Tectonic tsarin Gabas Turai bayyana. The taimako na gabashin Turai Bayyana

Gabas Turai Bayyana wani bangare ne na Gabas Turai dandali. Wannan ne daɗaɗɗe kuma barga naúrar, tare da zare mai makwabtaka belts. A gabas dandali flanked Urals. Tectonic tsarin da Gabas Turai Bayyana ne cewa a kudu shi da iyaka tare da Rum folded bel da Scythian farantin, wanda bautar da sarari na Pre-Caucasus da kuma Crimea. Da kan iyaka da ta shimfida daga bakin da Danube, tare da Black kuma Azov Tekuna.

tectonics

Complex tectonic tsarin da Gabas Turai Bayyana aka karatu da masana kimiyya da dama. Harkokin waje masana kira shi Rasha (a cikin kamar yadda wani dandali). Sashe na ta kan iyakar kudancin wuce ta yankin Tsimlyansk tafki. Akwai manyan ma'aunan kasa anomaly - Chief Eastern Turai hutu. A tsarin da dandali a wannan yanki ne wuya, kamar yadda shi juts cikin wedges Scythian farantin.

Saboda gagarumin yanki tectonic tsarin Gabas Turai bayyana m. Masana kimiyya sun ware biyu manyan-garkuwa lebe (Ukrainian kuma Baltic), kazalika da dama yankunan da m da kuma zurfin kwanciya kafuwar. Yana da aka hada da Archean, Proterozoic da kuma na warai tsarin.

Archean strata

Tiered tectonic tsarin da Gabas Turai Bayyana ne cewa kafuwar aka fallasa a yankin na Baltic Shield a Karelia da Kola Larabawa. A wannan za a iya lura daga Archean Layer a Konotop, Podolsky da Dnieper iri-iri. Nan shi ne ya wakilta amphibolites, migmatites da gneisses. A cikin wadannan duwatsu da yawa gungu na ferruginous quartzite da graphite. Su shekaru - game da miliyan 3 da shekaru.

Wani misali na Archean Layer - Voronezh anticline, inda kafuwar da aka aza a kan ba da zurfi ƙwarai. Ya kunshi volcanic tsarin da femic. Wadannan kankara ne halin da yawa daga intrusions na acidic da asali abun da ke ciki, da shekaru wanda shi ne game da 2.7 shekaru miliyan.

Ragewan da kuma kiwon

Amma, da Gabas Turai Bayyana - mai dandali cover cewa an folded sediments na Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic da Cenozoic zamanin. Rasha tushe slab bambanta m taimako na kafuwar rufin. Its tsarin ne zuwa kashi hudu na farko zones subsidences kuma Yanã ɗaukar. Su alternately m tare da juna. Wannan ne Caspian yanki na subsidence, da karfafa Sarmatian yankin, Baltic-Tsakiya Rasha yanki na subsidence kuma karfafa Baltic yankin.

A talakawan ikon da dandali ne daga 35 zuwa 40 kilomita (iyakar ikon gyarawa a Voronezh anticlise - 55 kilomita inda thickened basalt Layer ne ba). Mafi qarancin lambobin amfani da Caspian syncline. Dagawa basalt Layer kai ga crustal thinning Pachelma aulacogene.

Caspian tsararru

The m shekaru na gabashin Turai Bayyana - 1.6-2.6 shekaru miliyan (mafi tsufa na ta shafukan suna located a gabashin). By dogon-tsaye iri-iri sun hada da Tatar, Caspian da kuma Zhiguli-Pugachevsky. Sun raba protoplatformenny hali. The most tsararru - Caspian. A Samara da Saratov Trans-Volga Volga shi yana dauke da kyau. Sun saukar high alumina Archean gneisses da schists.

Caspian tsararru a kudi na wanda aka ƙaddara da tsawo na gabashin Turai Bayyana a kan ta kudu-maso-gabashin kan iyakoki, daban-daban musamman zurfin tsarin. A cikin hedkwatarsu da akwai wani dutse Layer, amma ba Yunƙurin a basalt da Aralsorskom Hobdinskom nauyi highs. Wani hoto ne a kan karkata daga cikin tsararru. Akwai ba wani thinned Layer na dutse.

Prikaspiyskaya syneclise hada yawa gishiri domes. A ta yamma da kuma arewa bangarorin akwai zurfin laifinsu (Volgograd mataki, Yulia Zhadovskaya leji Tokarevskaya flexure). Kafuwar aka saukar zuwa zurfin 25 kilomita. Gishiri domes an fi ci gaba a Guryev yankin. Da girmansu iya zama daruruwan murabba'in kilomita. Suna da triangular, madauwari kuma elliptical siffar ko. The most gishiri domes - Chelkarsky, Dossorsky, Inder, Makat, Eltonsky da kuma sukari-Lebyazhinsky.

Syncline da anticline

Moscow syneclise - mafi girma a cikin Rasha dandali. Irin wannan, a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na gabashin Turai Bayyana. Photo da bincike geologists nuna cewa arewacin gefen akwai biyu dagawa (Soligalichskoe da Sukhonsky). A mafi ɓangare na syncline aka saukar kusa Syktyvkar, wanda za a iya gano da dama gishiri domes (Seregovskie Dome), gina na Devonian gishiri. Its tushe ne Srednerussky aulacogene cika da Layer na mai.

Wani muhimmin kashi na wani tectonic filayen - da Volga-Ural anticline. Ya ƙunshi wani babban depressions da kuma mukamai. Anticline ne halin da wani hadadden tsarin. Its main tadawa - Tokmovsky vault, a Mordovia. A cewar anticlise fitowa key yankuna waterway - da Volga. Sauran manyan koguna na gabashin Turai Bayyana (da Don, Dnieper, Western Dvina) baya ga ta a cikin pool yankin da kuma sauran halaye.

taimako

A matsakaicin tsayi da Gabas Turai Bayyana ne 170 mita. A mafi yawan da aka rubuta a cikin Ural tudun a Tatarstan (479 mita). A general, lebur ƙasa dabam dangane da yankin. A tsakiyar ɓangare ne zuwa kashi da dama alternating Shefela da uplands. A farko daga gare su is located a kwarin da Oka, arewa da Donetsk kewayo. Wannan Upland. A lokacin da Dnieper glaciation shi da aka rufe a gleiser. Wannan ne evidenced da halayyar adibas, ciki har da moraine a dama banki na Oka, kusa Serpukhov.

A Urals ne Bugulmino-Belebei tudu. An m kuma steeply gangaren tudu. Yana da aka hada da siltstone, farar ƙasa, da yumɓun, Marktl da sandstone. Akwai da yawa karst ramukan da kogwanni. Erosive taimako dissected da waɗansu kõguna - gandu na Volga, Kama da Belaya. Hill arziki man fetur (Romashkinskoye, Tuymazinskoe, Shkapovskoe). M gangara gandun daji weaker fiye saman syrts.

Volga Upland

A dama banki na Volga fara Volga Upland. Yana lullube daga Volgograd zuwa Nizhny Novgorod, da kuma yamma ne m zuwa Tambov filayen kwari. Relief Gabas Turai bayyana a cikin wannan bangare kafa a sakamakon dutse hallaka, bayan da a can aka kafa daga lãka, yashi, alli, Marktl da flask. Duk wadannan adibas ne Paleocene, Jurassic da kuma Cretaceous.

More tsoho da kuma m Permian da Carboniferous farar ƙasa outcrop a kan bankunan na Samara Bend. Daga cikin adibas kamata kuma haskaka da karfi sandstones. A crystalline ginshiki na Volga Uplands aka saukar zuwa mafi girma zurfin (game da mita 800).

A kusa da Oka-Don Shefela, da mafi rage surface. Volga m gangara kuma dissected da yawa ravines da gullies. Saboda wannan, akwai aka kafa karko ƙasa.

Total Sirt da kuma Oka-Don kwaruruka

Total Sirt - wani muhimmin ɓangare na taimako, wanda shi ne daban-daban na Gabas Turai Bayyana. Hotuna da wannan yankin a kan iyakar Rasha da Kazakhstan show yanki chernozem, chestnut kasa da kuma Saline kasa rinjaye a cikin watersheds da kogin kwari. Overall Syrt Zavolzhe fara a kuma kara for kilomita 500 gabas. An yafi located a yankin tsakanin manya da Karami Irgiz Irgiz, gabas m zuwa Kudancin Urals.

Tsakanin Volga da Jamhuriyar tsaunuka dake Oka-Don filayen kwari. Its arewacin aka sanshi a matsayin Meschera. A arewacin kan iyakar da filayen kwarinta ne Oka. A kudu na halitta iyaka - Kalach Upland. An muhimmin ɓangare na kwaruruka - Oka-Tsninsky shaft. Yana lullube ta hanyar Morshansk, Kasimov da kyãwãwa. A arewa yankin na Oka-Don kwaruruka kafa daga glacial adibas, kuma a kudu shi ne kafuwar yashi.

Valdai da kuma Northern Uvaly

A babbar Gabas Turai Bayyana aka located tsakanin Atlantic, kuma Arctic tekuna. Daruna na kõguna sunã gudãna daga cikin su, lokacin da na fara a cikin Valdai Hills. Its tsororuwar - 346 mita. Valdai aka located in Smolensk, Tver da Novgorod yankuna. An halin m moraine kunya-da taimako. Akwai da yawa Marshes da tabkuna (duk da Lake Seliger da Verhnevolzhskie).

A arewacin ɓangare na gabashin Turai Bayyana - Northern Uvaly. Sun zauna da ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Komi, Kostroma, Kirov da Vologda yankuna. Kunsha wani tudu, sannu-sannu rage-rage a wani northerly shugabanci har sai da shi ya ginu ne a kan White kuma Barents Tekuna. Its matsakaicin tsawo - 293 mita. Northern Uvaly - watershed tasa na Arewa Dvina da Volga.

Black Sea kwaruruka

A kudu maso yammacin na gabashin Turai Bayyana ƙare a cikin Black Sea kwaruruka, located a kan ƙasa na Ukraine da kuma Moldova. A gefe daya shi ne a daure da Danube Delta, da kuma a kan sauran - Azov Kalminus kogin. Black Sea kwaruruka kunshi Neogene da Paleogene adibas (lãka, yashi da kuma farar ƙasa). Su katange baƙin yumɓu da kuma rawayar} asa.

Kwaruruka kwaruruka ketare da dama na gudãna: da Dniester, Southern Bug da Dnieper. Su akwai, bankunan daban-daban m, kuma m landslides. A Coast yawa estuaries (Dniester, Dnieper, da sauransu. D.). Wani recognizable alama - wani yawa na yashi spits. A Black Sea kwaruruka mamaye steppe wuri mai faɗi da duhu launin ruwan kasa da kuma baki gona. Wannan shi ne mai arziki da aikin gona breadbasket.