Ƙirƙira Kulibin Ivan Petrovich?

Mutane da yawa sani game da fice a Rasha m Ivan Kulibin. A musamman enterprising ir ba sau da yawa ji a cikin adireshin sunansa: "Kana da kamar Kulibin" Duk da haka, 'yan mutane san cewa dozin IP ci gaba Kulibin jadadda mallaka da daya kawai. A duniya yanzu ya san cewa m Town gina nauyi-taƙawa gina gada, kuma shi ne abin Kulibin ƙirƙira shi - ba su sani ba.

ainihi daga cikin kirkiro

Ivan Petrovich haife shi a Nizhny Novgorod a 1735. Abin mamaki, iyalinsa ya ba koyi mutane, sabili da haka da ikon da kai sanar makaniki ya gaske fice iyawa!

Family Ivan wanzu a kudi na kananan sikelin-cinikayya: ubansa bai kasance wani dan kasuwa da kuma Old mũminai, kuma uwarsa aka tsunduma a noma da kuma taimaka wajen ci gaba da asusun.

Daga farkon shekarun yaron ji wani babban juyayi ga aikin injiniya zane tayi da kuma dukan qirqire, wanda a wancan lokaci a cikin kauyuka ba sosai. Amma mabiyin kimiyya yaro ba ya so ya ci gaba da littattafai da ya tafi almajiri zuwa kauye horar da locksmith, sunã mãsu jũyãwa da horology.

Riba kwarewa, Kulibin sa ta farko watch, musamman ga wannan rana a duniya a sami. Tiny firtsi aikin ayyuka na sa'o'i yaƙi, kazalika da music akwatin da kuma wani dada wasan kwaikwayo. Kafin wani aikin na art Nizhny Novgorod Masters iya tsayayya da kanta Catherine II - shi ya ba ta watch, kuma ta gayyaci Kulibina aiki.

A 1769, Ivan samun wani wuri a cikin Academy of Sciences, kuma daga wannan rana hidima da aminci ga mai kyau na Rasha kimiyya.

Duk da haka, kawai 'yan na da sabuwar dabara samu wani patent mallakar da maigida da dama. Mafi yawa daga cikin zane-zane da kuma shimfidu zauna unfulfilled so m.

Bari mu bincika 'yan abubuwa da ƙirƙira Kulibin, amma ba ya jadadda mallaka.

Filafili ruwa engine

A 18th karni Burlatskii la'ada aiki ya kasance daya daga cikin na kowa hanyoyi don matsawa da kotuna da ya kwarara daga koguna, kazalika a cikin kududdufi ruwa.

Ivan yanke shawarar canja mutane daga wahala da kuma gabatar a cikin steamship kasuwanci aikin injiniya bidi'a - vane mota. Its aiki manufa dogara ne a kan m motsi jiragen ruwa ta amfani da anka da igiyoyi - ragu zuwa yanzu gaba da anga tare da wata igiya kusantar da jirgin. Kuma yayin da daya kaya jirgin "An" amai da sauran a kan - kuma haka on-line.

Kulibin kyautata tsarin. Yanzu, maimakon ma'aikata da igiyar zana jirgin ruwa da engine (shi ne mai dabaran da ruwan wukake 2) yin amfani da ruwa iko. Sabili da sauki kuma robust zane, wanda zai ajiye mulki ga daruruwan boatmen, da kuma 'yan kasuwa - daruruwan kudi. Duk da haka, ko da bayan nasara gwaje-gwaje a kan motsi na jirgin da 65-Tew ton na yashi samar da kudi ba a sanya.

Abin takaici, wannan ba shine kadai abu cewa ƙirƙira Kulibin Ivan Petrovich, amma bai iya kafa samar.

Lif ga Empress

Tsufa Catherine II kawai motsa a cikin Apartment na Winter Palace. Saboda haka Kulibin da aka bai da wani muhimmanci manufa - don fito da wani lif ga Empress kanta.

Winch da daga bai amsa babban yanayin gyara igiyoyi zuwa sama, sa'an na Palace aka tsananin haramta. M masanin kimiyya je sama tare da inji kama da aikin da ofishin kujera ko tightening da goro: bawan juya rike, da dunƙule rotates a hannun riga, ya tashe da kuma saukar da wurin zama. Abin baƙin ciki, wani inji daga wannan rana ba ya rayu. Bayan rasuwar Catherine II a matsayin mara amfani ya dage farawa tubali, da dama daga marubucin domin cin gaban Kulibin taba samu. Ya kasance wani batu da cewa ƙirƙira Kulibin, amma ina ganin su yaro iya ba.

gada

Idan hangen nesa da Catherine II bai kasa ta a wancan lokacin, an dauke su a dama ne kuma ya kafa na gada kasuwanci a St. Petersburg.

A farkon karni na 19th, Ivan ɓullo da wani musamman robust zane guda-span gada. A nasa sabuwar dabara, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yawa kamar shekaru 30! Duk da rashin zama dole ilmi na lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi, ya, da saninsa ba, kuma a aikace ya buɗe sababbin dokokin. A babban amfani na gada shi ne cewa a karkashin shi ba zai iya hawa jiragen ruwa spilivaya wasan.

Great Euler, dubawa zane master aka mamakin da rashin kuskure da kuma kurakurai a cikin su. Potemkin kansa ware fitar da kudi don gina wata model na gada, amma wannan tallafawa ƙare.

Kuma da shekaru 30 baya, sanannen m ya Town Bridge, ba I. Kulibin cewa ƙirƙira wannan gada.

"Kaka" na mota

Daga cikin abubuwan, Ivan Petrovich ƙirƙira kai-propelled keken hannu. A bayyanar shi ne sosai kamar mota, amma manufa na aiki ya daban-daban. Keken hannu za a iya dauke wani matasan bike da wagon, kamar yadda a cikin sakamakon shi take kaiwa wani mutum ta latsa feda. Da sabuwar dabara don wani lokaci aiki a matsayin wani wasan yara na Elite, amma don tallafa ta samar ta nufin da bai bayyana. Zane "mota kakan" sunk zuwa gushewa, ya kai har zuwa yanzu.

Kada dame stroller cewa ƙirƙira Kulibin da veloekipazh Shamshurenkova. Ya firtsi ya da yawa girma da kuma mafi ban sha'awa: isasshen sarari for biyu, kuma a cikin hunturu veloekipazh juya a cikin wani seleji. Ina son a lura da wani ban sha'awa kama: Leonty Shamshurenkova ci gaba da samar da wani daya da aka tsunduma, da kuma zane na qirqire-qirqire da aka rasa.

A farko prosthesis

A farkon karni na 19th Kulibin gabatar da Academy of Sciences na ma'aikata "gwaninta"! Prosthesis simulates ƙananan reshe. Na farko shi ne gina wani gwajin Nepeytsyn - ya rasa kafarsa a hari Ochakov, da kuma yanzu da ya soja da aka derailed! Duk da haka, Ivan Kulibin cewa ƙirƙira sabon kafa, kuma ba da wani farawa zuwa ga sabon nasarori! A sakamakon haka, Nepeytsyn aka ciyar da su da manyan janar da kuma samu wani funny laƙabi Iron kafa.

Haske tsarin ƙaddamar jirãge, Tantancewar gidan waya, da aikin na baƙin ƙarfe gada a kan Volga - da kananan jerin abubuwan da cewa ƙirƙira Kulibin Ivan Petrovich.

Hotuna da kuma zane yawa daga gare su, da rashin alheri, ba na tsira. Duk da haka, da ɗaukakarsa, da kuma tunawa da wannan m mutum dole ne ko da yaushe a cikin zukãtanmu!