na ɗauka Cathedral. Akwai kuma arguable zato cewa ya halarci halittar Yarjejeniya na St. Vladimir, wanda wannan rana shi ne tushen da yawa coci takardun.

Ƙarfafa da sarauta daga Vladimir

Kada ka yi zaton cewa Andrew Bogolyubskii shi gaba daya bã tãre da ikon burinsu. Saboda haka, mayar da hankali da yawa daga cikin sake fasalin ya nan gaba na Yunƙurin na Vladimir sarauta. All ya ginu ne a cikin bukatar biyaya da iko na Novgorod da Kiev. Lokacin da sarkin, shi ma talented siyasa, ya gudanar da su warware batutuwan da Ryazan shugabanninmu, amma su sun tabbatar da aminci masõya, musharaka a duk soja kamfen na sarauta na Vladimir. Flushed tare da nasara, Andrew Bogolyubskii fara hakkin ya tsoma baki a cikin harkokin na mai zaman kanta Novgorod, m ya nobility sarautarsa kawai ya gamshe shi da sarakuna.

A lokacin da a 1160 kursiyin Novgorod kauyuka Svyatoslav Rostislavich, wanda ya kaina maƙiya Vladmirskomu Prince, Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii 'yan ƙasa aika wani unequivocal sakon: "Ku kasance sani: ina so in duba da kyau da kuma kõfatansu a kan duwatsu Novgorod." Novgorod suka cika da m kalmomi, da zarar fitar Svyatoslav kuma ya zauna a kan mulkin Mstislav wanda zo Andreyu Bogolyubskomu dan. Amma a 1161 mahaifinsa Svyatoslav sulhu tare da Andrew, kuma tare suka sa a sake sarauta a Novgorod da kõre yarima. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa jirgin Andreya Bogolyubskogo jagoranci zuwa ga adawa da kudancin sarakuna gaskiya usmotrevshimi shi a kai tsaye gasa zuwa ga 'yancin kai.

Fadada na duniyoyin na tasiri

By karshen 1160 yarima moriyar tafi da nisa fiye da ƙasarsa. Idan akwai wani musamman yarjejeniya, wadda delimit da duniyoyin da tasiri tsakanin daban-daban shugabanninmu, sun bayyana ne kwatsam bayan mutuwarsa, cewa preponderance mulki a cikin rayuwar siyasa na nuna magabaci daga cikin Vladimir sarauta a zamanin mulkin Rostislav Mstislavovitch Smolensk (dan uwan Andrew). By wannan jagoranci m Politika Andreya Bogolyubskogo.

Maris a Kiev

Lokacin da gari aka ci nasarar Volyn Prince Mstislav II na Kiev, wanda ya masõya Bagalike sarakuna, da Dogayen sanda Bogolyubskii nan da nan ya tafi kafa zango "goma sha sarakuna." Daga cikin su ba kawai aminci Ryazantsev, amma ko da magada na Rostislava Ryurik David Roman Rostislavich Smolensk, Chernigov da shugabanni Oleg Igor Svyatoslavichi, kuma Vladimir A. Prince Dorogobuzh. A zamani parlance, Andrew halitta mai iko m hadaka.

A karfi da kuma gogaggen sojojin da rani ya dauki Kiev (Andrew Bogolyubskii da birnin mai yawa sirri asusun) a 1169, da kuma "ƙanƙara Stolny" da aka sace tsabtace. Duk da haka, babu daya tausaya tare da mutane na Kiev, kamar yadda jim kadan kafin su sake, wani sabon coci adawa. Gaskiyar cewa Lardi Constantine II dakatar da sabis na Kiev-Pechora mazaunin na Polycarp, wanda goyon Andrew ta tunawa "matsara" da shawarwari. Bayan mamaye na Kiev a kan karagarsa aka sa kane Andrew Gleb Yurievich. A lokacin, shi a fili ya nuna gaskiyar cewa Kiev ya zama ƙarƙashin birnin. Saboda haka, manufar Bogolyubsky haifa 'ya'yan.

Novgorod yaƙin neman zaɓe

A cikin hunturu 1169-1170, an nan wani yakin da Novgorod. Yana da alaka da rarrabawa da bukatun na biyu ikoki a Dvina, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance m mulkin mallaka da fadada. A yakin Suzdal-Vladimir sojojin da aka ci. Akwai wani labari da cewa Novgorod gudanar ya kare ne kawai ta hanyar banmamaki, cẽto daga cikin Albarka Virgin Mary da icon "Sign". A girmama wannan taron icon aka fentin "The Battle of Novgorod da Suzdal."

Duk da haka, Novgorod ba ma m. Shekara guda daga baya, a cikin hunturu 1171-1172 shekara, su aka tilasta gane ikon Prince Vladimir. Yana da alaka da cewa dakarun aka kawai katange da wadata da na hatsi daga kudu. A 1172 a Novgorod kursiyin aka sa Yuri, ɗan Andrew. Ba da da ewa ya gane ikon da Rostislavichi, kammala tare da Bogolyubsky soja alliance. Saboda haka, a lokacin da waje Politika Andreya Bogolyubskogo ya zama sosai kama da hali na ubansa, Yuriya Dolgorukogo.

A rikicin na Board

By cewa lokaci, karkarar da Vladimir-Suzdal sarauta ya kumbura da yawa daga gabas a kudi na ƙasashen na Volga Bulgaria (bayan kwanciya na Gorodets-Radilov). Bugu da kari, da fadada da aka saboda da Accession na arewacin yankunan. Saboda haka, ya yiwu su kama Zavolochye (Dvina).

Amma a cikin 1170 ta fara girma daga ãyõyin rikicin a waje da kuma cikin gida da manufofin. Ganin akai soja kamfen da kuma soja tursasawa nuna cewa wasu muhawara na sarkin Vladimir ya ba da sauki, da kuma aiki Andreya Bogolyubskogo a lokacin da aka mayar da hankali kawai a kan riƙe iko. Shirya a 1172 yaƙi gāba da Volga Bulgars shi ba mayalwaci da goyan bayan da ke kawance sojojin na Murom da Ryazan sarakuna.

zaman jama'a da manufofin

Malaman tarihi sun rubuta cewa ya haddasa wannan jihar na aiki da kanta Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Dindindin soja da kuma kasafin kudi matsin da ya ga cewa yarima ta dangantaka da nobility zama damu. Kuma shi shafi ba kawai boyars na Rostov, amma amintacce mutane daga cikin sarkin Vladimir, wanda ya tashe shi daga serviceman aji. Ba da da ewa rududdugaggu dangantakar da Rostislavovich. Andrew ya yi wani denunciation furtawa cewa ɗan'uwansa, Gleb guba, da kuma kira sunayen wasu daga cikin Kiev boyars, wanda aka hannu a wannan. Prince Rostislav ake bukata don en kayyade a cikin denunciation mutane.

Amma da suka gano cewa, da la'anta yana da wani isasshen filaye da haka rashin biyayya ga oda. Fushi, Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii umarce su da su janye daga biranen da suke mulki ta hanyar nufinsa. Prince Roman biyayya, amma sauran shugabanni yi tuntuɓe sabili. Sun aika sako ga Andrew, wanda ya nuna kai tsaye zuwa ga mai kyau hali ga shi, amma ya yi gargadin cewa za su yi tafiya zuwa ga Prince Vladimir da yaki, idan ya ci gaba da tilasta su su yi biyayya.

Akwai ba amsa. Sa'an nan Rostislavichi kama Kiev, fitar daga can Bogolyubsky ɗan'uwansa, Vsevolod, kuma ya zauna a kan mulkin da ɗan'uwansa Rurik. Wani wa, Andrew, Michael, wanda aka kewaye a Torchesk, tare da sanya su jam'iyya yarjejeniya, amma a lokaci guda nema, cewa a karkashin hannu koma Pereyaslavl.

Koyo na wadannan abubuwan, 'yan'uwa suka sallami Bogolyubskii Rostislavich jakadan, wanda sake ba su da umarni bar birnin a karkashin qarqashin su, kuma tafi "baya gida da ita." Bayan ba sa'a Mstislav, da babba na sarakuna, ya ba saba ji tsõro, kuma yi rawar jiki, sabili da haka ba da umarnin a aske Manzo nalyso da kuma aski gemu. Ya umarta a kai Andrew: "Saboda haka yanzu mun girmama ka a matsayin uba ... amma idan ka aika da ni bayan irin jawabai, hanyar Allah ne zai yi hukunci da mu." Sahaban Prince shaida cewa Bogolyubskii ban tsoro fuska duhunta a lokacin da ya ji wannan magana, sa'an nan ya umarta a tattaro wata babbar rundunar soja (50 dubu) da kuma je Mstislav Vyshgorod.

Social hoto Andreya Bogolyubskogo cewa lokaci ya halartar munanan canje-canje: maimakon peacemaker da kuma cikakken siyasa bayyana wuya da kuma m adadi a wadda duk fili bayyane siffofin da ya overbearing uba. A karshen, yana bad tasiri a kan harkokin da sarauta.

Asarar da tasiri

Ya tarihin a wannan lokaci ba m lura da cewa m madaidaci Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii (wanda biography kafin da irin wannan lokacin) bada insatiable fushi da girman kai, da kuma dalilin da ya sa ya ce wannan wani m da fushi kalmomi. Join rundunar ma Smolyan (kãmamme), da kuma wasu daga cikin sojojin na Rasha sarakuna, da Polovtsy, sai ya tafi zango. A nan ne kawai Hrabryy Mstislav Vyshgorod haka da kyau kare da cewa duk da sojoji da yawa suka gudu.

Prince Andrew ya gaba daya rasa tasirin da take da a kudancin shugabanni. Kuma waɗanda ba haka santsi: kawai shekara guda a dũkiyõyinsu fara hargitsi hade tare da asarar da Kiev kursiyin, amma saboda Rostislavichi aiki manzanni zuwa Bogoliubsky domin su tambaye shi domin Kiev kursiyin to Prince Roman. Babu wanda ya san abin da zai yi ya kawo karshen tattaunawar, amma wannan lokacin Andrew Bogolyubskii, tarihi hoto wanda muka ba a wannan labarin suna mutuwa.