Tianshan Mountains: Halayen, tarihi, tsawo da kuma hoto

Tianshan Mountains da hankali da tunanin da yawa matafiya. Ta yaya za ka so ka zo nan, da idanuwan ganin snow iyakoki, don jin da iko da ƙarfi daga wannan wuri!

Frankly, ba kowa da kowa ta samu nasara. Me ya sa? Kamar yadda mai mulkin, dalilin iya zama 'yan, amma yana daga cikin manyan son mu haskaka da wadannan. Ka tuna inda Tien Shan. Yarda, wannan ba a cikin cibiyar na mahada na babban yawon shakatawa hanyoyi na duniya, wanda ke nufin cewa don samun wannan batu na duniya da kuma dogon da kuma tsada. Kawai mafi matsananciyar iya iya shi. Abu na biyu, domin tafi zuwa nasara da baƙin ciki Tianshan bukata babba jiki shiri. Ga wani mafari wannan tafiya iya zahiri zama haɗari.

Duk da haka, wannan labarin ba zai kawai gaya game da whereabouts na Tien Shan. Bugu da kari, mai karatu zai samu bayani mai muhimmanci game da wasu abubuwa. Alal misali, halayyar fasali na abu, ta sauyin yanayi, da Legends da myths, Flora da fauna.

Sashen 1. General bayanai

Tien-Shan duwãtsu, photos na wanda za a iya samu a kusan duk wani atalas, wanda ya gaya game da Gwargwadon fasali na duniya, located in Central Asia, a kasashe da dama (Kyrgyzstan, China, Kazakhstan da kuma Uzbekistan).

Da yawa daga cikin yammacin dutsen kewayon aka located a Kyrgyzstan Jamhuriyar, gabashin rabin zo a waje na kasar Sin, arewa da yammacin iyakar suna located in Kazakhstan da kuma kudancin karshen maki - a cikin iyakar Uzbekistan da kuma Tajikistan.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa kunya Tien-Shan ta'allaka yafi a cikin latitudinal da sublatitudinal karba-karba. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da duwãtsu a duniya, daga cikinsu akwai da yawa kololuwa na kan 6.0 dubu. Mita.

Domin mafi girma da maki ne Pobeda ganiya (game da 7440 mita), tanã fita a kan iyakar Kyrgyzstan da kuma China, da kuma Khan Tengri (kusan 7000 mita), located in Kyrgyzstan kusa Kazakhstan. A zaune a fili yankunan da wuya su yi tunanin yadda shi ne - ya zauna a gindin dutsen giant Refayawa, da na fi wanda ya tashi nesa daga cikin matakin na girgije samuwar.

A dutsen duka iyaka ne zuwa kashi da dama yankunan: Arewa, West, South-West, Gabas, Tsakiya da kuma Inner.

Sashe Na 2. Blue Mountains, ko Tien Shan. A sauyin yanayi na tsaunuka

A yanayi na wannan tsarin yana nufin yafi ga sharply nahiyar type, halin da sultry da bushe bazara tare da kadan hazo.

Winter daban-daban mai tsanani da kuma high zazzabi bambance-bambance, low girgije da kuma wuce kima rashin ruwa na iska. A duwãtsu, akwai wani gagarumin duration na sunshine, wanda shi ne har zuwa 2,700 hours a kowace shekara. Hakika, da wani mutum talakawa irin data ne da kamar wuya a ce wani abu, saboda haka a kwatanta, misali, a cikin Moscow, cikin shekara-shekara talakawan - kawai 1600 hours. Don canja wadannan dabi'u rinjayar mai tsayi m da wuya daga cikin wuri mai faɗi.

The adadin ruwan sama dogara a kan karba-karba, kuma qara da tadawa. A kalla hazo da dama a kan filayen (150-200 mm kowace shekara), kuma wannan adadi ya riga ya kai har zuwa 800 mm a cikin yankunan matsakaici-shekara.

Mai da dama tsakanin bazara da kuma bazara. High bushe iska rinjayar da samuwar snow cover, wanda ya bambanta a fagage daban-daban. Alal misali, Tien-Shan a Kazakhstan (arewa maso yammacin gangara) da snow line kafa a tsawon 3600-3800 mita a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare - a tsawon 4200-4500 mita da kuma 4000-4200 mita a gabashin yankuna. Wannan ne tsawo na fi mayar da kayyade sauyin yanayi yanayin samuwar wani musamman yankin.

A sararin jari na kankara da dusar ƙanƙara a kan gangara Tien-Shan tare da farko na zafi na iya kai wa ga m avalanches taron. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa matafiya kasance musamman da hankali.

Sashe Na 3. Kasa siffofin

Tianshan Mountains suna located in ta tsakiya da Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma daga cikin mafi girma da duwãtsu na mai tsayi nadawa a cikin dukan duniya. A tsawon 4000 m akwai alãma daga zamanin d baje saman.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Tianshan Mountains, da photo cewa a zahiri buga ta girmamãwa, har yanzu a cikin tectonic da girgizar kasa aiki.

Yana da wuya su yi tunanin cewa fiye da talatin kololuwa da dutsen fuska ne ya fi 6,000 mita. Daga cikin wadannan, da girma ganiya ne Nasara (7439) da kuma Khan Tengri (game da 7000 m). A tsawon tsarin daga yamma zuwa gabas ne 2500 km.

A ridges an kafa daga igneous da Intermontane ciki - na sedimentary kankara. A tsawo daga cikin Tien-Shan duwãtsu, ba shakka, yana sanya ta bugu a kan su fasali. Babban bangare yana da wani mountainous ƙasa gangara tare da siffofin glacial da talus dutse.

An gano cewa a tsawon 3000 m fara da bel na permafrost. Tsakanin tsarin da duwãtsu ne intermountain hollows (Issyk-Kul, Naryn da Fergana).

Don kwanan wata, a cikin zurfin na Tien Shan gano ma'adinai adibas: cadmium, tutiya, antimony da Mercury. Kuma a cikin kududdufai - man fetur. A jam'i na ambaliyar ruwa glaciers da kuma dusar ƙanƙara filayen. Idan ba, inda Tian Shan ne daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, da zarar ya bayyana yadda babban mai rawar wannan dutse tsarin a cikin jindadin da kewaye jihohi.

Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura da cewa na gudãna (Naryn, Chu, Tarim, Ili da dai sauransu) da kuma Lake (Issyk-Kul, Chatyr-Kul, kuma Song-Kel) ya kamãta da ciki ruwan ya kwarara, sabili da haka, suna da wani gagarumin darajar da sauyin yanayi na Tian Shan. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Sin da Uzbekistan sun dogon koya wa] aukaka wadannan siffofin ga masana'antu dalilai.

A general, wani dutse sarkar kunshi wadannan orographic yankunan:

• Northern Tien-Shan, hada da ridges Kirghiz, Ketmen, Kungei Tau da Tau Zailiyskiy.
• Gabas Tien Shan - Borohoro Mountains, Bogle-Ula, Kuruktag, Sarmin Ula, Irene Habyrga, Karlytag Halyktau.
• Yammacin Tien Shan - Talas Alatau, Karatau, Ugamsky, Pskem da Chatkal jeri.
• Ta Kudu-Western Tien Shan: kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na Fergana Range da duwãtsu kewaye da Ferghana Valley.
• Inner Tien-Shan located a cikin Kirghiz kunya Fergana kunya Issykkul ciki, kunya Kokshaltau Akshiirak da dutse taro.

West daga cikin tsakiyar gundumomi samar da uku ridges rabu da intermountain daruna da hade Fergana kunya. Eastern Region Tien-Shan kunshi biyu dutsen jeri a tsawo har zuwa 5000 m, rabu da kududdufai. Domin wannan yankin hankula lebur elevations har zuwa 4,000 m - syrty.

Tianshan Mountains da wani yanki na 7300 murabba'in kilomita na glaciation The most gleiser - Inylchek. A babban yanki ne shagaltar da dutsen matakan da Semi-Hamada. A arewacin gangara an rufe mafi yawa daga coniferous gandun daji da kuma matakan da suke sama da mika mulki a cikin subalpine da mai tsayi fadamun, a kan szyrts - sanyi bari wuri mai faɗi.

4. Sashen Height Tien-Shan duwãtsu: myths, Legends, kuma musamman da asalin sunan

Mutane da yawa na bincike matafiya san cewa wannan sunan na nufin "Celestial Mountains" a kasar Sin harshe. Bisa ga Soviet geographer EM Murzaeva, suka yi karatu da Gwargwadon terminology na Turkic harshe, da sunan aro daga kalmomin Tengritag ( "Tengri" - "allahntaka, sama, Allah" da kuma "tag" - "dutse").

Tien Shan, wanda photo a periodicals ne quite na kowa, suna shahara a da yawa Legends hade da bayanin wasu wurare na m gida janye. Dukansu na farko da na biyu da labaru, a wannan sashe, gaya mana game da Ala-Too dutsen iyaka, located in Northern Tien Shan yankin.

Manchzhypy-Ata

Daya daga cikin duniya-sanannen jan hankali Alatoo - mai kyau kwarin alfarma kafofin Manchzhypy-Ata, shi ne mai rare wurin aikin hajji. A nan ne haramin babban Sufi malami da kuma saint rabawa na Musulunci addini daga nomadic Kyrgyzstan. Manchzhypy-Ata - ba wani mutum da sunan. Saboda haka a daban-daban Turkic harsuna kira nagari mutum, kuma ya zama majiɓinci saint na yankin matafiya, da sãlihai ko rundunar m makiyaya. The kwarin kunshi yawa ravines ƙasar da ta doke mai tsarki spring. Kowane daga cikinsu yana dauke su curative, da kuma su sabon abu kaddarorin tabbatar da dama manyan masana duniya.

Hakika, a zamanin da, wadannan marẽmari iya bauta wa, kuma ga watering da dabbobi. Amma a kan lokaci, da mai wa'azi na Musulunci da aka bai wa banmamaki iko mariƙin marẽmari.

Wadanda suka samu damar ziyarci Tian Shan Mountains a Kyrgyzstan, a photo na wanda ake samu musamman m, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa ji maganganun na gida masana cewa marẽmari ba da bukatar kyautar iyali alheri, ba da ilmi da basira da kuma taimaka rasa haihuwa.

labari Alatoo

Wannan labari da dangantaka yawon sha} atawa, located in line tare da yanayi ruwan sama tarkace kwarara gudãna daga tsaunukan Terskey Alatoo zuwa Issyk-Cool. Duk da cewa lãka cliffs na kwazazzabo, overgrown tare da bushes, a farko duba bakin ciki, neman karin a hankali, daya zai iya yi mãmãki nawa suka canza su bayyanar da bayyana a duk da daukaka.

Tare da wannan ya zo da sunan kanyon "hikaya". Ga dama duniya: multicolored cliffs haske launuka daskarewa a sabon abu siffofin, kuma daga ƙasã girma halitta sculptures na farar ƙasa da yashi da duwatsu, kama da prehistoric mazaunan, ko castle kango.

The labari na mu'ujiza yanayi bayyana kwanan nan. Ya ce cewa gorges kyakkyawa ne na musamman, da kuma idan ka zo da baya sake, kowane lokaci cikin kwarin za a duba a cikin wani sabon hanyar. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yawon shakatawa da ake shirya a nan tare da wani enviable haƙuri, kuma matafiya daga ƙarƙashinsu bai bushe ya kasance a tsawon shekaru.

Af, ba kowa da kowa ya san cewa a cikin Bugu da kari ga sunan Ala-Too dutsen iyaka yana da 'yan ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka - Atatau, Altai da Alai cewa Turkic nufin "motley duwãtsu". Mafi m, wannan shi ne bayanin da dukan ƙasar na Arewa Tien Shan, wanda shi ne mashahuri domin ta volatility kuma bambancin. A nan, kore fadamun ake kõre da mai walƙiya da kõguna a cikinta, snow-fari fi suna a hade tare da Multi masu launin duwatsu, ta rufe Pine gandun daji da kuma haske foothill matakan.

Sashen 5. Domestic Ruwa

Tien Shan Mountains a Kyrgyzstan, kamar yadda haƙĩƙa, a cikin dukan sauran kasashe - wani yanki na dake kwarara samuwar, inda da yawa koguna Kwatsam daga glaciers da snowfields glacial-nival yankin da kuma kawo karshen a magudanun ruwa da kuma a cikin m tabkuna ko ya samar da wata "bushe deltas" a lõkacin da ruwa tunawa a cikin kitsen tuddanta, kuma zuwa ban ruwa.

Dukkan manyan koguna da headwaters a duwatsun Tien Shan ne Syr Darya, Talas, Ili, Chu, Manas, da sauransu. D. The kõguna suna ciyar da dusar ƙanƙara da glaciers. Ganiya kwarara aka lura a bazara da kuma bazara. Ruwa amfani das hi don bayi, ba kawai da ciki kwari da depressions, amma kuma filayen a cikin unguwa.

Manyan lake dutsen tsarin located a kasa na intermountain daruna da suke tectonic lokaci. Wadannan jikin ruwa ne m lake Issyk-Kul, da kuma mai tsayi tabkuna na Chatyr-Kul, kuma Dan-Kul, kusan ko da yaushe rufe da kankara. Akwai kuma pre-glacial Cirque da lake (Merzbacher). The most kandami Gabas yankin na Tien Shan - Bosten Lake, hade da tafkin Lop Kuma kogin Kanchedarya.

Akwai da yawa kananan ruwa jikinsu, mafi yawan abin da su zurfi tare da m bankuna da kuma samun logjam-asalin dammed (Sara-Chelek lake).

Sashen 6. A fannin glaciation

Number glacial dutsen tsarin ne fiye da 7700. Daga cikin su akwai kwari, rataye da carovie iri.

A total yanki na glaciers quite ban sha'awa - fiye da 900 murabba'in mita. km. Domin Terskey Alatau glaciers ne halayyar mĩƙe fi, kunsha undeveloped moraine tsarin.

Tien Shan glaciers samar da wata m taki. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani ɓangare na ridda ne sannu a hankali maye gurbinsu da wasu daga cikin wannan gudun.

A lokacin dukan lokaci worldwide glacial wannan surface aka rufi da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer kankara. Har yanzu, da daban-daban dutsen yankuna na duniya za a iya samu ragowar total glaciation - shafts, moraines, cirques, kududdufai, da high-tsawo glacial tabkuna.

Lura cewa duk na kogin tsarin na Asiya ta tsakiya ne asalin sanannen Tien Shan glaciers. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne mafi girma a kogin Naryn (Kyrgyzstan). Tien-Shan ne mafi girma, sabili da haka, ana iya taimakawa ga samuwar irin wannan iko ruwa jijiyoyi.

Glaciers ciyar da karami dutsen kõguna - gandu na Naryn. Za sauka daga saman wani torrent, su rinjãyi dogon hanyar da ake samun gagarumin ƙarfi. A Naryn gina wani cascade na manyan kuma matsakaici-sized samar da wutar lantarki.

A lu'u-lu'u na Tien Shan Mountains ne picturesque tafkin Issyk-Kul, mamaya 7th wuri a cikin jerin mafi manyan da kuma zurfin jikin ruwa. An located in wata katuwar tectonic kwarin tsakanin dutsen ridges. A nan ina so in shakata kamar yan unguwa, da kuma da yawa yawon bude ido, zuwa tare da su duka iyalai da kuma m kungiyoyin na abokai.

The lake yanki ne 6332 murabba'in mita. m, kuma ta zurfin kai 700 m nan za ka iya ƙara da sauran manyan tabkuna na Ciki Tien-Shan -. Song-Kul, kuma Chatyr-Kul.

A mountainous yankunan akwai wani sa na kananan jikin ruwa da kuma glacial kankara irin, wanda ba su shafi sauyin yanayi na yankin, amma dauke da fi so hutu aibobi.

Wuya kowa zai yi jãyayya da cewa, ce, Tien Shan Mountains a Kyrgyzstan, hotuna da suke quite na kowa - shi ne wani wuri cewa ya kamata a ziyarci akalla sau daya a rayuwarsu. A wannan Trend ne lura a wasu ƙasashe. A kowace shekara a kan hutu a nan ya zo more kuma mafi yawon bude ido daga daban-daban sasanninta na duniya.

Sashen 7. Features na gida fauna

Idan ka yi tunani game da inda Tien Shan ne, za mu iya ɗauka cewa ta fauna lalle gabatar mazaunan hamada da kuma steppe fauna.

A mafi yawa wakilan da na gida fauna ne barewa, zomo, zomo stomp gerbil, jerboa, da sauransu. D.

Na dabbobi masu rarrafe suna samu macizai (coluber, cottonmouth, viper) da kadangaru.

Daga tsuntsãye yada larks, bustards, partridges, gaggafa mounds.

Amma a tsakiyar yankunan suna sanaki wakilan gandun daji fauna -. Boar, ruwan kasa bear, Lynx, kerkẽci, fox, barewa, da tsuntsaye, da dai sauransu. Daga nan mamaye Nutcracker da crossbill.

Higher a dutsen yankunan rayuwa marmots, voles, dutsen awaki, da raguna, da stoats. A mafi kyau da kuma rare ne predator snow damisa (oza). Tsuntsaye - gaggafa, Angulaye, tsuntsu, mai tsayi chough, da dai sauransu ...

Cikin ruwa tsuntsãye (ducks, geese) da ake samu a dutsen tabkuna. Issyk-Kul a cikin hijirarsa zamani zai iya ganin Swans, kuma Bosten Lake - dimilmilo da baki shamuwa. A tabkuna ne ma mai yawa kifi (rudd, Marina, Osman et al.).

Sashen 8. Pobeda ganiya - cikin tarihin ci

Mutane da yawa gardamar cewa Tien Shan Mountains a Kazakhstan, wanda tsayinsa sau da yawa ya wuce 6000 mita, da alama na wata katuwar Refayawa, ya fitar da kusan zuwa sama. Duk da haka, tsororuwar ne har yanzu ba a nan.

Nasara ganiya (Sin sunan Tomur) located in Kyrgyzstan kusa da Sin iyaka. An kunshe a cikin jerin daga cikin mafi kololuwa (7439 m).

Mai yiwuwa ganiya aka farko nasara da wani rukuni na Soviet hawa a 1938. Ko da yake akwai shakka ya ga ko da suka isa taron. A 1943, don tunawa da cin nasara bisa Jamusawa a Stalingrad, da Soviet gwamnati a ganiya Pobeda aka guba da tawagar.

Har ila yau, a shekarar 1955 zuwa hawa zuwa saman biyu teams kashe. Route daya daga cikinsu ya yiwo gudu zuwa Chon-Ton a Kazakhstan, da kuma sauran - tare da gleiser alama a Uzbekistan. Saboda yanayin yanayi da tawagar daga Kazakhstan, kai 6,000 mita, aka tilasta tafi saukar da baya. Group of 12 mutane, daya ne kawai ya tsira. Tun daga nan, da duwãtsu da mummunan suna. Hawan ci gaba a yau. M shi ne jarumi climbers daga Rasha da kuma CIS.

Sashen 9. Samaniya Lake Tien Shan

A 110 km daga Urumqi, high a cikin duwatsu na kasar Sin, shi ya ɓoye sarari lake Tianchi ( "sama Lake") da ciwon jinjirin wata siffar. A tafki surface yankin na game 5.0 sq. km, zurfin - fiye da 100 m.

Mutane kira lake "Pearl na sama Mountain." Yana an ciyar da narke-ruwa kololuwa. Summer kandami ceton mutane da sanyi daga cikin zãfi. Tianchi da aka kewaye da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara kololuwa, gangara an rufe tare da Pine gandun daji, da kuma flower filayen. Daya daga cikin kololuwa - Bogdafen ganiya tsawo na fiye da 6000 m, a cikin sararin sama da lake gaggafa karu har zuwa ..

Its tsohon sunan lake a 1783. Da farko an kira Yaochi ( "Jade Lake"). Hadishi ce kandami wani font na Taoist aljanna Xi Wang-Mu, mai tsaron marẽmari da 'ya'yan rashin mutuwa. A kan bankunan na girma peach itacen, wanda 'ya'yan itatuwa ba da rai madawwami ga mutane.

Sashen 10. Mountain yawon shakatawa

Mutane da yawa matafiya, musamman magoya bayan wasa ayyukan, kokarin akalla sau daya a rayuwa ziyarar Tien Shan. Hoton da aka ɗauka a nan riga ziyarci da matafiya, wani zai taimake ƙayyade da sabon shugabanci na hutu. Kuma wani zai bi da su, in jira na gaba yaƙin neman zaɓe.

Babban yankin duk da muka ambata a sama kasashen da aka yi sama da duwatsu ƙasa. Ba mamaki, da wannan yankin shi ne manufa domin ci gaban ski yawon shakatawa. A kan gangara bude wani yawa na mura, gangara su dace da duka biyu kwararru da kuma sabon shiga. Domin saukaka aiki kayan aiki sakamako da kuma malamai za su taimaka koyi gudun kan basira.

Alal misali, a Kyrgyzstan, Popular ski mura "Oru-Sai", "Orlovka" "Kashka-Suu" da "Caracol".

Ski kakar buɗewa a cikin Disamba da kuma ƙare a marigayi Maris. A mafi kyau watanni for descents suna dauke a watan Fabrairu da Maris. A cikin tsaunuka na glaciers na snow bai zo ba, har ma a lokacin rani. Fans of freeride ga dagawa a kan wani tudu iya amfani da jirgin sama mai saukan ungulu ko mota. Ga masu hawa shirya ascents a kan kololuwa da kuma glaciers kuma gangara. A dutsen gangara dace da gudun da kuma snowboarding.