Welding kayan: definition, faye hali, samar, ajiya. Babban waldi abu

Haša karfe Tsarin waldi Hanyar ne ya fi kowa Hanyar a yi, kayan shawara, samar da kayan aiki da kuma kayan aiki. A lokacin waldi, biyu saman suna bonded bayan da narkewa daga cikin iyaye karfe karkashin mataki zafi. M tsawo surfaced kashi kafa bayan sanyaya kuma crystallization na da Weld, ko surfacing. A waldi abu ne ya gabatar a cikin filin aiki consumable, yanzu-dauke, wadanda ba consumable lantarki waldi, ko iskar gas. A aiki, kayan for waldi aikin da aka yi:

• da dab, da motsi a cikin wani baka, kasancewa a cikin wanka, solidification na narkakkar azurfa aka kare.
• deoxidized da alloyed karfe, daidaitawa da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na karfe.
• cire daga cika kabu oxides, slag, phosphorus da sulfur.
• Free barbed nauyi na nitrogen da hydrogen.

Nau'in kayan for waldi

A manyan yawan kayan da ake bukata domin waldi karfe mahadi, hana daidai rarrabuwa, amma ainihin filler kayan suna classified kamar haka:

• filler waya domin waldi da kuma gini.
• domin baka waldi wayoyin.
• waya da kuma cikin farantin wayoyin domin waldi slag.
• Filler ƙarin kayan discontinuous, m, tubular sashe.
• Filler zane, birgima, ya miƙa gami sandunansu, kuma wayoyi, kaset Fused foda-shafi.
• combustible gas, ko oxygen.
• waldi na'ura, da kwampreso.
• gas cylinders ga abun ciki.
• janareta, don samar da alli carbide acetylene ko acetylene Silinda karkashin matsin.
• reducer domin rage matsin lamba da waldi gas.
• yula domin waldi, hardening, fusing tare da sa na iri daban-daban nozzles da daban-daban diameters.
• Roba hoses for oxygen hijirar;
• Fluxes da powders domin waldi.

Narkewa waya, faranti da sandunansu

Wannan irin lantarki amfani a gas kare waldi, kura idon baka waldi, electroslag. A karfe waya a matsayin waldi abu, ne zuwa kashi high-gami, low-carbon da doped. Total tsari m 77 nau'o'in irin wannan kayayyakin. By zabi da ake so, makãmashi, canza sinadaran abun da ke ciki na Weld. Kullum amfani da abun da ke ciki na waya, kama da tushe karfe. Halaye na waldi abu dole ne bi da Gost da kuma nuna a kan marufi.

Gami da kuma low-carbon karfe ga yi na jan-sanye waya ya kasu kashi da kuma jan-free. Da ake amfani da manual waldi waya, yankakken cikin guda na tsawon 360 zuwa 400 mm. Kawota mabukaci Rolls na yin la'akari 20 zuwa 85 kg. All coils suna sanye take da wani lakabin nuna manufacturer da fasaha sigogi na waya.

Faranti amfani ga electroslag waldi. Arc waldi aka yi da hannu ta wajen wani lantarki karfe sanda tare da wani musamman shafi, da ake kira lantarki. A wayoyin kasu dangane da kauri da kuma abun da ke ciki na ajiye Layer aiki da žwarewa. Kauri rarrabe musamman lokacin farin ciki, matsakaici da kuma bakin ciki shafi. Uku kungiyoyin a Gost bauta wa, su raba tsakanin wayoyin dangane da masana'antu da daidaito da kuma abun ciki na sulfur da phosphorus a shafi abun da ke ciki. Rubuta waldi abu mai rufi tare da stabilizer, binders, deoxidizing, alloying aka gyara denoted da haruffa:

• shafi tare da acidic Additives - A.
• asali classic version - B;
• cellulose shafi ƙari - C;
• blended kayan da surface Layer - P.

Non-consumable wayoyin da kuma sanduna welded zuwa waldi na'ura

Domin a haɗa saman gas kare waldi amfani da musamman kayan. Tabbatar da dalilin da waldi aka bai kamar yadda wani tsari ta amfani kamar yadda wani zafi Madogararsa wani lantarki baka tsakanin lantarki da kuma surface. Madauwari wayoyin da aka yi da tungsten tare da diamita na 5-10 mm an ciyar da wutar lantarki yanzu zuwa baka yankin. A matsayin kayan amfani tsarki tungsten, ko Additives suna kara lanthanum oxides, yttrium, sodium dioxide. Tungsten kanta ba zai iya maye gurbin mafi tsada karfe, kamar yadda shi ne mai tsaurin, wani babban tafasar batu (5900 ° C) da ake amfani da waldi tare da kai tsaye da kuma alternating halin yanzu.

A amfani da oxygen

Oxygen ne mutum fiye da iska, ta inganta cikin konewa na gas da kuma vapors da wani babban gudun, zafi aka samu da kuma high narkewa batu. Hulda da matsa oxygen da m mai da lubricants kai ga maras wata-wata ƙonewa da fashewa, don haka yi aiki tare da cylinders na oxygen ne da za'ayi a cikin tsabta yanayi, ba tare da hadarin irin samu. Storage na waldi kayan kamar oxygen da aka samar a yarda da wuta lafiya nagartacce.

Waldi fasaha oxygen da aka samu daga sararin sama. The iska bi da a musamman raba apparatuses, impurities suna cire carbon dioxide, da karshe samfurin bushe. Liquid oxygen kai da kuma ajiya bukatar musamman kwantena da high thermal rufi.

Amfani da acetylene

Acetylene ne a fili na oxygen da hydrogen. Wannan combustible gas a wata al'ada zafin jiki ne a wani gaseous jihar. Colorless iskar gas ƙunshi impurities ammonia da hydrogen sulfide. Shi ne mai hadarin gaske flammable abu. Waldi matsa lamba 1.5 kgf / cm ² ko m dumama zuwa 400 ° C ne ishe da fashewa. Nuna gas ta baka sallama, gudanarwa da rabuwa na ruwa combustible yayan ko bazuwar na alli carbide karkashin mataki na danshi.

Acetylene gas musanya

A bukatun su ba da damar waldi kayan amfani ga biyu daga taya da sauran gas. Suna amfani da shi, idan dumama zazzabi ya wuce sau biyu karfe narke index. Domin konewa na daban -daban na gas na bukatar wani adadin oxygen shigar da kuka. Flammable abubuwa maimakon acetylene ana amfani saboda su low cost da yiwuwar bazuwar samar. Suna amfani da daban-daban da masana'antu, amma yin amfani da zabi aka iyakance ta da mun gwada low dumama kasashen waje.

Wayoyi da waldi fluxes

Domin waldi waya ne ba m ba a sani ba san ko su wanene mark. A surface na filler waya aka yi santsi da kuma free daga tsatsa, sikelin, man shafawa. An zabi daga narkewa index wanda shi ne m, a halaye na welded karfe. Daya daga cikin ingantaccen kaddarorin da waya ne ta sauka a hankali ba tare da kaifi narkewa ejection SPRAY. Kamar yadda wani togiya, idan ba a bukatar waya domin waldi tagulla, gubar, jan, bakin karfe da ake amfani da yankakken karfe tsiri na wannan abu da ta ɗaure.

Lokacin da waldi karafa kamar aluminum, magnesium, jan, tagulla, da baƙin ƙarfe jefa, akwai wani aiki da hulda launi gyare-gyaren da oxygen daga yanayi ko da oxidizing harshen wuta. A dauki take kaiwa ga samuwar na oxides da high narkewa maki, wanda haifar da cutarwa film da kuma wahalad da mika mulki abu a kan wani surface a cikin wani ruwa jihar. Welding abu kira juyi, kunsha na manna, ko wani foda na dace abun da ke ciki, amfani da su kare zubi pool surface. The abu ne boric acid, calcined borax. Fluxes ba amfani a waldi alloyed steels.

Safety ruwa hatimi

Na'urorin don kare roba bututu da kuma iskar gas janareta daga dawo daga baya wuta burners kira ƙofar. Bukatun ga waldi kayan da aka kaddara da cewa ruwa tarkon da aka gina da irin wannan cewa oxygen ba ƙone ko acetylenically nauyi a cikin rami kuka ko mika wutar. Ruwa tarko ne dole ba a cikin na'urar sanyi, shi ne wuta aminci umurni ne dole a yi.

The ƙulli aka sanya a kan rata tsakanin mika wutar yula da kuma, bisa ga umarnin da shi ne a mai kyau yanayin da ake lokaci zuwa lokaci cika da ruwa zuwa wani matakin matsayi. Wannan na'urar ne babban kewaye da waldi kayan.

Cylinders ga ajiya na matsa gas

Cylinders sanya daga karfe tasoshin cylindrical siffar. A conical rami a wuyansa rabo ne rufaffiyar Rufe kashe bawul a kan thread. Fili balan-balan bango sanya sumul hanya, da kuma abu ne alloyed carbon karfe. Paint gama sa ya yiwu don gane da irin gas sanya a ciki. Oxygen da aka hawa a blue tasoshi, acetylene cylinders fentin fari, yellow-kore tint na ce hydrogen abun ciki, da sauran combustible gas an sanya shi a cikin wani ja ganga.

A saman gas Silinda an rubuta nameplate data. Storage da ake bukata na waldi kayan umurci cylinders shigar tsaye da kuma gyarawa zuwa bango abin wuya. Silinda bawuloli ga ajiya na oxygen da aka yi da tagulla, karfe amfani ba a halatta saboda lalata kayan a gaseous matsakaici. Cranes acetylene gas cylinders sanya daga karfe, an haramta yin amfani da tagulla da kuma jan gami dauke da fiye da 70%. Acetylene Forms wani fashewar cakuda a tare da jan karfe.

gas gearboxes

Irin wannan waldi abu kamar reducer hidima don sake saita da gas matsa lamba daga Silinda da kuma kula da nuna alama a akai matakin a lokacin da dukan aiki lokaci ko da kuwa akan rage matsa lamba a cikin balan-balan abu. Reducers saki dual-jam'iyya da kuma guda-jam'iyya. Na farko da aikin da nagarta sosai, da matsa lamba da aka kiyaye m, kuma ba ya daskare a lokacin shafe tsawon amfani gas gaurayawan. Domin samar da iskar gas zuwa kuka kasance roba tiyo da masana'anta rufi cewa wuce wani na farko gwajin da ƙarfi, kuma shugaban hani, kamar yadda akwai na musamman da takardun. Dabam tambaya hoses for oxygen da kuma acetylene. Domin kananzir da kuma fetur jerawa amfani hannayen riga na wani abu resistant zuwa fetur.

Bukatun ga kayan for waldi

Ga wani irin waldi kayan ana amfani da daidai da m nagartacce, wanda a fili gano bukatun ga yarda da iko. All jam'iyyun da tafi samar da waldi kaya a cikin ma'aikata suna kawota tare da wata takardar shaidar tantancewa da fasaha sigogi:

• hannu manufacturer kayayyaki kayayyaki.
• Alamun kunshi haruffa da lambobi da cewa nuna iri da kuma irin.
• da lambar siriyal na narkewa daga cikin jam'iyyar da kuma canji.
• nuna alama ko surface jihar na lantarki waya.
• da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na gami da yawan nuni.
• inji halaye na da sakamakon Weld kabu.
• net nauyi.

Janar bukatun ga dukkan wayoyin da ake stably kona baka, da-kafa kabu. Metal hardfacing samu dace don wani qaddara sinadaran abun da ke ciki, dab da sanda lokacin aiki ne a ko'ina ba tare da splashing da tukar tumbi da guba abubuwa. Waya inganta samar da high quality-waldi, da slag aka cire daga hadin gwiwa surface sauƙi kabu shafi ne m. Wayoyin bayani dalla-dalla da aka adana na dogon lokaci.

Don yi da waldi tsari kowane daki-daki. A amfani da ingancin kayan a cikin aikin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aiwatar da karko da kuma m karfe mahadi.