TNT - menene wannan? Abun da ke ciki, da ikon abu

Yau, da ayyuka bayar ga bil'adama da dama daban-daban nakiyoyi. Daga cikin su musamman wuri ne shagaltar da TNT. Wannan sunadarai fili ne Popular a annan yankunan da bukatar disassembly na karfe, kankare ko tubali Tsarin. Wannan ne dauke da primary fashewar a cikin kayan aiki da harsasai ga soja.

Lokacin da TNT aka samu?

Formula trinitrotoluene (C ₆ H ₂ (NO _{2) 3} CH ₃₎ aka samu, a shekara ta 1963 shekara. The kafa wannan fashewar aka dauke a Jamus sunadarai Julius Wilbrand. Tun 1891, masana'antu samar da TNT da aka kafa. A 1902, da Jamus da kuma Amirka sojojin a cikin kayan aiki da harsasai maye gurbin picric acid, TNT. Rasha Okhta shuka amfani da Jamusanci fasahar ne, a 1909, ya fara sayar da samar da nakiyoyi, Gabancin petrochemical masana'antu ya zama} ashin ga taro samar na TNT.

sunayen

TNT - wani babban m (SHI), wanda kuma ake kira:

• trinitrotoluene.
• tolite.
• Triniti.
• nitrotolom.

M cakuda rage tsawon:

• TNT.
• TNT.
• T.

Me ya sãme?

TNT - wani samfurin kafa a sakamakon sinadaran hulda da nitric da sulfuric acid tare da toluene. A al'ada jihar ne mai ɗamfarar TNT rawaya crystalline abu, wanda yake iya narke a +81 ° C, da kuma a +310 ° C Ignite. TNT sosai ba m zuwa inji danniya. Narkar trinitrotoluene amfani pyridine, acetone kuma chloroform.

TNT yana da dukan kaddarorin da kwayoyin. Amfani da magani a matsayin anti-fungal wakili. A sakamakon haka, babban yawan guba na TNT aka maye gurbinsu da wasu karin tasiri magani samfurin.

jihohi

TNT - ne m wanda zai iya zama a jihohi hudu:

• Flake.
• Foda. Halin da wani babban ji na ƙwarai to waje tsoma, musamman ga wuta.
• Guga man ko simintin. M kona rawaya wuta. Ba tare da wani misali fis ko detonator kwantena suka fashe. Yana halin high ji na ƙwarai to harin.
• Narkewa. Kamar yadda a cikin flake, domin wannan jiha na TNT muhimmi low ji na ƙwarai to harin. Don loda Fused trinitrotoluene, akwai dole ne tsaka-tsaki detonators. A saboda wannan dalili, manufa domin ya matse TNT.

Kamar yadda samfurin da aka sanya?

Flake siffar ne na hali na sabuwar kerarre nakiyoyi.

TNT masana'antu hanya faruwa a matakai biyu:

• toluene aiki. Bayan da nitration dauki na nitric acid, sulfuric acid da kuma toluene an kafa kananan barbashi a cikin nau'i na kodadde rawaya flakes, wanda suke sa'an nan batun daban-daban inji tsoma. A wannan tsari, sulfuric acid da aka yi amfani da matsayin dehydrating wakili.
• Nitration da oleum, a mayar da martani ga wanda ya shiga mono- da dinitrotoluene. A cikin mataki na biyu na dehydrating wakili abubuwa oleum. Da suka wuce haddi acid sukan yi amfani da farko na yi na TNT.

The aiki na flaked TNT jihar cikin narkewa ko compacted foda.

description

• TNT ne halin da low ƙwarai zuwa waje inji danniya: tasirin, harbe da harsashi tartsatsi, gogayya.
• Kuma gagarar sinadaran da tasirinsa.
• Kilogram TNT iya ware 1010 kcal makamashi.
• In kana da wata misali ayukan iska mai ƙarfi hula TNT amsa tare da gudun 6900 mita biyu.
• Trinitrotoluene ba amsa tare da itace, robobi, kankare, tubali.
• Insoluble a cikin ruwa.
• Bayan shafe tsawon dumama, wetting a ruwa da kuma narkewa TNT damar kula da su m Properties.
• Yana o ƙarin duhu a sakamakon daukan hotuna zuwa ga hasken rana.
• Iya ƙone a sakamakon daukan hotuna zuwa bude wuta. Ta haka ne TNT hasken da yellowish harshen wuta toka watsi.
• TNT iya zama a operable yanayin ko da bayan shafe tsawon ajiya. Daban-daban yanayi na (ruwa, ƙasa ko munition jiki) ba ya shafar da kaddarorin na fashewar TNT.

Wanne BB iya shiga cikin connection?

TNT iya amfani da m tsari ko a admixture da sauran nakiyoyi. Daga gare su, ya fi na kowa ne:

• RDX;
• tetryl.
• PETN.
• amiachno-Saltpeter nakiyoyi.

Bugu da kari na TNT wa hexogen, tetrilu Tenu da entails a rage na su m Properties. Bayan Bugu da kari na TNT a-amiachno Saltpeter BB aka lura kara da sunadarai juriya da kuma rage hygroscopicity.

Aikace-aikace na masana'antu fashewar

Quarries da mahakar ne babban wuraren nakiyoyi amfani. Yafi domin wadannan yanayi nakiyoyi kerarre a kan tabo. Abun da ke ciki na TNT, shirya don hakar ma'adinai ya hada da wadannan aka gyara:

• granulated ammonium nitrate.
• dizal man: 3%.
• carbon foda: 5%.

A wannan alamomin ne gaban TNT flake (8%). Wannan uku-kashi TNT tabbatar high dace da ayukan iska mai ƙarfi. A amfani da bama-bamai ba ya cutar da muhalli.

Yadda fashe?

TNT bayan da harin bar wata damar tsira kawai ga waɗanda suka yi nisa daga cibiyar. Lokacin da jawo trinitrotoluene halayyar selection manyan adadin kuzari, wanda tasowa a cikin babban daukan hankali factor BB - tura kalaman. A lokacin da harin ta'addanci, amma ta kawo hadari ne ciko da wani fashewar na'urar. Ƙwanƙwasa abubuwa don wannan dalili ne da kusoshi, kwayoyi, kusoshi, kuma guda na rebar.

Domin sanin ikon da fashewa ta amfani da wani TNT m: da makamashi sake a fashewa da nakiyoyi daidaita ta taro. Fashe kilo TNT samar da isasshen makamashi da ya kashe wani mutum a cikin nesa daga cibiyar zuwa uku mita. Tare da fashewa saki 4,19h106 George. Tsaro kuma zai iya zama a nesa na 15 mita. A ton na TNT saki 4,19h109 J. Energy.

Ina da abu da ake amfani a yau?

Bugu da kari zuwa karafa, TNT ya samu da aikace-aikace a cikin soja. Bisa ga m a Rasha Federation Armed Forces an ɗora Kwatancen da bawo, roka, turmi bawo, bama-bamai, mahakar da kuma bama-bamai aikin injiniya. Domin su kayan aiki amfani TNT. A cikin hali na makaman nukiliya lissafinta a kilo da kuma ton. Ga kayan aiki amfani da harsasai shirye zaɓuɓɓuka:

• lasafta ga hannu da gurneti daga 75 zuwa 400 grams na TNT.
• don samar da anti-tanki da gurneti da kuma rabin kilo.
• to ba m ne daga 4 zuwa 7 kg IV.
• wani bam dauke 5 ton na TNT.
• sojan ruwa nawa - daga 50 zuwa 300 kg.

TNT zargin an Littafi ta wajen karfe shavings daga RDX ko RDX da aluminum.

Yadda za a adana?

TNT an kiyaye a cikin guga man jihar a cikin na musamman cylindrical ko rectangular Checkers. TNT aka bayar a waje ga paraffin Kintsa takarda da musamman kwasfan ayukan iska mai ƙarfi iyakoki.

Yau, ban da TNT, m cajin zuwa ƙirƙirar more iko nakiyoyi. A duk da wannan, TNT ne yanzu a bukatar a karafa masana'antu da kuma a cikin soja.