Unicellular algae: tsarin fasali. Wakilai daga unicellular algae

A karkashin ruwa duniya ya ko da yaushe ya janyo hankulan wani mutum da ya kwanyarsa, unprecedented kyakkyawa, bambancin da unexplored asirai. Amazing Animals, mai ban mamaki da tsire-tsire na daban-daban masu girma dabam - duk wadannan m kwayoyin kada ka bar kowa sha'aninsu dabam. Bugu da kari a bayyane ido na babbar jinsunan Flora, akwai kuma kankanin, foreseeable kawai karkashin wani microscope, amma wannan ba ya rasa da muhimmancin da kuma muhimmancin a total biomass daga cikin teku. Wannan guda-celled algae. Idan ka dauki jimlar samar da kwayoyin halitta generated da karkashin ruwa shuke-shuke da cewa samar da mafi yawan shi ne su, wadannan kananan da kuma ban mamaki tãlikai.

Algae: general halaye

A general, algae - a Subkingdom Lower shuke-shuke. Sun kasance a cikin kungiyar a kan filaye da cewa su jiki ba bambanta gabobin, kuma ya wakilci wani m (wani lokacin dissected) thallus ko thallus. Maimakon haka, tushen tsarin suna da arziki ga abin da aka makala ga substrate a cikin hanyar rhizoids.

Wannan rukuni na kwayoyin ne sosai yawa, bambancin a tsari da kuma tsarin, hanyar rayuwa da kuma wuraren. Akwai da wadannan sassan na wannan iyali:

• ja.
• ruwan kasa;
• kore.
• zinariya.
• diatoms.
• cryptophytae.
• yellow-kore.
• euglenophytes.
• dinoflagellate.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan sassan iya hada guda-celled algae da kuma wakilai daga kwayar thallus. Wadannan siffofin kwayoyin kuma sami:

• mulkin mallaka.
• filamentous.
• A yardar kaina.
• a haɗe da sauransu.

Ãyõyi ga rarrabuwa za ka iya samun mutane da yawa. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci determinants a m sharuddan - wata hanya zuwa sha da makamashi. Wakilai kore unicellular algae ne duk autotrophs, mafi kwayar kwayoyin daga cikin wannan aji da kuma gudanar da wani photosynthesis. Duk da haka, akwai heterotrophic, mixotrophic kuma ko da parasitic siffofin.

Za mu yi nazarin a mafi daki-daki cikin tsari, da inganta rayuwar jama'a da haifuwa Wakilai aka celled kwayoyin na zuwa daban-daban algae azuzuwan. Kimanta rawar da suka taka a cikin yanayi da kuma rayuwar dan Adam.

Tsarin fasali na unicellular algae

Mene ne takamaiman siffofin da cewa ba da damar wadannan kananan kwayoyin zama? Da fari dai, ko da yake suna da daya kawai cell, amma shi aikin duk da harshen damo na dukan kwayoyin:

• girma.
• ci gaba;
• abinci mai gina jiki.
• numfashi.
• haifuwa.
• motsi.
• kasafi.

Har ila yau, wadannan guda-celled kwayoyin muhimmi alama na irritability.

A ciki tsarin siffofi guda-celled algae, za a iya mamaki da masu bincike da hannu da ba. A wannan tsarin da kuma wasu gabbansa da kuma a Kwayoyin cewa mafi sosai raya kwayoyin. A cell casing yana da ikon sha da kewaye danshi, ta haka ne, jiki iya kura idon. Wannan damar da algae ya zaunar da more yadu, ba kawai a cikin tekuna, tekuna da sauran ruwa jikinsu, amma kuma a kan ƙasar.

tare da kayyade abu na tsakiya ne duk members, fãce ga blue-kore algae, wanda suke prokaryotic kwayoyin. Har ila yau kunshe a cikin misali kwayoyin halitta da ake bukata:

• mitochondria.
• cytoplasm.
• endoplasmic reticulum.
• Golgi na'ura;
• lysosomes.
• ribosomes.
• cell cibiyar.

Feature ne gaban plastid dauke da wani musamman pigment (chlorophyll, xanthophyll, phycoerythrin, da dai sauransu). Har ila yau ban sha'awa shi ne gaskiya cewa single-celled algae iya matsar da yardar kaina a cikin ruwa shafi ta hanyar daya ko fiye flagella. Duk da haka, ba duk iri. Akwai ma a haɗe zuwa substrate siffar.

Rarraba da mazauninsu

Saboda da kananan size da kuma wasu tsarin fasali, guda-celled algae sun iya yada a duniya. Sun zauna:

• sabo ruwa.
• tekuna da kuma tekuna.
• fadama.
• surface na duwatsu, itatuwa, duwatsu,
• iyakacin duniya da bayyana rufe da dusar ƙanƙara da kankara;
• aquariums.

Inda suka kawai ba za a iya samu! Saboda haka, nostokovye unicellular algae, misalai na blue-kore, ko cyanobacteria - mazaunan permafrost Antarctica. Saboda da abun da ke ciki na daban-daban pigments, wadannan kwayoyin suna banmamaki ado da ake yin dusar ƙanƙara mai faɗi. Yana stains cikin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ruwan hoda, da shunayya, kore, da shunayya, da blue launuka, wanda, ba shakka, alama da kyau sosai.

Green unicellular algae, misalai na wanda zai iya haifar da irin wannan: chlorella trentepohlia, chlorococcum, pleurococcus - rayuwa a farfajiya na itatuwa, rufe su haushi kore shafi. Sun yi sayan guda launi daga cikin farfajiya da duwatsu, a saman Layer na ruwa, ƙasar, cliffs da kuma sauran wurare. Sun kasance a cikin rukuni na ƙasa ko m algae.

A general, wakilan da unicellular algae ne duk kewaye da mu, kamar lura da su mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da hange. A cikin ruwa, da iska, a kan surface, a cikin ƙasa, tsirrai da dabbobi rayuwa a cikin ja, kore da kuma zinariya algae, kuma cyanobacteria.

Sake bugun, kuma salon

Game da hanyar rayuwa mai tsiren ruwan teku ya ce a kowane hali. Wasu mutane fi son zuwa taso kan ruwa da yardar kaina a cikin ruwa, kafa phytobenthos. Sauran iri dabbobi sanya a cikin jiki, nishadantarwa da su a cikin wani dankantakar halitta. Duk da haka wasu kawai a haɗe zuwa substrate da kuma siffar mazauna da kuma filaments.

Amma da multiplication na unicellular algae - wani tsari kama a duk wakilan. Wannan shi ne wata al'ada vegetative rabo biyu, mitosis. A jima'i tsari ne sosai rare da kawai a karkashin m yanayi na zama.

Sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, an rage wa na gaba mataki.

1. Preparatory. The salula ke tsirarwa, kuma tasowa, accumulates gina jiki.
2. Rage organelle motsi (flagella).
3. A DNA kwafi tsari zai fara kuma lokaci daya samuwar mai gangara constriction.
4. Centromere kayyade abu ne miƙa zuwa daban-daban zura sandunan ɗaukarsa.
5. Padding rufe, da kuma cell ya raba biyu.
6. Cytokinesis faruwa lokaci guda tare da duk wadannan matakai.

A sakamakon - wani sabon yar Kwayoyin m ga iyaye. Su gama ginin m sassa na jiki da kuma fara wani zaman kanta rayuwa, ci gaba da kuma ci gaba. Saboda haka, unicellular samfurori rai sake zagayowar fara da ƙare da rarraba su da kyau.

Tsarin fasali na kore unicellular algae

Babban alama - mai arzikin koren launi, wanda shi ne mai cell. Ya bayyana cewa, a matsayin wani ɓangare na plastid pigment chlorophyll mamaye. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wadannan kwayoyin ne iya photosynthesis, samar da kwayoyin halitta wa kansa kadai. Wannan fi mayar da dangantaka da su zuwa ga mafi girma ƙasa na Flora.

Har ila yau, tsarin fasali na kore unicellular algae ne a cikin wadannan dokokin general.

1. Kayayyakin gina jiki - sitaci.
2. Wannan organelle kamar chloroplast aka kewaye da wani biyu membrane cewa an samu a cikin mafi girma da shuke-shuke.
3. Don matsar da yin amfani da flagella, m, ko ɓamɓaroki. Akwai iya zama daga daya har zuwa 6-8.

Babu shakka cewa tsarin da kore unicellular algae sa su musamman da kuma kusa da sosai shirya wakilan terrestrial jinsunan.

Wanda nasa ne wannan sashen? Mafi shahara wakilan:

• chlamydomonas.
• Volvox.
• chlorella.
• pleurococcus.
• euglena kore.
• akrosifoniya da sauransu.

Bari mu bincika ka an daga wadannan kwayoyin.

chlamydomonas

Wannan yana nufin da wakilin wannan sashen, a matsayin kore guda-celled algae. Chlamydomonas - shi ne mafi yawa ruwa tare kwayoyin ciwon wasu siffofin na tsarin. An halin tabbatacce phototaxis (motsi zuwa ga haske source), saboda gaban a gaban ƙarshen photosensitive Kwayoyin eyelet.

A nazarin halittu rawar da Chlamydomonas shi ne cewa shi ne a samar da oxygen a lokacin photosynthesis, mai muhimmanci da abinci source don dabbobi. Har ila yau, wannan ne alga haddasawa "blooming" na ruwa a jikinsu. Sel an sauƙi horar da a wucin gadi yanayi, don haka zabi Chlamydomonas Genetics a matsayin abu na bincike da kuma gwaje-gwaje gwajen.

chlorella

Unicellular algae Chlorella ma da dangantaka da wani kore sashen. Its main bambanci daga dukkan wasu da cewa ta na zaune ne kawai a sabo da ruwa, amma shi ne bã tãre da cell flagella. Photosynthetic damar damar yin amfani da chlorella a matsayin tushen oxygen a cikin sarari (a kan jirãge, da makamai masu linzami).

Tu tantanin halitta na dauke da sa na musamman na gina jiki da kuma bitamin da cewa yin wannan alga da aka sosai mai daraja a matsayin abinci ga dabbobi. Ko da wani mutum cin abinci da shi zuwa ga ci shi zai zama sosai da amfani, saboda 50% na gina jiki a cikin abun da ke ciki m, a cikin makamashi darajar da yawa amfanin gona. Duk da haka, a matsayin abinci ga mutane, shi ne har yanzu ba a kama a kan.

Amma chlorella an yi amfani da nasara ga nazarin halittu ruwa tsarkakewa. Watch wannan kwayoyin iya zama a cikin wani gilashi ganga tare da m ruwa. A ganuwar kafa wani m shafi na kore. Wannan shi ne chlorella.

euglena kore

Unicellular algae ne euglena kore, wanda nasa ne da sashen euglenophytes. Sabon abu, elongated tare da nuna karshen na jiki siffar sa shi daban-daban daga wasu. Shi ma yana da wani haske-m ido da kuma flagella ga aiki motsi. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, euglena - mixotrophy. Yana za a iya powered iri-irin, amma a mafi yawan lokuta shi daukawa fitar da tsari na photosynthesis.

Na dogon lokaci akwai jayayya game da akidar da kwayoyin zuwa wani mulki. A cewar kara siffofi da wani dabba, a kan sauran - a shuka. Yana zaune a cikin najasa ruwan kwayoyin sharan.

pleurococcus

Wannan taso keya kore kwayoyin da cewa rayuwa a kan duwatsu, duniya, da na dutse, da na itace. Samar da wata bluish-kore patina a saman. A nasa ne da iyali Hetoforovye kore algae Division.

Wannan pleurococcus iya kewaya a cikin dazuzzuka, kamar yadda settles kawai a gefen arewa na itatuwa.

diatoms

Algae ne unicellular diatom jinsin da kuma duk alaka da shi. Tare da suke samar da diatoms, waxanda suke da daban-daban ban sha'awa alama. A saman cell rufe tare da wani kyakkyawan patterned harsashi, a kan wanda wani juna na da wata halitta salts silicon da oxide. Wani lokaci wadannan alamu ne don haka m cewa ga alama kamar yadda idan wannan shi ne wasu gine-gine da tsarin ko da wani m zanen da artist.

A tsawon lokaci, da wakilan da matattu diatoms dokoki muhimmanci da adibas na duwatsu, wadda ake amfani da mutumin. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na cell aka mamaye xanthophylls, don haka da launi na wadannan zinariya algae. Su ne mai muhimmanci da abinci ga marine dabbobi, domin su samar da wani gagarumin ɓangare na plankton.

ja algae

Yana da wadannan iri, da launi na wanda dabam daga haske ja zuwa orange da Maroon. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na cell aka mamaye sauran pigments cewa hana chlorophyll. Mu ne sha'awar da ja algae, unicellular siffofin.

Don wannan kungiyar ne da mulkin aji bangievyh algae, wanda qunshi game da 100 jinsunan. Daga cikin wadannan, a mahimmin juzu'in kunshi guda-celled. Babban bambancin shi ne da predominance na carotenes da xanthophylls, phycobilins na chlorophyll. Wannan bayyana zanen sashen wakilan. Akwai da dama ya fi na kowa kwayoyin tsakanin unicellular ja algae:

• porfiridium.
• hrootetse.
• geotrihum.
• asterotsitis.

Babban mazauninsu - teku da kuma ruwayen marine a temperate latitudes. A yammacin sahara, suna da yawa rarer.

Porfiridium

Watch sanaki unicellular algae jinsin, kuma kowa da kowa iya. Su samar da jini-ja fim a ƙasa, ganuwar da sauran rigar saman. Kadaitaccen halittun da wuya, mafi yawa tara a mazauna kewaye da gamsai.

Man amfani don nazarin matakai kamarsu photosynthesis a unicellular da kuma samuwar polysaccharide kwayoyin a cikin kwayoyin.

Hrootetse

Wannan alga ne ma unicellular kuma nasa ne da Sashen ja, aji bangievyh. Its main bayãnin hukuncin alama - shi ne samuwar mucous "kafafunsa" don haɗa zuwa substrate. Sha'awa, wannan "kafa" na jiki na iya wuce girman kusan sau 50. Gamsai aka samar da tantanin halitta da kanta a cikin tsari na rayuwa.

Settles wannan jiki a kasa ma ya samar da wata bayyane ja shafi, m ga tabawa.