22 LR (chuck): halaye, bayyane

.22 LR (katako) - wata sanannen ammunition tsakanin masu farauta da magoya bayan wasan wasanni (a cikin asalin Rifle, a cikin fassarar Ingilishi - "bindiga mai tsawo"). Makamai a gare shi a yanzu ya saki kaɗan, wanda shine saboda ƙwarewar raƙuman ƙira: ana amfani da su ne don farauta kananan wasan.

Differences

.22 LR - kwakwalwa mai ƙananan kwalliya tare da ƙirar annular. Wannan yana nufin cewa bangon firgita ba zai buge tsakiyar ba, amma a cikin kwandon katako (ƙananan gefen ƙasa). Sabili da haka, a cikin ammonium, ba a wanzuwar kambura a matsayin rabaccen ɗayan ba, duk abin da ke cikin tasiri ya kunna kai tsaye a cikin asalin katako. A matsayinka na mai mulki, harsasai a cikin zagaye na yunkuri na yau da kullum, ko da yake wasu lokuta akwai wasu. Ana amfani da ammonium mai ƙananan amfani don cire ƙananan dabba: squirrels, marmots, kuma a cikin harbi harbi. Alal misali, a cikin Amurka an dauke shi dashi mafi dacewa don harbi squirrels ƙasa.

Tarihi

A 1887, duniya ta fara jin labarin .22 LR. Kamfanin dillancin labaran Amurka J. Stevens Arm & Tool Company ya saki katako. Yau, rimfire harsashi wuya amfani, amma Long bindiga ne har yanzu a Vogue da kuma rare. Shi ne mai riƙe da rikodi ta yawan lambobin.

Dalili na shahara

Yana iya zama alama cewa mutum na zamani ba shi yiwuwa ya jawo hankalinsa .22 LR - katako wanda ya riga ya wuce karni daya, kuma za a yi amfani da shi kawai daga masoya na tsoho. Duk da haka, wannan ba haka bane. Akwai dalilai guda uku na shahararrunsa: low cost, kusan babu dalili da halaye masu kyau ballistic lokacin da harbi a kusa da iyaka.

A ci gaba da wannan, ammonium ya zama mafi kyau don neman doguwar ƙananan dabbobi da kuma horo, domin idan idan aka kwatanta da mai tsaron gida, .22 Za a iya amfani da LR har zuwa tsari mai girma a lokaci guda. Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya daga lãka manufa harbi, a lokacin da a wani lokaci mai tsawo da horo wajibi ne don yin 'yan dari Shots, har ma da talakawan samu zama sosai m.

Kadan game da makamai

Muhimmin shine gaskiyar cewa makamin don .22 Lrid katunan yana da, watakila, kusan farashin mafi ƙasƙanci a kasuwar farar hula, kuma mahimmancin na'urar yana da sauki kuma mai yiwuwa ne, saboda rashin ƙarfi. Wadannan makamai za su dace da ma'abuta bama-bamai marasa fahimta.

Gaba ɗaya, wadannan suna farauta da wasa, amma akwai magunguna, mafi yawansu suna horas da wasanni. Ba da dadewa ba ne pistols don kare kansu a ƙarƙashin LR. Hanyoyin gyare-gyare na gyare-gyare da yawa na .22 mai sauki ne, alal misali, .22 Hoto da tsawo za a iya amfani da su a cikin makamai a karkashin .22 LR, amma wasu, irin su .22 WMR (Magnum), ba zai yi aiki ba saboda bambancin girman girman man (6.1 mm) Kuma 5.75 mm ga Magnum da LR daidai da).

Makami don katako

Misalai don ammonium .22 LR da yawa. Wannan ya hada da masu tayar da kullun da kayan kai-kai, irin su bindigogin Margolin (bindigar Soviet don harbi wasanni, da aka yi amfani da su a wasanni daga 1954 zuwa 1979), da kuma IL-34 da MC-3. Irin wannan tsari mai kama da TOZ-11 (Sobiet hunting carbine, wadda kamfanin Tula yayi amfani da shi), TOZ-17 da 18, kuma TOZ-78 sun dace da farautar farauta daga farautar bindiga da kuma carbines.

A cikin jerin batutuwa na wasanni da horarwa, jerin kayan makamai na LR zasu iya haɗawa da BI-7-2 da TOZ-9. Bugu da ari, idan muka yi magana game da bindigogin kai, Long Rifle za ta kusanci bindigogi na Amurka AR-7, wanda ya ci gaba a ƙarshen shekaru hamsin. A Amurka da Yammacin Turai, har yanzu yana da mashahuri. Ana daukan wani zaɓi na musamman don harbi horo, kuma ana dauka tare da su don tafiya ta hanyar yawon bude ido. Jerin za a iya kara da TSV-1, da Sniper Rifle, wadda aka ƙaddamar a kan SVD. Wannan shi ne, ba shakka, ba za a iya yin suna ba saboda ƙananan wutar wuta: kawai 100 m, amma wannan ya cancanta ta wurin sunansa.

Wani karamin bindigar bindiga a karkashin .22 LR shine SV-99, wanda yanzu ana amfani dasu a wasu yankunan Rasha. Rashin wutarsa yana da kimanin 10 na minti daya, kuma gudun fuska yana da 345 m / s. Ajiye domin zagaye biyar, kuma iyakar wutar wuta tana mita mita 150.

Don Sojojin Musamman

Sojoji na musamman suna da makamai don ammonium .22 LR. Daidaitawar wadannan "bindigogi" shine kusan hargitsi. Wadannan bindigogi ne, misali Birtaniya Welrod, wadda aka kirkiro ne a 1942 don bukatun kulawa da rassa na musamman. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa a cikin wani mujallu na mujallu na katako guda takwas an bada shawara don ba kawai biyar don tabbatar da amincin abincin. Wannan kuma ya haɗa da abin da ake kira "De Lisle" - De Lisle carbine, har ma da makami na Turanci: ƙaƙƙarfa mai dauke da madauri. An yi amfani da "De Lizl" a yakin duniya na biyu, ban da sojojin Birtaniya, an sanye shi da wasu sassa na Amurka da Faransa.

Akwai wasu sauran farauta da wasanni na makamai don katako na L22 .22.

Halaye

Tsawon katako yana da 25.4 mm. A farko harsashi gudu ne low, daga 250 zuwa 500 m / s, dangane da makami, da kuma cewa saboda da kananan kewayon jirgin. Rashin wutar lantarki a J: daga 55 zuwa 90 - don pistols kuma daga 125 zuwa 259 - don bindigogi. Awanin diamita (kashi na tsakiya) shine 7.1 mm, diamita na tushe na hannayensu ya kai 5.74 mm, kuma tsayinsa ya kai 15.57 mm. Nau'in bullet din yana da 1.9 zuwa 2.6 g, kuma ma'aunin cajin da aka yi amfani da shi zai iya zama daga 0.07 zuwa 0.11 g.

A cikin harkokin soja

Idan muka tattauna game da yin amfani da katako akan mutane, a nan bai mallaki halaye masu ban mamaki ba. Saboda rashin ƙarfi, ba a yi amfani dashi ba a harkokin harkokin soja, domin kawai don kashe mutum, ya zama dole a sami adadi mai yawa na hits. Duk da haka, ana iya sanin aikace-aikacen da dama da dama, alal misali, a game da bindigogi na Amurka-180 submachine. Babban wutar wuta, har zuwa mita 1,500 a minti guda, kazalika da kantin sayar da kyan gani (daga 165 zuwa 275 cartridges) ya sa ya yiwu a biya bashin cikin makamai da kuma Rigun wuta.

An gano wani aikace-aikacen sha'awa na ammonium a yayin horo na ma'aikatan Red Army a lokacin yaki. Kafin harbi daga bindigogi Degtyarev da Maxim, an horar dakarun a kan karamin bindigar gungun Blum - wani hoton horo don bindigar bindiga. Wannan ya ba da dama ba kawai don rage yawan haɗari ba, amma kuma rage yawan farashin ma'aikata. Daga bisani, an yi amfani da bindigogi na Blum a wasu lokuta a matsayin makami don yakin wolf.