Tashi wani jirgin sama m: description da kuma tarihi na

Tashi wani jirgin sama m - An wani iska naúrar iya zuwa kai da dama karami jirgin sama tsara domin fama a cikin iska.

A ra'ayin na halitta tashi jim kadan bayan fara yi da kuma aiki na zeppelins, mafi shahara karatu kamar yadda blimps.

Samar da wani iska m aka dauke alamar kasuwanci, kamar yadda qara tasiri na mataki na fama da jirgin sama. Duk da haka, tare da zuwan jirgin sama refuellers, wannan Trend rasa ta munasaba, ko da yake an ba gaba daya barrantar daga asusun.

Abin da ya sa da zargin mai tashi da jirgin sama m

Ana zargin sabon na'urorin, sunadaran suna ko da yaushe hade da wasu bukatun na jama'a. Kamar yadda ka sani, a cikin farkon karni na ashirin, yakin duniya na farko ya barke, yayin da jiragen yakin daga bangarorin biyu aka farko amfani. Duk da haka, shi yana da matukar low yadda ya dace.

Gaskiyar cewa kalubale a cikin lokaci a kan sojojin na jirgin sama zuwa wani sosai kananan kewayon jirgin saboda da kananan adadin man fetur da a kan jirgin. Wannan mai tsanani takaita amfani da fama da jirgin sama, kamar yadda za su iya aiki ne kawai a cikin frontal zone. bayan maƙiyi Lines ya fita daga kusakusa a gare su.

A bukatar inganta tasiri na soja fama jirgin sama tilasta kula da zeppelins - blimps tare da karfe harsashi. Wadannan iska raka'a da wani kyakkyawan m size da kuma yiwuwar tashi a tsawon nisa. Wannan ya sa ra'ayin motsi da jirgin sama amfani nesa zurfi a cikin yankin magabta a gudanar da wani iska hare kan dabarun hari. Saboda haka akwai mai tashi da jirgin sama m. Amma ya kamata a lura da cewa kowace kasa na da hanyar zuwa ganin wannan ra'ayin. Ba ko da yaushe wannan hanya sa a mai kyau mafita.

USS airship. farko kwarewa

Da farko mayar da hankali, a cikin halittar wani tsuntsu jirgin sama m ya yi amfani da wannan a matsayin airships, wanda ake amfani da ko'ina a amfani da makamai rikice-rikice, har sai karshen yakin duniya na biyu.

A jirgin sama da aka gani mafi dace version na masu biyowa: a biplane aka saka a kan jirgin a Zeppelin, kuma tsĩrar a cikin wani yaki zone.

Bayan haka, da jirgin saman da aka dauka daga wani musamman crane da kuma ƙyanƙyashe airship disengaged. Duk wannan ya faruwa a cike gudun jirgin sama m. Bugu da ari gudanar solo jirgin biplane.

Bayan da fama manufa jirgin sama koma zuwa Zeppelin ci gaba da gudu cikin wani yaki zone, mai gudun gaske, da na nẽmi dawwama a shi da crane ƙugiya da kuma ja a. Bugu da ari Airborne jirgin sama m koma ga Airfield.

A karshen shekarar 1918, Amirka blimp-1 ya tashi da jirgin sama, "Curtiss JN4", a haɗe karkashin gondola. Bayan dagawa da biplane ya kasance unhooked kuma da kansa ya ci gaba da jirgin.

A Amurka, daga baya gina biyu mafi girma a cikin tarihin jirgin sama airship "Macon" da "Akron", wanda yana da tsawon na 239 m, kuma sun kasance m na dauke da har zuwa hudu mayakan. Duk da haka, da rashin kwarewa a yi wannan irin zeppelins da wani mummunan tasiri a kan su nan gaba: duka biyu "aviamatki" fado saboda matalauta zane.

Canza ra'ayi na iska dako

Experience a cikin yin amfani da airship matsayin tashi da jirgin sama m nuna da savanin wannan Trend. Musamman waned sha'awa cikin da shi bayan da bala'i a cikin duniya most Zeppelin "Hindenburg". airship cika da hydrogen ƙone da sauri, inda suka kashe sama da dozin uku fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin.

Har ila yau, wani gagarumin drawback na wani jirgin sama m, da airship shi ne da yanayin shigewa zuwa maƙiyi jirgin sama. A bayyanar maƙiyi jirgin sama a yankin na gano jirgin m, "cushe" tare da hydrogen, shi yake nufi makawa, halakarwa.

Saboda haka, a cikin yakin duniya na farko da Birtaniya sun yi yunkurin kirkiro kumshin jirgin sama, watau wani jirgin sama dauke da wani jirgin saman soja. Kamar yadda irin wannan Birtaniya jirgin sama m nufi don amfani mai tashi jirgin ruwan, kayyade ta saman jirgin saman soja.

A ra'ayin, ba shakka, yana da kyau, amma da wuya su cika. Saboda haka, a tashi da jirgin sama m, a cikin wani nau'i na kumshin jirgin sama da kuma aka ba a halitta da Birtaniya jirgin sama zanen kaya. Amma m kwarewa bai tsaya waje Rasha jirgin sama masana'antun.

A ra'ayin na jirgin sama VS Vahmistrova

Vladimir Sergeevich Vahmistrov - mai digiri na biyu daga cikin Air Force Academy. Bayan samun digiri ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin sama da bincike da gwaji institute. Cikin ganuwar, kuma ya bayyana a ra'ayin amfani da constructor matsayin "aviamatki" twin-engine m tarin fuka-1, halitta mashahuri zanen kirar Tupolev.

Vladimir Sergeyevich miƙa zuwa kafa biyu jirgin saman soja fuka-fuki tarin fuka-1 musamman kwa'di.

A wannan yanayin, da jirgin sama da aka yi amfani a matsayin kariya daga abokan gaba m jirgin sama.

Haka kuma an shirya cewa bayan harin bom da tarin fuka-1 da wuraren da makiya mayakan da koma zuwa ga Airfield kowane kansa.

Aiwatar da ra'ayin Vahmistrova

A tsakiyar 1931 Soviet High umurnin amince da wani shirin VS Vahmistrova, jayayya cewa Airborne jirgin sama m - shi ne mai tsanani makami.

A rukuni na matasa designers fara aiki maida a kan halittar wani winged jirgin sama m, ko kuma kamar yadda aka sa'an nan da ake kira, a jirgin sama-matakin. A karshen shekarar 1931 wani jirgin sama tashi m Vahmistrova ya shirya don gwaji. Yi farko gardama umurci mafi gogaggen matukan jirgi na lokacin, wato Adam Zalewski (kwamandan m crews), Andrey Sharapov (copilot BT-1), Valery Tchkalov da Aleksandru Anisimovu (jirgin saman soja matukan jirgin, m fuka-fuki a kan haše-haše).

"Circus Vahmistrova"

Don haka ya kira gwajin flights daga farko Soviet jirgin sama m. Gaskiyar cewa flights ake sau da yawa tare da mahaukaci yanayi.

Alal misali, a lokacin farko da jirgin, rashin daidaituwa m ƙungiya da kuma jirgin saman soja matukin Chkalov ya nufin cewa Zalewski bude gaban jirgin saman soja kayyade kwa'di a lokacin rufe al'amudin ta shasi. Kawai kwarewa Chkalov ya sami ceto daga bala'i.

A irin wannan halin da ake ciki ya faru tare da V. Kokkinaki jirgin saman soja: ya ba bude kulle wutsiya saukowa kaya. Ga halin da ake ciki da aka ajiye kusa da kwamandan na m Stefanovsky, yankan shawara su zauna tare da mayakan kan fikafikan. All ƙare da kyau.

wahayi nasara

A farko gwajin flights sun nuna cewa tashi Soviet jirgin sama dako ne ya cancanci kara ci gaba da.

A wurin da m tarin fuka-1 ne mafi iko tarin fuka-3 da aka halitta, wanda zai iya zama wani jirgin sama m ga sabon jirgin saman soja Polikarpov I-5. A lokaci guda wata damar kara yawan šaukuwa mayakan har zuwa uku - fikafikai biyu da daya a fuselage.

Vahmistrova yunkurin da aka yi wa m da mayakan ƙarƙashin fikafikan da tarin fuka-3, amma ta tsaya a cikin mutuwar wani jirgin saman soja matukin jirgi. Dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari sake aiki a matsayin jirgin sama da aka makala kulle a kan "aviamatke" ba a bude ga iska, amma spontaneously jawo a lokacin da saukowa.

A shekarar 1935, Tarayyar Soviet tashi da jirgin sama m ya iya shari fiye da biyar mayakan, tare da daya daga cikinsu (I-Z) da aka haɗa ta "aviamatkoy" a cikin iska.

A shekara ta 1938, a tashi da jirgin sama m, aka soma da Red Army.

Mafi shahara iska dako

An sani tashi biyar jirgin sama dako, wanda sun bar wata alama a cikin tarihin jirgin sama - Soviet tarin fuka-1, kirar Tupolev Tu-95N, American jirgin sama Convair B-36 peacemaker, Boeing B-29 Superfortress da airship "Akron".

Soviet tarin fuka-1 ne a duniya na farko serial-karfe monoplane m, aka yi amfani da matsayin wani haske jirgin sama m. Baftisma na wuta da jirgin sama m samu Yuli 26, 1941, lokacin da da taimakon jirgin saman soja-kai harin, a karshe kuma "samu" da Jamus mai ajiya a Constanta.

The "tashi da jirgin sama m" Gida Vahmistrova ba a manta. A shekara ta 1955, tarayyar soviet suka fara aiki a kan halittar wani dabarun buga tsarin, ciki har da PC kuma supersonic m jirgin sama m Tu-95N.

Yana da aka zaci cewa PC za a partially dake a cikin kaya riƙe da wani jirgin sama m. A tsarin da aka kamata su tabbatar da shan kashi da manufofin ba tare da shigar da mataki na maƙiyi iska tsaro yankin da kuma komawa zuwa filin jirgin sama.

American Convair B-36 peacemaker aka hannu a samar da tsarin cover nauyi kai harin, wanda aka bayar ga harkokin sufuri na har zuwa hudu haske irin McDonnell XF-85 Goblin mayakan.

Duk da haka, saboda da wuya daga cikin Tashar sarrafa jirgin saman soja B-36 Aikin da aka soke a shekara ta 1949. Bugu da kari, da Amurka Air Force dauke ƙarya-manufa simulators samar m, a cikin taron na wani hari maƙiyi jirgin sama, mafi tasiri fiye da fama jirgin saman soja murfin.

Boeing B-29, aiki 40s, azurta qazanta biyu mayakan. Duk da haka, da m karkatarwa a kan iyakar da fuka-fuki, sun ɓatar to bala'i, da aikin B-29 da aka rufe, da kuma manufar da aka gane a matsayin mai hadarin gaske.

American airship USS Akron 30s mallakar daya daga cikin mafi girma a Zeppelin duniya. Ya ya iya safarar har zuwa biyar haske jirgin sama wanda manufa ya bincike.

Tashi da jirgin sama dako na gaba

American kuma Soviet tashi da jirgin sama dako, wani nazari da wanda aka bai sama, sa'a, ya ba tukuna kafa wani m na fama amfani, sai dai da aiki don ya hallakar da mai ajiya wurare a Constanta a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

Duk da haka, ra'ayin wani tsuntsu jirgin sama m har yanzu mamaye zukatan zanen kaya.

Alal misali, tsawon lokaci da shirin The Tsaro Research Jobs Amurka (DARPA) ta kaddamar da wani shirin na "Gremlins" a kan ci gaban unmanned m motocin, iya shan kashe daga wani jirgin sama m, kuma ya koma zuwa ga gefen.