Watershed - a ... Iri watersheds. River tasa na Volga - mafi girma a Turai

Watershed - wani ra'ayi, wanda aka tsunduma a cikin binciken na kimiyya na hydrology. Mene ne jigon da ma'anar manufar kimiyya? Abin da iri watersheds bambanta masana kimiyya? Amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi - a cikin labarin.

Watershed - shi ne ... Definition

A wannan duniya tamu, dubban koguna. Kuma kowanne daga cikinsu tattara ruwa daga wannan yanki. Watershed - wani al'amari ne line kõma a kan ƙasa. Kafin mu ayyana jigon wannan ra'ayi ya zama saba da wasu sauran terminology. Waɗannan ƙungiyõyi biyu ne hydrological Concepts: kogi tsarin da kogin kwari.

A kogin tsarin - ne ruwa tsarin, wanda ya kunshi babban kogin, da dukan aikin gandu. A karkashin kogin tasa shi ake nufi da cewa yanki daga abin da duk ruwa (duka surface da kuma karkashin kasa) accumulates a wani musamman kogin tsarin. Yanzu za ka iya ba mai ma'ana da kuma bayyana definition daga cikin kogin watershed.

Watershed - wani layin delimiting da ke makwabtaka da kogin daruna. A duwatsu ko m yankunan shi ne aka bayyana mafi fili, da kuma filayen - shi ne mafi rauni. A duwãtsu na watershed Lines sau da yawa gudu tare da crests da ridges. A wannan yanayin ruwa ya kwarara da kuma hazo directed zuwa daban-daban tarnaƙi na dagi (a tarnaƙi).

A cikin filayen kwari watershed za a iya bayyana a fili a cikin sauƙi. Haka kuma, a cikin wadannan yankunan da layin iya ko da a muhallinsu a daya shugabanci ko wani a kan lokaci ko dangane da kakar.

The main iri watersheds

Watershed raba da daruna na daban-daban tekuna ko ake sanya fannin wani m dake kwarara, kira nahiyar. Alal misali, a Amirka, wannan layin gudanar tare da mafi ridges kuma kololuwa na Cordillera da Andes.

A Turai, mafi muhimmanci watersheds ne Alps, Scandinavian Mountains, kazalika da Valdai Hills. A cikin makon landforms Kwatsam daga uku da manyan koguna: da Volga, Dnieper da kuma yammacin Dvina. Kowanne daga abin da take ɗauke da ruwanta a cikin daban-daban tekuna - da Caspian, Black kuma Baltic bi da bi.

Bugu da kari, m rarrabe karkashin kasa da kuma surface watersheds. A farko daya raba boye ruwa catchments, da kuma na biyu - surface. Kuma ba su ko da yaushe ta zo daidai da juna.

Wani lokaci manufar da watershed da ake amfani da bambance mutum manyan siffofin da ƙasa ta sauƙi. Alal misali, Orinoco - kogin da shi ne a watershed tsakanin da Guiana tsaunuka da Andes a kudancin Amirka. Duk da haka, wannan wording ba duka daidai daga ra'ayi na hydrological kimiyya.

A binciken da na watersheds

A binciken da na al'ada topographic Lines aka bayyana a sama ne babban kimiyya da m muhimmancin. Musamman lõkacin da ta je aiki ci gaban mutum Gwargwadon sarari.

Saboda haka, a lokacin da zayyana gadoji, dams ko ikon shuke-shuke a kan kogin, ku kawai bukatar da wani tunani kan yadda za a wuce da watershed layi a wani musamman yankin. More muhimmanci, wani cikakken nazari na watersheds a cikin shiryawa da manyan kududdufai. Wannan shi ne zama dole domin a daidai lissafi matsakaicin adadin m nan gaba tafki cika.

Volga kogin kwari da kuma ta watershed

Volga - mafi girma a kogin tsarin a Turai, wanda ya hada da fiye da 150 dubu magudanai: koguna, perennial ko intermittent qarqashinsu. Catchment yankin na kogin ya mamaye wata babbar yankin - 1.36 miliyan murabba'in mita. km. Wannan yanki shi ne m, a size to irin kasashen Peru da kuma Mongolia. A cikin kogin kwari na Volga aka located 30 Rasha yankuna, daya yankin na Kazakhstan da dama manyan birane (kamar Moscow, Ryazan, Tver, Orel, Kazan, Astrakhan, Perm, da sauransu).

Volga watershed runs tare da Central Rasha upland a yamma, da tsaunuka na arewacin ridges zuwa arewa, a kan yammacin gangara daga cikin Ural Mountains, Upland Janar Sirt da kuma cikin Caspian Shefela a kudu.