Wasi-wasi a falsafa: manufar, ka'idoji, tarihi, wakilan

Wasi-wasi - falsafar cewa Usul ne m tsatstsauran ra'ayin. Babu shakka, wannan layin da falsafar kimiyya, kuma an halitta shi a kan ra'ayin cewa, wasu daga cikin mutãnen farko sun tara mai yawa da'awar riga data kasance a lokacin yayi.

Daya daga cikin na farko wakilan shakka, Empiricus, a cikin falsafa aiki ya bayyana cewa, a cikin wannan yankin, a gaskiya, da asali kayan aikin tunani - a kwatanta da data na dalilin da ma'ana data, kazalika da 'yan adawa na wadannan bayanai zuwa juna. Shakka sun tambaye ingancin tunanin kanta, musamman cikin tambaya na zama da kuma inganci na akidun - gaskiyar cewa ya kamata a dauka domin ba da ya kamata su yi da'awar for kanta wata shaida da aka.

Duk da haka, shakka matsayin shugabanci na falsafa kimiyya ba la'akari shakka a matsayin muhimman hakkokin manufa - ya yi amfani da shi ne kawai a matsayin polemical makami da magoya bayan akidarsu. Falsafar shakka kamar yadda ya shaida irin wannan manufa, kamar yadda wani sabon abu. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a da bambanci a fili tsakanin shakka yau da kullum (yau da kullum), kimiyya da falsafa.

A yau da kullum sharuddan shakka za a iya bayyana a matsayin wani m jihar mutum da situational rashin tabbas, shakka wani abu. Man-ƙokwanto ko da yaushe rowa bayyana categorical hukuntanka.

Kimiyya shakka - shi ne a fili da kuma consistently gina adawa ga waɗanda masana kimiyya suke a cikin farillai da aka ba bisa empirical shaida. A musamman, shi ya shafi axioms - theorems cewa ba ya bukatar hujjoji.

Wasi-wasi a falsafar - wannan shi ne shugabanci, da mabiya wanda, kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, ya nuna shakku game da wanzuwar abin dogara da ilmi ba. A ta m irin da m iyakance ga sanin gaskiya da kuma farfado hani da duk theories da shiriritar. Domin su, falsafa, ciki har da daya da suka bi, shi ne wani nau'i ne na kimiyya-kamar shayari, amma ba kimiyya a cikin purest siffan. Yana yana da nasaba da sanannen bayani: "Falsafa - ba kimiyya!"

Wasi-wasi a falsafa: yadda za a ci gaba da shugabanci na

A tarihin shakka aka waning, da depletion na sauka a hankali yanayi. Haife wannan yanki a zamanin tsohuwar Girka, a tsakiyar zamanai taka sosai qananan rawa, da kuma sake farfado a cikin zamanin da canji (a lokacin dawo da Greek falsafa), a lokacin da shakka aka sake haihuwarsu a wani milder nau'i na sabon falsafa, kamar subjectivism da positivism.

Wasi-wasi a falsafa: wakilan

The kafa na makaranta na Greek shakka Pyrrho dauke da cewa, bisa ga wasu ra'ayoyin, da janar karatu a India. Bugu da kari, da tsoho shakka a mayar da martani ga tarin zahirin tsatstsauran ra'ayin gabatar da irin wannan masana falsafa a matsayin Arcesilaus (talakawan Academy) da abin da ake kira "marigayi" shakka Agaribas, Sextus Empiricus, Enesidemom. A musamman, Enesidem sau daya da goma tropes (ka'idojin) skeptizizma. Shida na farko - shi ne bambanci mutane, da mutum jihohin halittu masu rai, da ji gabobin, tattalinsu, wuraren, nisa, abubuwan da su sadarwa. A karshe hudu daga cikin manufa - shi ne mai gauraye zama na tsinkãyi abu da sãshe, dangantakar a general, da dogara a kan wani adadi tsinkaye, dangane da dokar, dabi'u, ilimi, addini da kuma ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa.

A mafi muhimmanci wakilan shakka Srednevevekovya da zamani ne David Hume kuma M. Montel.

Wasi-wasi a falsafa: zargi

Criticism of shakka, musamman, tsunduma a Vaughan Lewis da Theodore Schick, wanda ya rubuta, kamar yadda shakka mãsu yaƙni ba cewa masaniyar da ake bukata domin kai amincewa, ta yaya za su san cewa wannan gaskiya ne. Shi ne ma'ana cewa sun san cewa za su iya ba. Wannan tambaya ba tsanani dalilin to shakka cewa sanarwa na shakka, cewa ilimi dole bukatar amincewa. Kamar yadda dokokin dabaru, shakka shi ne zai yiwu ba kawai shakka, amma ya kalubalanci shi a matsayin dukan. Amma a matsayin mu na gaskiya ne nisa ba kawai daga ma'ana dokoki (akwai a rayuwarmu sanya baro da kuma inexplicable paradoxes), irin wannan zargi fĩfĩta su saurara da kyau, saboda "akwai wani cikakken shakka, saboda haka, ba dole ba ne cewa shakka zai shakka a bayyane abubuwa."