White Army a cikin yakin basasa. Shugabannin White Army. fari sojojin

A yakin basasa da aka mai tsanani fãce dõmin fitina ga Rasha. Wannan page na tarihi cewa shekaru da dama kamar yadda heroes, a gaskiya, ya kasance alfãsha. Fratricide, da yawa betrayals, sata da tashin hankali gefe da gefe a cikin shi tare da ayyukansu da kuma sadaukarwa. fari sojojin kunshi mutane daban-daban - mutane daga dukkan azuzuwan, wakilan daban-daban kasashe inhabiting cikin sararin kasa, kuma yana da daban-daban dabam. Red sojojin, kuma, ba wani taro yi kama. Dukansu takaddama jam'iyyun sun samu da yawa daga cikin wannan matsaloli. A ƙarshe, bayan shekaru hudu da na ja nasara. Me ya sa?

Lokacin da yakin basasa ya fara

Idan ya zo ga farkon na yakin basasa, masana tarihi koma zuwa daban-daban kwanakin. Alal misali, Krasnov sa a gaba ta zama ƙarƙashin raka'a, da nufin shan iko da Petrograd, 25 ga watan Oktoba, 1917. Ko wani al'amari: Janar Alexeyev isa Don ga kungiyar na gudummuwar Army - wannan ya faru a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba. Kuma a nan ne wani da'awarsu Milyukov da aka buga a cikin jaridar "Don Jawabin" ga Disamba 27. Abin da ba a dalilin zuwa la'akari da shi a matsayin na aikin furucin da yaki da Tarayyar Soviet gwamnatin? A wata hanya, wadannan uku versions, kazalika da waɗansu da yawa, gaskiya ne. A karshe watanni biyu na 1917 aka kafa (da shi ba zai iya faruwa lokaci guda) son rai White Army. A cikin yakin basasa da shi shi ne kawai tsanani karfi iya tsayayya da Bolsheviks.

Personnel da kuma zamantakewa sashe na White Army

A kashin na White motsi ya Rasha sanda. An fara daga 1862, karo na farko da zamantakewa-aji tsarin da ya samo asali, amma musamman rapidity na wadannan matakai sun cimma a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Idan a cikin tsakiyar karni XIX na da babban jami'in soja shugabanci shi ne da yawa daga cikin aristocracy a farkon gaba karni, shi zama ƙara ba da damar commoners. An misali ne sanannen tawagar na White Army. Alekseev - dan wani soja, mahaifin Kornilov ya Cossack ƙaho, da kuma Denikin - a serf. Sabanin ana gabatar a cikin taro sani farfaganda stereotypes game da wasu "blue jini" da magana ba zai iya zama. Jami'an fadar White Army a cikin asalin iya wakiltar zamantakewa sashe na Rasha Empire. Dakaru makaranta a lokaci daga 1916 zuwa 1917 saki 60% na baƙi daga baƙauye iyalansu. A cikin Army, Janar Golovin dubbai tushe (junior lieutenants, bisa ga Soviet tsarin na soja da darajõji) da adadi shi ne 700. Bugu da kari a gare su, daga tsakiyar aji-, aiki da kuma m yanayi faru 260 sanda. Manya sun ma - hudu dozin.

White sojojin sananne "dafa ta yara" da aka kafa da kafa. Kawai biyar da cent na shirya na motsi mutane sun arziki da kuma mashahuri, da samun kudin shiga sauran kafin juyin juya halin da ya kunshi kawai jami'an 'albashi.

suna fadin halarta a karon

Jami'an shãmakace a cikin shakka daga siyasa da suka faru nan da nan bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin. Yana da wani tsari soja da karfi, da babban amfani da abin da yake a gaban horo da kuma fama basira. Ra'ayin siyasa a gabar na zuwa wani takamaiman tsari na jami'an, kamar yadda mai mulkin, bai yi ba, amma da suka nemi su kawo domin a kasar da kuma kauce wa auka na jihar. Amma ga lambar, da dukan rundunar sojojin fari, kamar yadda na Janairu 1918 (General Kaledin Maris a kan Petrograd), kunshi ɗari bakwai Cossacks. Demoralization da dakarun ta suka kai ga kusan cikakkiyar unwillingness yãƙi. Ba kawai talakawa sojoji, amma jami'an ne m (game da 1% na jimlar) ku yi ɗã'ã ga umurnin da janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a.

By farkon cikakken sikelin tashin fari gudummuwar Army da har zuwa bakwai dubu sojoji da Cossacks, wanda ya umarci dubban jami'an. Babu stockpiles abinci da makamai shi bai yi, kamar da goyon bayan da al'ummar jihar. Yana da jũna sananne auka shi ne makawa.

Siberia

Bayan kãmun ikon da Reds a Tomsk, Irkutsk da sauran Siberian birane, ya fara aiki da zanga-Bolshevik karkashin kasa da cibiyoyin da sanda. A tawaye na Czechoslovak Corps ya sigina domin su bude mataki da Tarayyar Soviet da iko a May-Yuni 1918. West Siberian sojojin da aka kafa (kwamandan - Janar AN Grishin-Diamonds), wanda ya fara da za a rubuta da masu sa kai. Ba da da ewa ta lambar wuce 23,000. By Agusta, sojojin fari, sõyayya da sojojin na Captain G. M. Semenova, kafa a biyu gine-gine (4th Gabas Siberian kuma 5th Amur) da kuma sarrafawa da sararin ƙasa daga Urals zuwa Baikal. Yana yana da game da 60 dubu. Bayonets, 114 dubu. M masu sa kai a karkashin umurnin kusan 11 dubu. Jami'an.

arewa

White Army a cikin yakin basasa, a Bugu da kari ga Siberia da kuma Far East, ya fada a ranar uku main fronts: Kudu, North-West da Arewa. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da peculiarities cikin sharuddan da aiki yanayi, da kuma ta contingent. A arewacin wasan kwaikwayo da yadda ake gudanar da hankali mafi fasaha koyar da jami'an da suka shige da Jamus yaki. Bugu da kari, sun sãɓa wa jũna kyau kwarai da ilimi, da ilimi da kuma gabagadi. Mutane da yawa shugabannin White Army zo daga Ukraine da kuma binta su kubuta daga Bolshevik tsõro Jamus sojojin, wanda ya bayyana su Germanophilism, wasu samu gargajiya juyayi na Entente. Wannan halin da ake ciki wani lokacin zama hanyar rikici. Northern fari sojojin aka gwada da kananan.

Northwest White Army

Yana da aka kafa tare da goyon bayan da Jamus sojojin a adawa ga Bolshevik Red Army. Bayan da Jamus da tsarin kunshi 7000 bayonets. A da kalla shirya Whiteguard gaban, wanda, duk da haka, aka tare da ta wucin gadi nasara. Matuƙan jiragen ruwa Chudskoy, tare da sojan doki detachment Balakhovich da Permykina, disillusioned da kwaminisanci ra'ayin, mun yanke shawarar mu je da su a cikin fata. The girma sojojin sa kai sãdar, kuma baƙauye, sa'an nan kuma aka tilas shiri high school dalibai, high-makaranta dalibai. Northwest sojojin suka yi yaƙi da sãɓãwar launukansa nasara, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi m misalai na yaki. Averaging 17 dubu. Sojoji, shi aka mulki da 34 generals, colonels, da kuma mãsu yawa daga gare su akwai wanda suke karkashin shekara ashirin.

Kudu Rasha

Events a kan wannan gaban suna hukunci a kasar rabo. A jama'ar na kan miliyan 35, yankin ne, sunã daidaita da yanki kamar wata daga cikin manyan kasashen Turai, Fitted da suka ci gaba kai kayayyakin more rayuwa (tashoshin jiragen ruwa, jiragen kasa) sarrafawa da fari sojojin na Denikin. Kudu Rasha iya zama dabam daga sauran ƙasa na tsohon Rasha Empire, ya yi duk da tsayawar-shi kadai raya kasa, ciki har da aikin noma da kuma masana'antu. A generals na White Army, samu wani kyakkyawan soja horo da Multi-faceted kwarewa a yaki da Austria-Hungary da kuma Jamus, da duk chances kayar da abokan gaba kwamandojin sau da yawa talauci ilimi. Duk da haka, da matsaloli duka guda. Mutane ba ya so ya yi yãƙi, ƙirƙirar kowa akida dandali da kuma kasa. Monarchists, Democrats, masu sassaucin ra'ayi sõyayya da wani so su yi tsayayya ga Bolshevism.

deserters

Kuma Red and White Army sha wahala daya rashin lafiya: ba su so su taimaka wakilan da peasantry. Tilasta janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a rage overall fama tasiri. Rasha sanda, ko da kuwa zamantakewa bango, sun al'ada zarcewa musamman caste, da nisa daga talakawa da sojoji, wanda ya sa ciki saba wa juna. Da har na punitive matakan amfani da deserters, sun m a garesu na gaba, amma Bolsheviks yanke hukuncin kisa aikata mafi akai-akai da kuma decisively, ciki har da nuna zaluntar da tare da girmamawa ga iyalan tsere. Bugu da kari, sun kasance bolder a alkawarai. Kamar yadda yawan karfi nufin da sojoji, "blur" da fama-shirye jami'an shelves, da wuya a sarrafa kwaikwayon na fama manufa. Reserves aka kusan babu wadata rincabewa. Akwai sauran matsaloli da ya kai ga sojoji shan kashi na ta Kudu, wanda shi ne na karshe karfi na fari.

Myths da Reality

Hoton na White Guard jami'in, ado a cikin wani impeccable jacket, haƙĩƙa, mai mutum tare da wani sonorous sunan, conductive dama lokaci a sha da kuma tsarkakewa na songs ne da nisa daga gaskiya. Yana yi yãƙi a cikin yanayi na m karancin makamai, harsasai, abinci, tufafi da kuma komai, ba tare da masu goyan bayan sojojin da fama shiri ne da wuya, idan ba zai yiwu ba. Masõya Support bayar, amma wannan taimako ya bai isa ba, da akwai wani halin kirki rikicin, kuma an bayyana a cikin ji na gwagwarmaya da da kansa mutane.

Bayan da shan kashi a yakin basasa samu mafaka a kasashen waje, Wrangel da Denikin. Bolsheviks a 1920 aka harbe ta Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak. Army (White) kowace shekara na jini da aka rasa duk sabon ƙasa. Duk wannan ya kai ga tilasta fitarwa na Sevastopol a 1922, tsira sassa na da zarar mai girma sojojin. A kadan daga baya an suppressed karshe Aljihuna na adawa a cikin Far East.

Mutane da yawa daga cikin songs of White Army, bayan da wasu gyare-gyare da texts zama Red Guard. Domin "Tsarki Rasha" kalma an maye gurbinsu da kalmar "ga Soviet ikon", a irin wannan rabo jiran sauran manyan music, sun samu sabon sunayen ( "A cikin kwaruruka, da a bisa tuddai," "Kahovka" da sauransu.) Yau, bayan shekaru da dama na sakaci, su ne samuwa dalibai sha'awar a tarihin na White motsi.