Business, Dabarun shiryawa
Tsarin siga da sha'anin - wani misali. Halaye na tsarin siga
Da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren da shirye-shirye da aka samu ta hanyar gina wani tsarin siga da za a iya yadda ya kamata mai shiryar da hadin gwiwa da ma'aikata ta hanyar da ya dace kasafi na nauyi, hakkoki da abubuwan da nauyi. Business management kamata zaɓi wani tsarin siga da ya dace da cikin dabarun da tsare-tsaren da kuma samar da tasiri hulda da yanayi da kuma cimma manufofin bayyana.
Halaye na tsarin siga
A karkashin tsarin siga da aka fahimta m tsari da aka raba suna harhada da kuma hadewa aikin ayyuka.
Halayyar tsarin siga hada da shida na asali abubuwa:
- specialization na aikin ayyuka.
- departamentalizatsiyu.
- jerin umurnin.
- span na kula da (auna da matsakaicin yawan ƙarƙashin daya kai).
- karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma decentralization.
- formalization.
Traditional hanyoyin departamentalizatsii
Kwarewa aikin ayyukan ne su raba wa total girma na mutum abubuwa da / ko matakai da kullawa da aiwatar da wani ma'aikaci na kunkuntar kewayon ayyuka, ayyukan, ko hanyoyin. M, a kan tushen da wanda sai mutum aiki ayyuka suna harhada, aka mai suna departamentalizatsii. Akwai biyar hanyoyin samuwar tsarin siga :
1. The aikin kusanta ne cewa kungiyar aikin ayyukan da musamman kwararru a sashen ne da za'ayi a daidai da ayyuka da kuma cancantar - injiniya sashen, lissafin kudi, marketing, samar (Figure 1).
Siffa 1. The ƙungiya tsarin da sha'anin: wani misali na aikin tsarin
2. Lokacin da gabatowa da rundunar-akai don ƙirƙirar kai dauke raka'a ne kama daga cikin kayayyakin da kuma gabatar da shirye-shirye ko Gwargwadon tasiri factor (siffa 2).
Siffa 2. Tsarin siga da sha'anin: wata amãna rundunar tsarin
3. Matrix m kunshi a cikin Gwamuwar rundunar da kuma aikin umurnin sarkar, da rarrabawa da abin da akwai biyu sarkar na karkashi: sandan a lokaci guda rahoton zuwa biyu nan da nan shugabanninsu - manajan aiki ko samfurin a ci gaba ko aiwatar da abin da ya ƙunsa, da kuma shugaban wani aikin sashen (siffa 3).
Siffa 3. Tsarin siga da sha'anin: al'amarin na matrix tsarin
A sabon tsarin da kamfanin
Daga cikin "sabon" mafi m da kuma Na'urar shafi wadannan hanyoyin da samuwar tsarin:
- A tawagar m ake amfani da su shirya da kisan takamaiman ayyuka. bambancin tawagar za a iya halitta, don gudanar da ayyukan da babban sashen.
- Lokacin da wani cibiyar sadarwa m, kungiyar "kwangila", tare da jagorancinsa da kuma key matsayin shi bautarka kulla, wanda rawa ne don kula da tare da taimakon sadarwa na na'urorin fasahar zamani cikin dangantaka tare da sauran sassan. Sashen iya geographically warwatse a duniya, da ayyukan ne m hali, ya kulla da kuma biyan dogara ne a kan kwangila tare da riba. Irin wannan makirci na tsarin siga da aka nuna a cikin siffa. 4.
Figure 4. A cibiyar sadarwa tsarin da kungiyar
Dalilai influencing da zabi na tsarin
A zabi na tsarin siga da aka rinjayi mutane da yawa situational dalilai, duka a cikin kungiyar da kuma waje da shi: sikelin da kasuwanci, da bayani dalla-dalla, da mataki na motsi na yanayi, da halaye na masana'antu a wadda kamfanin aiki, da sauransu.
Amfani ko rashin amfani Na'urar da ba komai haqqinsa Tsarin
Daga cikin komai haqqinsa Tsarin, wanda kuma ake kira matsayi hada mikakke, aikin, rundunar, da sauransu. Daga cikin Na'urar (kwayoyin) asirce matrix Tsarin, aikin, cibiyar sadarwa, da sauransu. A halayyar fasali na wadannan ƙungiya Tsarin aka nuna a Table 1.
Table 1. Amfani ko rashin amfani ba komai haqqinsa da kuma Na'urar ƙungiya Tsarin
| burokrasi | Na'urar tsarin | |
| Goodies | • Shin, bayyananne mahada tsakanin qarqashinsu da magabatansu • Full iko da ƙasa da, • Rapid mayar da martani ga rikicin yanayi | • Inganci dalili • A babban matakin sadaukar da • Initiative ma'aikatan • Quick musayar bayanai tsakanin ma'aikata na matakai daban-daban |
| fursunoni | • Slow motsi bayanai • Low matakin na sadaukar da • Rashin himma ma'aikatan • A ikon gwagwarmaya | • Yiwuwar ungovernability • wahala na gano m ma'aikata |
Overall, tsarin siga na kamfanin (misali - ba komai haqqinsa tsarin) mafi dace wa kamfanonin da ke aiki a wani barga m yanayi, da kuma Organic - kamfanonin tilasta yin aiki a cikin yanayin da ake canza sosai da sauri.
Comparative halaye na kungiya Tsarin
Tsarin siga na kamfanin, dangane da fasali na ginin, yana da jinsin amfani ko rashin amfani wanda aka nuna a cikin tebur 2.
Table 2. Comparative halaye na kungiya Tsarin
| sunan | description | abũbuwan amfãni | ƙuntatawa |
| Ƙirgar | Tsarin siga da sha'anin da aka halitta da canja wurin da ayyuka, da kuma iko na shugaban wani bawa da sauransu a cikin umurnin sarkar. A wannan nau'i matsayi kula da matakan | Sauki da kuma sauƙi na kula da | A manajan wani daraja dole ne m da kuma tasiri a dauke da fitar da wani administrative ayyuka. Tasiri management na sosai iri daban dabam da kuma geographically branched kasuwanci ba zai yiwu ba |
| A Staff | Kungiyar kafa a hedkwatar (administrative ma'aikatan). Masana sun hada da a cikin abun da ke ciki (misali, da lauyoyi, masana kan ma'aikatan horo da kuma ci gaba, da dai sauransu), gudanar da shawarwari kai manajoji da kuma line manajoji | Rage bukatun ga line manajoji da kuma sauƙaƙe aikinsu | Wannan abin kwaikwaya daga tsarin siga halin da rashin, ko iyakance iko na Staff |
| aikin | Domin mutum raka'a (samarwa, tallace-tallace, marketing, kudi, da dai sauransu) musamman da cikakken wasu management ayyuka, ayyuka, da kuma nauyin da | Optimization ayyuka a kowane aikin yanki. Shi ne mafi tasiri a lokacin da samfurin kewayon ne in mun gwada m da kuma kungiyar yanke shawarar da yafi wannan irin management ayyuka | Babu wani daga cikin raka'a matsayin dukan ba ya son a cimma kungiya a raga, tsokani rikice-rikice tsakanin sassan. Matsalolin a shiri na wata ma'aikata ajiye m saboda specialization na tsakiya manajoji. Da jinkirin amsa ga canje-canje a cikin external yanayi |
| rundunar | The rabuwa da kungiyar a cikin raka'a ta irin kaya ko ayyuka, abokin ciniki kungiyoyin ko yankuna | Tasiri tsarin na manyan, geographically tarwatsa kamfanoni tare da fadi da kewayon dukiya ko ayyuka. Yana ba ka damar mayar da hankali a kan takamaiman kaya (sabis), mabukaci kungiyoyin ko yankuna. Amsa da sauri zuwa ga canje-canje a cikin fasahar, mabukaci bukatar da gasar yanayi | A karuwa a halin kaka hade tare da kwafi na aikin (ciki har da executable aikin raka'a) a cikin daban-daban ƙungiyoyin |
| zane | A wucin gadi tsarin halitta su magance wata takamaiman matsala, wata iyaka lokaci. Karkashin jagorancin wani aikin sarrafa wanda shi ne batun wata tawagar kwararru a cikin mallaki dole albarkatu | All ma'aikata na kokarin da nufin warware wata matsala musamman | Shi ba zai yiwu ya samar da cikakken ko tabbacin aiki na mahalarta na aikin bayan ta kammala. Matsaloli tare da cunkoso umurninSa, kuma hanya kasafi |
| matrix | The kungiyar da aka raba wani matrix tsarin (yawanci - aikin) raka'a, tare da nada aikin manajoji da suke ƙarƙashin m management. A aiwatar da aikin manajoji zuwa dan lokaci duba da ayyukan ma'aikata na aikin ƙungiyoyin ba. A duk da cewa shi ne bayan da ikon yinsa, daga aikin ayyukan, wadannan ma'aikata ne ƙarƙashin shugabanni daga su sassan | A sassauci da kuma gudun mayar da martani ga canje-canje a cikin external yanayi. Da yiwuwar m reallocation albarkatun | Take hakkin da manufa na hadin kai na umurnin saboda biyu karkashi na ma'aikata. Ana zargin rikice-rikice a cikin kasafi na albarkatun gona |
Saboda haka, yankan shawara a kan tsarin siga, yana da muhimmanci a san da la'akari da amfani ko rashin amfani, kazalika da tasiri na dalilai kamar da kasuwanci sikelin, ta bayani dalla-dalla, da rashin tabbas na yanayi, da halaye na masana'antu a cikin abin da mahaluži aiki, da sauransu. Universal irin tsarin domin dukan lokatai da basu wanzu.
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