Wa? Ir? Ira da haruffa na Rasha harshen? Yadda ya yi da Rasha haruffa?

Rawar da rubutu a cikin ci gaban al'umma ba za a iya overemphasized. Ko kafin zuwan mu saba haruffa na zamanin d mutane bar lamba a kan daban-daban da duwatsu da kankara. Da farko akwai da hotuna, sa'an nan suka maye gurbinsu da haruffa. A karshe akwai more dace aika da fahimta bayanai wasika da taimakon haruffa. Bayan wani karni da kuma Millennium, wadannan alamu-alamomin taimaka da sake gina baya na mutane da yawa. A musamman rawa a wannan harka taka leda Monuments rubuce-rubuce: daban-daban kafa na dokokin da hukuma takardun, da wallafe-wallafen ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma memoirs na shahararren mutane.

Yau, sanin wanda ya? Ir? Ira da haruffa na Rasha harshen, shi ne mai nuni da ba kawai da ilimi ci gaban mutum, amma kuma kayyade ta hali zuwa cikin ƙasar da aka haife shi, kuma ya rayu.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

A gaskiya, da dalilin halittar haruffa aza Phoenicians a karshen da 2nd Millennium BC. e. Suka je sama tare da baƙaƙe, wanda aka yi amfani da na dogon lokaci. Daga bisani, da haruffa aro da kuma kyautata Helenawa: shi ya bayyana vowels. A game da 8 karni BC. e. Bugu da ari tarihi na haruffa da Rasha harshen za a iya nuna a cikin makirci: Helenanci wasika - da Latin haruffa - da QFontDatabase Slavic. A karshen bauta a matsayin tushen ga halittar rubutu da dama related al'ummai.

Da samuwar tsoho jihohi

Daga cikin 1st karni AD, da aiwatar da lalata fara kabilan inhabiting da yankin Gabashin Turai da magana mai kowa Proto-Slavic harshe. A sakamakon haka, a cikin kusanci da tsakiyar Dnieper kafa Kievan Rus, wanda daga baya ya zama cibiyar da manyan jihar. Ya ibãda ɓangare na gabashin Slavs, wanda ƙarshe kafa nasu musamman hanyar rayuwa da kuma al'adu. An kara raya da labarin yadda ya zo da Rasha haruffa.

Girma da kuma karfafa Jihar kafa dangantakar tattalin arziki da al'adu da sauran kasashe, musamman yammacin Turai. Kuma ga cewa bukatar rubuce-rubuce, musamman ma tun da Rasha fara kawo farko Church Slavonic littattafai. A lokaci guda akwai wani weakening na kafirci da baza a ko'ina Turai na wani sabon addini - Kiristanci. A sa'an nan, kuma akwai wani gaggawa bukatar ga "firtsi" daga cikin haruffa da wanda sabon koyaswa zai zama isar da dukan da Slavs. Ta zama QFontDatabase haruffa, halitta da "yan'uwan Tasalonika."

Muhimmanci manufa na Constantine da Methodius

A cikin 9th karni 'ya'yan daraja Helenawa Tasalonika a madadin na Byzantine sarki suka tafi Moravia - a lokacin da wani iko a jihar, aka located a cikin iyakoki na ba-rana Slovakia da Jumhuriyar Czech. Su aiki da aka gabatar da Slavs da suka rayu a Gabashin Turai, da koyarwar Almasihu da kuma ra'ayoyi na Orthodoxy, kazalika da gudanar da ibada a cikin su harshe ga yankin. A zabi fadi a kan 'yan'uwa biyu kwatsam: suna da kyau kungiya basira, motsa jiki musamman himma a da karatu. Bugu da kari, duka biyu daidai ƙware Greek kuma Slavic harsuna. Constantine (jim kadan kafin mutuwarsa, bayan da alkawuransu matsayin m, ya aka bai da wani sabon sunan - Cyril, da wanda ya shiga tarihi) da kuma Methodius zama mutane suka qirqiro da haruffa na Rasha harshe. Yana da aka watakila mafi muhimmanci sakamakon manufa a cikin shekara 863.

QFontDatabase

Idan ka ƙirƙiri wani haruffa ga Slavic yan'uwa amfani da Girkanci haruffa. Haruffa corresponded zuwa pronunciation a cikin harsuna na jama'ar kasashen biyu, da suka bar canzawa. Don koma zuwa Slavic magana sauti aka nĩsanta daga Girkawa, 19 sabon ãyõyi aka ƙirƙira. A sakamakon haka, wani sabon haruffa kunshi 43 haruffa, da yawa kuma cikinsu sun bisani ya shiga alphabets cikin al'ummai waɗanda, da zarar ya yi magana guda harshe.

Amma da labarin da suka qirqiro da haruffa na Rasha harshen ba ya kawo karshen akwai. A cikin ƙarni, da Slavs 9-10 iri biyu haruffa sun kowa: QFontDatabase (na wanda aka ambata a sama) da kuma wani Glagolitic. Na biyu yana dauke da karami yawan haruffa - 38 ko 39, da alãmarsu ya fi da wuya. Bugu da kari, da farko alamun ana amfani da su nuna ƙarin lambobi.

Saboda haka, ko Cyril haruffa ƙirƙira?

Domin da dama ƙarni, da masu bincike wuya ba tabbataccen amsar wannan tambaya. A "The Life of Cyril," shi ya lura da cewa "tare da taimakon dan'uwansa ... da kuma dalibai ... shi ne Slavic haruffa ...". Idan haka ne, to, abin da na biyu - QFontDatabase da Glagolitic - shi ne ta halitta? Al'amarin da wahala ta gaskiya cewa rubutum, sanya ko da Cyril da Methodius, aka ba kiyaye su, da kuma daga baya (shafi cikin 9-10 ƙarni) - ba a ambace shi a cikin wani daya daga wadannan alphabets.

Don fahimta suka qirqiro da haruffa na Rasha harshen, da masu bincike gudanar da wani yawa na gudanar da bincike. A musamman, suna idan aka kwatanta da juna da kuma wanzu tun kafin su bayyanar bakake da kuma bincikar daki-daki da sakamakon. Mun ba kai a yarjejeniya, amma mafi yarda cewa Cyril aka fi yiwuwa ƙirƙira Glagolitic shi, ko da a gaban tafiya zuwa Moravia. Wannan yana goyan bayan da cewa da yawan haruffa a shi ya kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga karin lafazi tsarin Old Church Slavonic (musamman ga rubuce-rubuce). Bugu da kari, a cikin burbushi na Glagolitic haruffa a ƙara daban-daban daga Greek da bears kadan kama zuwa zamani rubuce.

QFontDatabase da kyau ya zama tushen ga Rasha haruffa (az + beeches - sunan ta farko haruffa) za a iya halitta da daya daga cikin almajiran Constantine - Clement Ohritskim. Ya mai suna shi a cikin girmamawa malamai.

Formation na Rasha haruffa

Ko da kuwa wanda ya? Ir? Ira da QFontDatabase haruffa, cewa shi ya zama tushen ga halittar zamani Rasha haruffa da kuma haruffa.

A 988 Ancient Rasha zuwa Kristanci, abin muhimmanci shafi al'adar harshe. Tun wannan lokacin samuwar kansa rubuce-rubuce. A hankali Tsohon Rasha harshen, wanda dogara ne a kan haruffa QFontDatabase inganta. Shi tsawon tsari, wanda ya ƙare ne kawai bayan 1917. Sa'an nan an sanya 'yan canje-canje zuwa haruffa, wanda muka yi amfani a yau.

Yadda za a canza QFontDatabase

Kafin Rasha haruffa ya samu look cewa shi ne a yau, ABC-farko manufa ya halartar da dama daga canje-canje. A mafi muhimmanci da sake fasalin ya fara a 1708-10 shekaru a karkashin Bitrus I a 1917-18 bayan juyin juya hali.

Da farko, da QFontDatabase haruffa, shi ne sosai reminiscent na Byzantine wasika, shi ne 'yan karin, doublet, haruffa, misali, n = i, o = ѡ - suna iya an yi amfani da canja wurin da Bulgarian sautuna. Akwai daban-daban lafazi alamomi da cewa ya nuna lafazi, pronunciation breathy.

Kafin zamanin Bitrus I musamman sanya daga haruffa a samansu lambobin - wanda ya yi gabatar da Larabci lissafi.

A farko garambawul (shi aka sa ta cikin larura na jawo sama na aikin takardunku: ABC aka kãma 7 letters: £ (Xi), S (ƙwarai) da aka rubuta a bayanin kula vowels kara Ina da (su maye gurbin data kasance) e (Juyin) Wannan yana yawa Sauki. haruffa, kuma shi zama da aka sani "ƙungiyoyin". a 1783, Karamzin ce da wasika Y. karshe, bayan 1917 na Rasha haruffa haruffa sun bace 4, kuma b (EP) da kuma b (Afis) ya zo nufin kawai ƙarfi kuma softness na baƙaƙe .

Gaba daya ya canza sunan da haruffa. Da farko, kowane daga cikinsu ya wakilci duk kalma, da kuma dukan haruffa, bisa ga yawa masu bincike, da aka cika da musamman ma'anar. Wannan bayyana tunaninsa da kuma hanyar tunani da waɗanda suka ƙirƙira da haruffa. Rasha harshen ya kiyaye da memory na farko haruffa daga cikin sunayen da a karin magana, kuma da faxin. Alal misali, "fara daga karce" - wato, daga farkon ... "Gwarzon a izhitsa - m to bulala kusa." Da suka faru da kuma a phraseologisms: "Watch fi'ili."

Ya yabi mai girma saint

Halittar QFontDatabase haruffa ne mafi girma aukuwa ga dukan Slavic duniya. Gabatarwa da rubuce-rubuce a yarda don canja wurin zuwa zuriyarsa tara kwarewa, to gaya ɗaukaka da tarihin samuwar da kuma ci gaban zaman kanta jihohi. Ba su da gangan ce: "Shin, kana so ka san gaskiya - a fara da haruffa."

Shige da karni, akwai sabon binciken. Kuma waɗanda suka je sama tare da haruffa na Rasha harshen, ya tuna da girmama. Hujja da wannan shi ne wani biki, da Rãnar Slavic Wallafe-wallafe, wanda aka gudanar a shekara a kan May 24 bikin, a duniya.