Wanda ya gano ta matsatsiyar Vilkitsky? Yana ina?

Seafarers prerevolutionary Rasha runtumi burin - a sami mai girma hanyar arewacin ruwa, barin zuwa taso kan ruwa da yardar kaina daga Pacific zuwa cikin tekun Atlantic. Da suka isa wuraren zama, domin da babu mutum kafar trod. Sun kasance iya gano sabon asashe da kuma yin m binciken a marine ruwaye.

A cikin watan Satumba 1913 da bincike balaguro sanya mai girma samu. Sai ya juya daga cewa ruwan a kusa da Cape Chelyuskin a arewa, ba su fili teku, da kuma kunkuntar bututu. Daga bisani, wannan ɓangare aka bai wa sunan - mashigar Vilkitsky.

location mashigar

Severnaya Zemlya an rabu da Taimyr Larabawa ne ba fadi da teku ruwa da kuma kunkuntar yanki. Its tsawon ba ya wuce 130 mita. A narrowest ɓangare na matsatsiyar aka located a gundumar Bolshevik Island, inda biyu capes converge - da kuma Chelyuskin Taimyr. Da nisa daga wannan ɓangare na yankin - kawai 56 mita.

Idan ka duba taswira, ya bayyana sarai cewa inda a can ne Vilkitsky mashigar, arewa-maso-gabas da tsibirin Bolshevik yada a kan wani karami yankin. Yana Evgenova mashigar. Ya na ware biyu kankanin tsibirin (Starokadomsky da Kananan Taimyr), located in kudu-maso-gabas da tarin tsiburai daga wani fairly manyan Bolsheviks.

A yamma ne 4 kananan Heiberg Islands. A wannan lokaci, da zurfin ruwan yanki ne a cikin kewayon 100-150 mita. A gabashin ɓangare na matsatsiyar aka saukar zuwa zurfin kan mita 200.

Map fili ya nuna wanda aka haɗa zuwa teku matsatsiyar Vilkitsky. Saboda da kananan bututu tsakanin wani juna ruwan tẽkuna biyu - da Kara da Laptev.

Tarihi na samu na mashigar

Kokarin gano arewacin teku hanya zuwa sama ya fara a cikin marigayi XIX karni. A 1881, a cikin ruwan a kusa da Taimyr, plied jirgin ruwa "Jeannette", umarta ta D. De Long. A yaƙin neman zaɓe ya kasawa: jirgin murƙushe da iko arewacin kankara.

The balaguro jagorancin Swedish Explorer Adolf Erik Nordensheldoma kwarin kunya teku kusa da Severnaya Zemlya a 1878. Duk da haka, da suka kasa gane kunkuntar hanya. Sa'an nan wanda ya gano ta matsatsiyar Vilkitsky?

A 1913, ya gano da expanses na Arctic Ocean aka aiko zuwa ga Rasha balaguro. Matuƙan sun sanye take da biyu jiragen ruwa - "Vaigach" da "Taimyr". Kyaftin na biyu icebreaker kaddamarda B. Vilkitsky. Masu bincike ya dauki hotuna na Coast da kuma tsibiran, warwatse ko'ina cikin Arctic Ocean. Bugu da kari, ya kamata su duba cikin ruwan teku, dace da bayar da damar gudanar da Arewa Waterway. Mariners plying a kan icebreaker "Taimyr", ya m isa ya samu a manyan tarin tsiburai, wanda ya dauki 38 000 m ² na ƙasar. Da farko, a cikin shirin na Boris Vilkitsky, ya aka bai wa sunan Land da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. Yanzu sunansa Severnaya Zemlya.

A wannan balaguro zuwa samu da kuma bayyana 'yan kananan tsibiran. Duniya za su san game da Maly Taimyr Starokadomsky Island da kuma Vilkitsky. A mafi muhimmanci samu na XX karni zai Vilkitsky mashigar. Boris A. kira ruwan da mashigar Tsesarevicha Alekseya.

A sakamakon balaguro sailing

The balaguro, wanda ya fara a 1913, tsawon shekaru fiye da biyu. A karshen kewayawa lokaci 25.11.13 g jiragen ruwa moored a Vladivostokskaya bay Golden Kakakin, to tsira da hunturu iya hakuri a hadari yanayi. A shekara ta 1914, tare da farkon na kewayawa icebreakers, ya fito daga Vladivostok, koma yamma. Shiga jirgin ruwa up da Taimyr jiragen ruwa miƙe domin hunturu a Gulf na Toll. Da zaran kewayawa ya yiwu, su sake fita zuwa cikin teku, inda ya bude hanyar da ta Arewa ta hanyar teku Voyages. Borisu Andreevichu ya iya tabbatar da cewa Arctic tekuna shipping ba labari amma gaskiya.

Ma'ana mashigar

Seafarers sun kasance a kan icebreaker ta mashigar Vilkitsky, ya zama wani muhimmin bangare ne na Bahar Rum Route, wanda a yarda don matsawa da yardar kaina daga Far East zuwa Arkhangelsk. A farko m miƙa mulki na Arctic Ocean, sanya Borisom Andreevichem, aka kammala a cikin watan Satumba 1915 a tashar jiragen ruwa na Arkhangelsk.

Wanda sunan shi mashigar?

Hukumance, sunan ta matsatsiyar, ba a daraja na discoverer na Tsarevich, dade kawai shekara biyu - daga 1916 zuwa 1918. Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, za a sake masa suna ba. Da muhawara game da wanda aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga mashigar Vilkitsky, ba ya kwanta. Wanda sunansa ne ruwa yanki - navigator A. Vilkitsky ko ɗansa, Boris Andreyevich?

Akwai shaida da cewa a 1913-1916, aka raɗa masa suna Andreya Vilkitskogo, shahararren Rasha cartographer. Kuma jayayya da cewa tare da zuwan Soviet sarauta shi aka mai suna "Boris Vilkitsky mashigar." Mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga wanda suka bude ruwa, shi dade har 1954.

Har yanzu, canal aka sake masa suna kawai domin saukaka karanta a cards. Yanke daga sunan wani mutum da sunan, wanda ya jagoranci wani babban balaguro. A cikin katunan fara rubuta sauki - mashigar Vilkitsky. Kuma wannan duk da cewa da haruffan sunan a cikin suna aka dauke da muhimmanci al'amari.

A cikin Arctic, wani babba yawan sunayen ne sunan mahaifin Boris Andreyevich. Sunansa a kira tsibiran, glaciers, da dama capes. Duk da haka, an yi imani da cewa sunan ruwayen ne iya karkatar da gangan shiryar da nasaba da siyasa.

Boris Vilkitsky: facts daga biography

Ba tare da sanin biography hydrograph surveyor, Explorer na Arctic expanses, yana da wuya a bayyana da canje-canje ga sunan matsatsiyar. Rodina Borisa Andreevicha, haife 03.03.1885, da - Pulkovo. Mahaifinsa, Andrew Vilkitsky, almara Explorer.

A digiri na biyu na sojan ruwa yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps, da ciwon da daraja na tushe jami'in a 1904, ya zama memba na Rasha-Japanese yaki. Domin ƙarfin zuciya a cikin bayoneti jarumi ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa bayar da hudu soja umarni. A karshe yaƙi ya aka munanan raunuka, kama da kuma 'yan kasarta.

Bayan da yaki, a hereditary jami'in sauke karatu daga Sojan Ruwa Academy a St. Petersburg. Bayan karatu, ya zama wani ma'aikaci a cikin Main Hydrographic Office of Rasha. Ina da aka tsunduma a gudanar da bincike na Baltic da kuma Far East.

A yakin duniya na farko ya dauki umurnin da hallakarwa "mai tafiyan jirgin sama". Domin kauri foray cikin zangon maqiya ya samu wani lambar yabo ga ƙarfin zuciya - St. George da makamai. Shekaru uku bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, a 1920, wani jami'in GESLO shan yanke shawara da su yi hijira, ya bar Soviet Rasha.

The azãba ga mai m ga motherland

A fili, da m mataki shi ne dalilin da cewa sunan mashigar reinsurers cire sunansa. A wannan yanayin, abin mamaki shi ne cewa hereditary jami'in wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Royal Navy, ba akayi maƙiyi daga cikin mutane da ba a damu da su sa shi a cikin jerin rantsar counterrevolutionaries. Bugu da kari, da sunan fari mãsu hijira ba sharewa daga taswirar Arctic, amma tare da zuwan Soviet ikon tare da shi cire sunan bude kuma suna navigator sunayen. Tsohon suna mashigar Vilkitsky samu a 2004.

By navigator sunayen kara sunansa sake, to a mayar da adalci. Da bude daga cikin matsatsiyar, ta hanyar abin da tabbatar sailing a arewacin ruwa, yau, iyalinsu dauke su a cikin tarihi na duniya most samu na XX karni.