Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin: biography, jerin littattafan da kuma ban sha'awa facts

87 shekaru na rayuwa daga cikin mutane tare da wani dukan zamanin. Da suka fito a cikin hadisai na gargajiya wallafe-wallafe, ya yi kokari don yin tunãni a cikin littafan su, wani sabon irin gwarzo, haife shi a daban-daban tarihi yanayi. A cikin babban labari, ya kawo har ƙarni da dama, mamaye daga gare shi ne ba da wani akida sadaukar da ka'idojin da akida na daga gaskiya da aminci, juriya a cimma nasarar da kowa jin kunya, wanda kanta Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin ya kasance da aminci da kuma aikata ga wallafe-wallafen aikin, da kuma a rai.

"Ina ganin zan kasance mai kaifin baki yaro ..."

Ya shi ne auta yaro a wani babban iyali na soja mawaki Alexander Abramovich Zilber, wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Omsk dakaru rajimanti. Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin aka haife shi a spring of 1902, lokacin da mafi yawan iyali fiye da shekaru 5 da suke zaune a Pskov. Sun duk hazaka yara 6 Zilber, baya kai da tsanani Heights ba kawai a music amma kuma a kimiyya. Alal misali, Alexander ya zama wani shahararren mawaki kuma shugaba, wanda ya dauki pseudonym koguna daga baya, Elena - musicologist, Leo - kafa na dukan Soviet kimiyya makaranta na Medical Virology.

Fayyace na ilimi da kuma m al'adunmu na nan gaba rayuwa na yara Kapellmeister Zilber sun fi mayar da binta zuwa ga uwarsa - Anne Grigorevne. Ta kasance mai pianist, wani digiri na biyu na Moscow Conservatory, lafiya da ilimi da kuma bude shiryayye, wanda sanya su gidan wani fitaccen wuri domin sadarwa Progressive Matasa lardin Pskov. Babu shakka cewa, a karkashin tasirin da take da nan gaba marubuci aka sauri gabatar da karatu.

Favorite marubucin - Stevenson

Ya zama knigoglotatelem mamaye manyan yawa na adabi na daban-daban Properties: tãtsũniyõyin mutãnen Andersen da Perrault, littattafan Dickens da Viktora Gyugo, ayyukan da Rasha litattafansu, kasada litattafan da Fenimore Cooper da Aimard, da labaru na Sherlock Holmes da kuma tabloid kadan littattafai game da daraja 'yan fashi da kuma bincike,. Kamar yadda daga baya ya tuna Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin, ya musamman na son Robert Stevenson, ya bugi ikon mallaki hankali ba tare da ajiye, ta hanyar "ikon kalmomi kama, haihuwar da ta al'ajibi na art."

Bayan da uwa tasa, da bai wa ci gaban yara mai yawa da hankali, wani babban suna ga yaro yana da wani mazan wa Leo. A mutumin da ke da babban tasiri a kan wallafe-wallafen dandani na gaba marubuci, kuma shuka a cikin shi wata sha'awar ga adabi, ya zama wani aboki da classmate na Leo - Yuri Tynyanov - daga baya wani shahararren wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri da kuma marubuci, author of "Na biyu Lieutenant Kizhe", "Kuchle" da "Mutuwa Wazir-Mukhtar" . Tynyanov wani dogon lokaci ya zama gaskiya aboki kuma Kaverina. Ina mamaki da abin da ya daga baya aure 'yar'uwar Leo kuma Veni - Elena, kuma ya Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin aka baya aure ta zuwa ga tsawon rai a kan Tynianov yar'uwarsa - Lydia.

ta jami'o'i

Lokacin horo a cikin Pskov lardin dakin motsa jiki, inda ya shafe shekaru 6 da haihuwa, da ne kawai matsala ga Kaverina ya lissafi. Tare da ya high-makaranta sau ya yi ƙoƙari ya rubuta wakoki, wanda a wancan lokacin ya na kowa ga matasa maza da agaji zuciyarsu.

Kaverina ƙananan yara, ya ƙare a 1918 bayan kama Pskov da Jamus da kuma sojojin makarantar sakandare ya gama a Moscow. Akwai da ya shiga jami'a. Sa'an nan, ya mayar da su cikin babban birnin kasar - Petrograd. Akwai, ta hanyar Tynianov, hanyoyi da yawa shahararrun marubuta - Shklovskii, E. Schwartz, Sun Ivanov, et al. Zaman adabi, musamman prosody, Kaverin da kuma yin mafarki. Veniamin Aleksandrovich, wanda biography ya zama a sakamakon wani misali na sadaukarwa da sabis na Rasha adabi, samu da farko m darussa a hanya. A mafi m wa poetic halittun nuna kansa da Osip Mandelstam: "Daga mutane kamar ku, shayari dole ne a kiyaye!".

The waka da aka gama, Kaverin da kuma yanke shawarar da ya nutsu da kansa ga kimiyya. Ya fada wa Istfil Petrograd University, kuma a lokaci guda wani Larabawa reshe na Cibiyar Living Oriental Harsuna.

A farko kwarewa marubuci

Kuma duk da haka shawo kan craving for rubutu Kaverin aka ba fated. Wata rana bayan jarrabawa sadaukar Lobachevskii ka'idar, sai ya ga wani Poster na adabi hamayya, aka gudanar da House of Writers. Minti goma, wanda ya dauki hanya zuwa cikin gidan, sa'an nan ya kira Kaverin m, gane da babban fasali ransa. Ya yanke shawarar da ya tafi zuwa ga litattafan da yana tunani labarinsa, wanda zai dauki bangare a cikin gasar.

A farko prosaic kwarewa Kaverina kira "goma sha ɗaya axiom" da aka alama kawai uku kyauta. Jimlar 3,000 rubles kawai dade na shida toffee - don haka devalued kudi a 1920, amma shi ne ya fara wallafe-wallafen fee, da ya fara samun nasara a matsayin marubuci. Game da shi ko da yaushe tuna Kaverin. Veniamin Aleksandrovich - biography, jerin littattafan da aka buga, a duniya, sun shaida daga high estimation na ta aiki da kuma iyawa - da ƙarshen kwana tuna da shida butterscotch.

"Serapion Brothers"

Fabrairu 1, 1921, taron na farko na adabi da'irar, da ake kira "Serapion 'yan'uwa." A baya tarurruka samu halartar da yawa "sympathizers" da kuma mabiya, amma canonical tsarin da aka akai: Lev Luntz, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Ilya Gruzdev Nikolay Nikitin, Elena Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky, Konstantin Fedin. Daya daga cikin m mambobi ne na jam'iyya ya zama Kaverin. Veniamin Aleksandrovich, waɗanda ayyukansu suka fara a lokacin don bayyana a kai a kai a cikin latsa kuma rayayye halarci tarurruka. Ya kasance da aminci ga " 'yan'uwantaka" da m ka'idojin shelar su zuwa karshen - Kaverin da shekaru hamsin da daga baya ya zamo farkon "Serapion Chronology" - Feb 1 - kamar yadda mafi muhimmanci hutu.

Kuma waɗannan ka'idodi ba nadiri a lokacin. A sosai sunan, aro ta kafa ubanninmu na da'irar a cikin tarin gajejjeran labaru, litattafansu na Jamus Romanticism Ernest Teodora Amadeya Hoffmann, ya yi magana da cikakken rashin tunani siyasa. A wannan tarin aka ambata wallafe-wallafen al'umma, mai suna girmama na almara Kirista sufi da ascetic Serapion, da shela da babban darajar da wallafe-wallafen aikin quality, ba tare da game da akida da kuma ra'ayin siyasa, marubucin, shi ne a cikin shekara ta uku ta Soviet ikon kusan wata tsokana.

m lokaci

Ba da da ewa da "yan'uwa" ya bayyana naivete na daraja da muradi. Akida da bambance-bambance tsakanin su fara bayyana duk more fili. "A kasashen yammaci" - Luntz, Kaverin, Slonim - sanya sama da sauran labarin, kasada nau'o'i, "gabas reshe" - Zoshchenko, Sun Ivanov - kula da su bayyana rayuwar yau da kullum tare da jama'a motifs. Bambanci a cikin wallafe-wallafen manyan al'amurra da farko bai hana adana daga cikin dayantaka na m da kuma sada zumunci, amma a karkashin iko naushe na aikin hukuma zargi da rai yanayi da kuma shi rushe.

Lokaci share "yan'uwa" a kan daban-daban bangarorin, sa wasu babba adawar. Luntz a 1924, takaici, rasu farkon. Ivanov, Slonim, Nikitin ya zama m raira waƙa da pathos na neman sauyi gwagwarmaya. Tikhonov da Fedin daga baya sun shagaltar da m mukamai a kungiyar Soviet Writers, rigidly rike da jam'iyyar line, ba sunã rãyar da wani amincewarsa. Lokacin da, bayan shekarar 1946 a karkashin karfi matsa lamba na akida tilasta yin aiki da aka Zoshchenko, kawai daya daga cikin "Serapion Brothers" to taimaka masa da kuma kiyaye shi dumi dangantakar - Veniamin Kaverin. Ya karshe m dangantakar da Fedin, a lõkacin da ya a 1968 bai da damar da littafin "Cancer Ward" Solzhenitsyn.

Hard aiki da kuma biyayya ga ka'idojin

A "serapionovskie" sau da kafa proletarian adabi Maxim Gorky lura da cewa daya daga cikin mafi talented marubuta na ƙaramin tsara - Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin. "Biyu shugabannin" (1940-1945) - wani labari, wanda yafi aiwatuwa da marubuci sunan, - a cewar jita-jita, Stalin ya sosai m, kuma shi amince da awarding Kaverina a shekarar 1946 Stalin Prize, bayan da a saki na biyu littafin game da Kasadar na Sani Grigorieva. Mai girma shahararsa dadin "Wishes" (1935-1936) da kuma "Open Littafi" (1953-1956). A lokacin yakin, Kaverin ya aiki a Arewa jiragen ruwa, wanda ya sa aka bayar da Order of Red Star.

Zai yiwu duk wannan ya taimaka Kaverin kauce wa harin ramuwar gayya, kamar waɗanda suka yi mashi ya mazan wa Leo, da dama na gudanar da bincike a fagen virology gudanar yayin da a sansani. Stalin wata wasika tambayar ya saki aka sanya hannu kuma Kaverin. Official zargi akai-akai buga a kan marubucin, zargin da littafinsa apolitical da kuma nishadi.

Duk da wannan, marubuci ban yaudareshi ba imani. Ya halarci bazawa na anthology "Literary Moscow" (1956), a dakatar da jam'iyyar hukumomi. Kaverin fili ki shiga a tsananta Boris Pasternak a shekarar 1958, ya ba da wasika a cikin tsaro na Sinyavsky da Daniyel, da ya yi yaƙi domin da littafin da littattafai da Mikhail Bulgakov da Solzhenitsyn.

The Legacy of marubuci, kuma mutum

Zai yiwu na aikin hukuma ya dace a matsayinsa kujera marubuci ba shi da wata babbar tasiri a kan taro sani da mutum zukatan masu karatu. Amma irin wannan ra'ayi ba za a iya dauke shi abun dogaro, ba da girma da kuma ingancin da rubuce Kaverin.

"Biyu shugabannin" kawai a lokacin da marubuci ta rayuwa Aka sake buga shi fiye da sau 70, shi kuma "bude littafin" akai-akai yin fim. Karanta mutane san abubuwa kamar "Accuser, ko da yamma a Vasilevsky Island" (1928), "Unknown abokai" (1957), "Bakwai nau'i-nau'i daga ƙazantu" (1962), "Biyu Vertical" (1963), "O. Senkovskiy (Baron Brambeus) "(1929, 1964)," Kafin madubi "(1972) da sauransu.

Shi ne marubucin yawa gajejjeran labaru, da kuma makala, da dama, na yara tatsuniyoyi. A musamman sawu ya bar tunanin, musamman cikin littafin "Epilogue" (1979-1989), edited a kan wanda ya yi aiki har na karshe sa'o'i kafin ya tashi, wanda ya faru a watan Mayu 1989. Amma ko da wadannan kundin ba zai iya gaya maka duk game da rayuwar Veniamina Aleksandrovicha Kaverina. A gaskiya fuskar wannan marubuci kuma mutumin da aka ceto da kuma cikin memoirs na Sahaban bayan shekaru da dama, da kuma ikon yinsa na talanti ɗaya, kamar yadda muka gani da yawa wallafe-wallafen masu sukar da kuma talakawa masu karatu sun tukuna don kimanta real.