Valery Chkalov: biography, iyali hotuna

A yawa tituna, da makarantu da kuma sauran kungiyoyin suna suna bayan Chkalov. Wane ne wannan mutumin? Fiye da ya cancanci irin wannan tunawa da kansa?

Domin mutane akalla kadan saba da tarihi na kasar su, Valery Chkalov - An, na farko, da shugaban matukan jirgin, suka gudanar da wani sashe a kan wani jirgin saman da farko jirgin a kan Arewa iyakacin duniya, ba komai a fili. An taron ya faru a cikin m 1937. A hanya da aka gudu daga Moscow (USSR) a Vancouver (United States).

yara

Valery Chkalov aka haife kan 20.01.1904 a wani kauye a cikin Nizhny Novgorod yankin. Yau, da kauye inda matukin jirgin da aka haife shi ne a birnin Chkalovsk. Mahaifinsa aiki a matsayin boilermaker a jihar-mallakar shagunan. Game da uwar sani sosai kadan, ta mutu lokacin da yake shekaru shida da haihuwa.

A cikin shekaru bakwai, Valery fara koya a yan makaranta, bayan samun digiri tafi wani fasaha makaranta da cewa yanzu Bears sunansa. Ya aiko shi zuwa ga karatu da ubansa a 1916. Bayan shekara biyu da binciken, ya yi komawa gida saboda makaranta da aka rufe.

Tun wannan lokacin, Valery zama wani almajiri daga ubansa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin maƙeri a ƙirƙira, kuma daga baya - a matsayin Stoker a kan wani dredge. A daidai wannan lokaci na rayayye masu tasowa, navigation, wanda janyo hankalin saurayin da yake dama.

Fara na sabis

A yanke shawarar canza jobs Valeriy Chkalov dauki bayan 1919 gan jirgin sama a karon farko. Kuma sai ya tafi bauta a cikin Red Army jirgin sama fitter. Its jirgin sama jiragen ruwa da aka located Nizhny Novgorod.

The saurayi so wajen samar da karin, don haka a 1921, ya sanya da shugabanci da kuma sa suna zuwa karatu a makarantar na Air Force soja-msar tambayar shugabanci (Egorov). Bayan ta sauke karatu a 1922 ya tafi wani soja makaranta matukan jirgi (Sts). Ya kuma kasance cikin yi a makaranta na aerobatics (Moscow), harbi makaranta, da kuma iska fama (Serpukhov).

By 1924, matukin jirgin Valery Chkalov aka shigar da shi rundujar soja masu dawaki sunan Nesterov. Shi ne sai m na Flying, wanda shi ne sau da yawa sosai nuna wuce kima gabagadi da kuma ƙarfin hali. Domin wuce kima hadarin shi ne sau da yawa dakatar daga tashi.

Bugu da kari, saurayin yana da matsaloli tare da horo da kuma a kan ƙasa. A shekara ta 1925, ya shekara guda a kurkuku ta hanyar soja kotun ga mãsu mãye brawl. Daga baya ajalin da aka rage zuwa watanni shida. Abin takaici, wannan kwarewa bai ba da sakamako mai kyau, kuma bayan shekaru uku, a 1928, wani soja kotu sake hukunta matukin jirgi. A wannan lokaci a cikin iska foolhardiness kuma maimaita breaches na horo ya aka yanke masa hukumcin shekara guda a gidan yari. Har ila yau, ya aka kora daga Red Army.

Mun gode wa basira domin shi nan da nan ya fara tambaya Alksnis da Voroshilov, suka gudanar da wani watan maye gurbin jumla a cikin matukar. Matukin jirgin ya zama wani malami da kuma shugaban makaranta glider

Test matukin jirgi

By Nuwamba 1930, Valery Chkalov aka mayar zuwa ga daraja, ya aka aiko zuwa Air Force NNI a Moscow. Bayan shekaru biyu, ya gudanar ya yi fiye da ɗari takwas gwajin flights, don Master da dabara na piloting talatin iri da jirgin sama.

Tun shekara ta 1933, Valeriya Chkalova rayuwa canza sake - ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa gwada matukan jirgi a cikin wani jirgin sama ma'aikata a Moscow. A nan sai ya samu wani iri-iri na mayakan da kai harin. Bai bar, kuma foolhardiness iska, tun ƙware da adadi mafitar kwalaba da kuma jinkirin ganguna.

A shekarar 1935 ya aka bayar da Order of Lenin, tare da zanen Nikolai Polikarpov ga halittar mafi kyau mayakan. Da shi shi ne mafi girman gwamnati lambar yabo.

Flight daga Moscow zuwa Far East

Jirgin ya kamata ya nuna yiwuwa na tasowa jirgin sama. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich, ya jagoranci ƙungiya fara 07.20.1936. Jirgin dade hamsin da shida hours nonstop, har ya kasance a tsibirin Udd (Sea na Okhotsk). A wannan lokaci, an rinjãye fiye da dubu tara kilomita. Akwai a tsibirin, a saka a jirgin bugi rubutu "Stalin ta hanya." Yana zai ci gaba har na gaba jirgin, wanda mafi mafarki Chkalov, wato daga Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka via da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

Ga wani cin nasara jirgin da ƙungiya aka bayar da suna Hero na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma cikin Order of Lenin. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich aka gabatar tare da mai zaman kansa jet, wanda aka kiyaye wannan rana da aka adana a Chkalovsk da Museum.

Muhimmancin wannan tafiya da aka alama da cewa Stalin ya kaina, na sadu da ma'aikatan Shchelkovo Airfield a watan Agusta 1936. Bayan da cewa Valery Pavlovich samu a kasar fitarwa a ko'ina cikin Union.

Jirgin daga Tarayyar Soviet a Amurka

The ƙungiya asali ya so ya yi da jirgin daga Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka via da Arewa iyakacin duniya, amma don samun izinin yin haka ba nan da nan ya bayyana. Stalin bai so a maimaita gazawar da ya same Levanevskogo bazara na shekarar 1935. Amma bayan nasara tafiya zuwa Far East izinin da aka sanya.

The jirgin fara 06.18.1937, da kuma kwanaki biyu bayan komai a fili a Vancouver (USA). Yanayi na jirgin sun yafi wuya tsammani. Wannan shi ne saboda matalauta Ganuwar, ko kuma wajen da bayãnka, kuma icing. Crew rinjãya takwas da rabi kilomita dubu da aka bayar da Order of Red Banner.

Valery Chkalov, photos aka gabatar a cikin labarin, na iya gudanar da tsare-tsaren. Duk da cewa ya kuma an zabe, da kuma Stalin ya miƙa shi da post na NKVD, ya ba ta gushe ba su shiga cikin jirgin gwaje-gwaje, la'akari da shi da babban aiki.

mutuwa

A cikin hunturu 1938, Valery Chkalov, wanda biography aka dauke a cikin review, aka gaggawa kira da baya daga iznin dangane da gwajin na sabon jirgin saman soja. Bayan makonni biyu, matukin jirgin ne aka kashe (12.15.1938) a lokacin da farko jirgin.

A cewar data kasance bayanai, jirgin da aka shirya cikin sauri, domin sun so su yi lokacin da za a yi duk abin da kafin karshen shekara. Lokacin da ya tara, da jirgin saman da aka samu kusan ɗari biyu lahani. Polikarpov ya yi gāba tsoma bakin sauri. Domin wannan ya aka dakatar daga aiki. Gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi a ƙasa na farko, sa'an nan ba tare da saukowa kaya. A karshe an ba tafi-gaba yin wani jirgin, amma har zuwa wani tsawo na dubu bakwai mita tare da saukowa kaya retracted. Bayan haka, a karkashin gwajin mota ya kamata ya tafi zuwa ga sauran matukin jirgi.

A ranar da gwajin da yawan zafin jiki ya debe ashirin da biyar digiri Celsius, amma ya yanke shawarar tashi Chkalov. Lokacin da saukowa da engine tsaya. Matukin jirgin kokarin zama a sama, amma jirgin saman kama a kan waya a kan wani iyakacin duniya. A sabili da mutuwar da aka rauni saboda bugawa kansa a kan wani karfe armature. Sa'an nan matukin jirgi ya rayu ba fiye da sa'o'i biyu. Ya mutu a kan hanyar zuwa asibiti. A wannan lokaci matarsa da aka dauke su uku yaro zuciya. Ta bayar da rahoton da ya faru ne kawai a cikin marigayi maraice.

Chkalov aka binne shi a birnin Moscow, cikin akwatin jefa kuri'a da aka sanya a cikin Kremlin bango. Wasu ma'aikata manajoji wanda aka hannu a wani gaggãwa fitina, da aka yankewa hukuncin dogon kurkuku sharuddan.

Family da kuma yara

Tare da matarsa, Valery Chkalov, wanda biography - wani topic na mu review, ya gana a cikin matasa, shekaru. A 1927 da suka yi aure da kuma nan da nan ya samu da farko yaro. Olga ya Erazmovna nee gyada, aiki a matsayin malami.

Valeriya Chkalova matar tsira shi da hamsin da shekaru tara. Ta ya rubuta wani yawan ayyuka da tunanin na mijinta. Olga rayu Erazmovna casa'in da shekara shida, aure bai fita.

A aure, suna da 'ya'ya uku:

• Igor (1928-2006).
• Valery (1935-2013).
• Olga (1939).

Dan da matukin jirgi

Igor bai gwada matukin uba. Amma ransa ya da alaka da jiragen sama - ya kasance wani m Air Force. Ya kuma cika up asusu na gidan kayan gargajiya sadaukar wa ubansa a Chkalovsk. Mutane da yawa su sha'awar a cikin wata hira, da yadda ya mutu Valery Chkalov. Wannan dan amsa ya ce da mahaifinsa cire saboda da cewa shi yana da tasiri a kan Stalin. Binne dan sanannen Aviator a Novodevichy hurumi.

'Yar mahaifinsa mutuwa

Dan Valery Pavlovich ya kusan shekaru goma da haihuwa lokacin da bala'i ya faru. Ya tuna da uba a kan sirri tunanin, ko da ya tashi tare da shi a kan jirgin sama. 'Ya'ya mata da babu irin wannan tunanin. Valeria ne kawai na shekaru uku, da haihuwa, da kuma Olga aka haife kawai bayan rasuwar tsohonsa.

A wannan yanayin, duk da yara Valeriya Chkalova kiyaye memory na shi. Game da mutuwar mahaifinsa a hirarraki ya Olga bin da version cewa duk faru saboda kara da gudu "rigar" jirgin sama. Valeria aka hakikance ga version cewa mahaifinsa da aka cire, da gangan gudãnar da gwaje-gwaje m jirgin sama.

A shekara ta 1938 ya ganiya da danniya, ciki har da a jirgin sama, don haka ba abin mamaki ba da 'yan'uwanku mãtã, bã su gani da cewa ubansu iya tura wani sane m manufa.

Ƙwaƙwalwar na gwarzo

Valery Chkalov (shekaru na rayuwa - 1904-1938) ya kasance daya daga cikin shahararrun mutane na Tarayyar Soviet. A masa mutunci, da ake kira Metro tashar, da farko da kungiyar, soja rundujar soja masu dawaki. Sunansa da aka mai suna daya daga cikin tsibiran a Tekun Okhotsk, wanda komai a fili da matukan jirgin a lokacin da jirgin daga Moscow zuwa Far East, kazalika da wani sarari suKe jiki a tsarin mu (lambar 2692).

An suna bayan gari inda aka haife shi. A wannan lokaci shi ne kauye na Vasilevo. Sunansa ne da yawa kwaminonin a Rasha, Ukraine, Tajikistan. A daban-daban birane located busts da plaques, kazalika da unguwannin, hanyoyin, tituna da makarantu suna bayan shi. A lokacin, shi bayar da kan sarki, tsabar kudi sadaukar da Chkalov.

Aka saki a cikin shekaru daban-daban, wani biopic game da rayuwa da matukin jirgi. A mafi m ne jerin "Chkalov" (2012) da kuma "The mutanen da suka sanya ƙasa zagaye" (2014).

Valery zauna kawai talatin da shekaru hudu. A wannan lokaci ya sauke karatu daga dama jirgin makarantu, jajirce biyu mafi wuya jirgin fadin Arewa iyakacin duniya, da aka sau biyu yanke masa hukumcin kurkuku sau da dama cire daga cikin sahu na Red Army, bi da raguwa. Shi da matarsa da 'ya'ya uku, wanda kiyaye memory mahaifinsa. Wife, bazawara rayu fiye da shekaru hamsin, kuma sun ba da na aure ya fi tsayi, kiyayye memory na mijinta.

Domin da yawa, shi ya da ya rage wani gwarzo a lokacinsa. Wannan ya nuna mutum-mindedness, duk ya talanti kuma unwillingness su rayu cikin salama, kamar kowa. Ransa ya short, amma zafin, kuma mutuwa - ban tausayi.