Zhukovsky ayyukan: jerin

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky an dauki daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Romanticism a Rasha. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa mayar da hankali da aikinsa ya sa matsalar mutum ciki duniya. Kamar yadda ya ce game da shi Belinsky abin yabo Zhukovsky invaluable - ya ba da "zuciya da ruhi" na Rasha shayari.

Zhukovsky ayyukan mayar da hankali a kan ciki ji na da gwarzo, da ji da motsin zuciyarmu na kowa mutum, wanda ya kai ga gaskiya cewa mawãƙi aka bukata don shawo kan high style cewa classicists rubuta magabata. Harshe ayyukansu ya zama mafi wani tunanin, m, yada daban-daban m nuances. Yana hada da phraseology da magana.

Asalin da mawãƙi

A mawãƙi aka haife Janairu 29, 1783 a kan iyakar Oryol, Kaluga da Tula larduna, a kauyen Mishenskoe. Ya kasance cikin shege dan wani arziki mallaki gidaje, Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin kuma Turkish mata, wanda a 1770 Rasha kama a cikin storming na Bender.

Sunan mahaifi gaba mawãƙi samu daga dan uwansa, Andrei Ivanovich Zhukovsky, wani matalauci bafadan, wanda ya rayu a kan Estate Bunin, wanda soma yaron. Ta haka ne ya kauce masa da shege matsayi.

Zhukovsky ayyukan (jerin)

A mawãƙi rubuta da yawa, don haka rungumi aikinsa a wannan labarin, shi ne wuya. Duk da haka, mu ba ka da manyan ayyukan Zhukovsky (jerin a shekara-shekara domin).

1. "May Morning" (1797).
2. "Zamantakewa a kabarin" (1797).
3. "Karkara hurumi" (1802).
4. "Maraice" (1806).
5. "Ludmila" (1808).
6. "Svetlana" (1812).
7. "Singer a sansanin Rasha sojoji" (1812).
8. "Aeolian molo" (1814).
9. "Inexplicable" (1819).
10. "Tsarskoye Selo Swan" (1851).
11. "Yawo Bayahude" (1851-1852 shekaru).

Don ƙarin bayani game da kowane samfurin, gani a kasa.

Matasa da farkon aikin

Ko a farkon shekaru karatu a makarantar kwana, located a Jami'ar Moscow, Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, waɗanda ayyukansu za mu bincika, ya halitta da farko waqe. A mafi muhimmanci na kyaututukan da ya samu a lokacin dauke su: da waka "May Morning" da kuma litattafan aiki "Zamantakewa a kabarin," da aka rubuta a 1797. The waka "May Morning" fara a cikin ruhu na classicism: "Belorumyana alfijir yakan ...". da yanayin hoton da aka bayyana a cikin m, ƙunshe. Amfani high ƙamus ( "Face"), mifologizm ( "Phoebe"), fili manufofi ( "belorumyana"). Duk da haka, a cikin wadannan Lines akwai wani ji daga haushi da kuma asarar zuciya. Kare aiki a wani ruhu na sentimentalism: "Life, abokina, da rãmi na hawaye da kuma wahala ...".

"Karkara hurumi"

Farkon ayyuka da Vasily Zhukovsky sau da yawa da aka rubuta a cikin Genre na elegy. Karamzin, yayin da shahararren Rasha marubuci, wani aboki na da mawãƙi kuma malami. Shi ne ya yi danƙa Zhukovsky godiya daya daga cikin farko da manyan ayyuka - da elegy "Karkara hurumi", translation elegy Thomas Gray, English mawãƙi ne. Karamzin ya amince da wannan aiki da kuma ya samu da cewa a 1802 modified da elegy aka buga a cikin "Journal of Turai", wanda da m a lokacin, ya kasance. Babban jigo na ayyuka - ma'anar rayuwa, da kuma mutum dangantaka da waje duniya. Elegy da aka gina a matsayin tunani na mawãƙi, ya sa ta hanyar kallo na kauye hurumi. A hankali na mawãƙi spontaneously bayyana tambayoyi, cewa, ya na kokarin amsa. Suna sõyayya da na kowa ra'ayin transience na rayuwa da kuma vicissitudes na rabo. A mawãƙi fi son ba "confidants na Fortune," da kuma wadanda suke aiki tukuru domin mai kyau na ƙasar.

"Maraice"

A kadan daga baya, ya kasance na farko da asali ayyukan Zhukovsky, kamar elegy "Maraice", rubuta a 1806. Ko da yake mawãƙi kansa rubutun hannu ba tukuna cikakken kafa, karin jituwa da kuma m elegy harshe. Taken "Maraice" - ma'anar rayuwa, mutum makoma. A mafi kyau abubuwa a rayuwa, bisa ga mawãƙi, soyayya da kuma abota, da kyau na halitta. A wannan elegy har yanzu discernible classic hadisin: amfani mifologizm ( "Bacchus", "Zephyr", "mai tsayi", "Minvana") da kuma Slavonicisms ( "a Brega," "Zlata", "oratai" et al.).

"Don Quixote", m articles

Zhukovsky ayyukan yara yana buɗewa bayyana a cikin 1804, na farko daga cikin shida kundin fassarar Cervantes 'Don Quixote, "wanda ya hada da alama melodic magana live Rasha harshe.

A 1808, Zhukovsky (shekaru kawai 25) ya zama sarki edita na "Bulletin na Turai", magaji zuwa Karamzin. A daidai wannan lokaci, yana daukan mai yawa, ya rubuta cewa labaru, da sake dubawa, akwai kasidu, m makala. A baya mawãƙi yayi magana akan romanticism a matsayin sabon mai zaman kanta shugabanci a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Classic dokoki, domin Romanticism ne ba m, shi dole ne a kiyasta cikin sharuddan "proportionality" da "congruity" dandano, stylistic karfinsu.

"Lyudmila"

Nau'o'i Zhukovsky ta ayyukan da aka ba iyakance elegies. A 1808 ya buga na farko Ballad - "Lyudmila", wanda yake shi ne free translation na halittun G. Burger, Jamus mawãƙi ne. Wannan aikin daukan karatu a cikin unknown duniya bayan, tsoratarwa kuma atawa a lokaci guda. A mãkirci daukan karatu don tsakiyar zamanai, a lokacin Livonian War na 16-17 ƙarni. Babban hali, Lyudmila, jiran ta ƙaunataccen daga fagen fama da kuma, ba tare da jiran, zai fara su yi gunaguni a rabo. A uwa yayi kokarin ta'azantar da ita, yana mai cewa "Aljanna - m sakamako, jahannama - m zukata", da kuma kira zuwa ga biyayya ga sammai. Duk da haka, Lyudmila rasa addini, kuma ta zama mai yawa jahannama maimakon sa ran lada.

"Svetlana"

A samfurin na "Svetlana" (Zhukovsky) - wannan shi ne ainihin Ballad, wanda hada da Rasha ayyukan hajji da kuma imani.

A yanayi na wannan yanki, a matsayin adawa da "Ludmilla", m, mai haske. A Ballad saka abubuwa na Rasha almara - podblyudnyh songs da maganganu ( "Smith Skuy ni Zlat da sabon kambi", "ta kyakkyawa", "podruzhenka," "farin ciki, hasken idanuna," "Crazy Light" da sauransu.). Svetlana ma bukata da ango, amma, sabanin Ludmila karshe ya gana da shi.

"Aeolian molo"

Romantic ayyukan Zhukovsky ci gaba halittar "Aeolian molo" (1814). Yana organically hadawa Ballad da lyric shayari. Analysis na aikin da Zhukovsky shawarar Belinsky, a cikin ra'ayi, a cikin Ballad "mayar da hankali da dukan aya, da dukan laya daga m Zhukovsky romance." A heroine bã Ya mutuwa, kuma ke da sauran duniya, inda ta shiga a karshe tare da ita lover. Dvoemiriya motif permeates yawa da suka shahara ayyukan Zhukovsky, wucewa ta hanyar dukan aikinsa.

"Singer a sansanin ..."

Patriotic War of 1812 iya ba da shekara kamar yadda ba su sa mai mayar da martani a cikin zuciya na mawãƙi, wanda ya saba da shi ganin an - Zhukovsky dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin tashin a cikin sahu na leftana, fada domin motherland. Abubuwan da suka faru na cewa lokaci kishin aiki, "Singer a sansanin Rasha sojoji", a cikin abin da m theme ne musamman wuya, saboda dukan abin da yake da alaka da marubucin sirri gwaninta. Babban ɓangare na aikin da aka rubuta a gaban, kafin yakin Tarutino. Mawãƙi yabi da ƙarfin hali da kuma mazakuta na Rasha mutane, su heroism da ƙarfin hali a fuskar makiya. Halin nan odic kauri, daukaka da harshen, yi amfani da Slavonicisms, kamar "rundunar", "rundunar", "AZ", "gani", "stared", da sauransu. A aikin da aka rubuta a hade da trehstopnogo da iambic tetrameter, wanda ya m a lokacin, a matsayin Ode ga wannan da aka rubuta na musamman iambic tetrameter.

"Inexplicable"

Bayan rasuwar Mashi Protasovoy, lover kuma Muse, da wanda mawãƙi bai shiga a rayuwa a matsayin yarinya ta uwa da aka yi tsayayya da su da aure, Zhukovsky fara ƙara yi tunani game da madawwami, samaniya, kuma a can sufi inuwa addini da muradi a wakoki. Ayyukan su ne kadan stricter, wani lokacin da mawãƙi ki yarda da daga fi so stylistic ta'addi, kuma ko da rhyme. Yana yawo "haddi inexplicable ji" cewa ya yi kokarin kai a cikin waka: "inexplicable" (1819):

"Duk da immensity a guda numfashin crowding.
Kuma kawai shirun da shi a fili. "

Fassarori 20-30th.

A 20-30-ies. mawãƙi halitta sabon ballads kuma fassara. Batutuwa ya yiwo aro daga Goethe ( "Birds"), Schiller ( "Knight Togenburg", "Cup"), Scott ( "Castle Smeagolm ko Ivanov Maraice") da sauran kasida. Zhukovsky fassara zuwa "The Lay na Igor", "Shinonsky fursuna" Byron (1818-1822), "Maid na Orleans" Schiller kuma Goethe ne sha'awar, da wanda ya ya iya saduwa a cikin mutum, a 1821, lokacin da mawãƙi farko sanya wani tafiya kasashen waje.

Recent ayyukan Zhukovsky

Recent ballads Zhukovsky ne fassarorin da waqe-waqe "Rustam da Zohrab" da "Nal da Damayanti", a cikin abin da ya nuna a kan abada. Wadannan ballads sauti sosai zamani, tun da aka rubuta free ayar da unsa damuwa jigogi. Zhukovskiy Vasiliy Andreevich, waɗanda ayyukansu suka ba kasa asali, sau da yawa ya yiwo aro motifs da jigogi daga waje mawallafa.

Kawai a cikin shekaru 58, a 1841, da mawãƙi karshe samu wani iyali ta auri Elizabeth Reitern. Duk da haka, wasu lokaci bayan aure, Elizabeth fadi da rashin lafiya, da kuma iyali domin gyara da ta kiwon lafiya ya tafi zuwa Jamus. Ga Zhukovsky da rashin lafiya, amma ya ci gaba da aiki.

A 1851, Zhukovsky rubuta elegy "Tsarskoye Selo Swan", wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar wani swan, da zarar ya zauna a Tsarskoye Selo. Wannan aiki ta hanyar autobiographical, allegorically, amma sosai da gaske ya gaya labarin da ban tausayi rabo na mawãƙi, tsira da lokaci da kuma kansa.

A wannan shekarar ya fara shibta (a matsayin rike da alƙalami iya ba) da na karshe waka "The yawo Bayahude", yavivshuyusya asali sakamakon gudanar da dukan aikin da marubucin. Abin baƙin ciki, shi ya kasance ba a kare ba.

Afrilu 12, 1852 Zhukovsky mutu a Jamus garin Baden-Baden.

Zhukovsky ayyukan zo daga zamanin gargajiya da kuma wallafe-wallafen ƙungiyoyi uku na farko na karni na 19th, suka karɓa wa mai yawan latsa al'amurran da suka shafi na lokaci, kuma ya ba impetus ga ci gaban wallafe-wallafe a cikin wani sabon shugabanci - a wani romantic hanyar.