31 ga watan Disambar 1994, watsar da Grozny. Na farko Chechen War

Yau muna magana game da wani ban tausayi taron, wanda aka alama ta farko Chechnya yaki (shekaru - 1994 (Disamba) - 1996 (Agusta)). Da farko dai, bari mu bayyana bayanan wannan yaki.

Bisa ga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida na kasarmu, a Chechnya a 1994-95. An kashe kimanin mutane 26,000: 2,000 daga cikinsu - sojojin Rasha, kimanin dubu goma sha shida (10,000) - 'yan bindigar, da sauran - fararen hula. Duk da haka, Janar Alexander Lebed ya ba da daban-daban kima. Bisa labarin da ya samu, yawancin asarar da aka samu a Chechnya ya kawo. Shekaru da dama sun kasance alama ta babbar mutuwar 'yan fararen hula - kimanin mutane 70 zuwa 80,000 suka mutu. Kuma asarar da sojoji ke ciki sun kai mutane 6-7.

Chechnya yana daga cikin ikon Rasha

A tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ta layi na 1980-1990 da aka alama ta da ake kira "farati na sovereignties". Wannan na nufin cewa rukunin Soviet na matakan daban-daban (duka ASSR da SSR) sun karbi daya daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen mulki. A shekarar 1990, a ranar 12 ga Yuni, a majalisa na farko na majalisar wakilai na wakilan jama'ar kasar, an karbi Dokar kan Jam'iyyar RSFSR.

A Grozny ranar 23 ga Nuwamban Nuwamba na wannan shekara, an gudanar da taron majalisar wakilan Chechen. An zabe shi kwamiti na kwamitin, wanda aka sake mayar da shi a cikin OKCN. Shugabansa shine Dzhokhar Dudayev, Major-Janar. A majalissar, an kwashe sanarwa akan kafa Jamhuriyyar Chechen Republic Nokhchi-Cho. A watan Yulin 1991, a majalisa na biyu na OKChN, an yanke shawarar janye daga RSFSR da USSR.

Dudayev ya zama shugaban kasa, karya dangantakarsa da Rasha

Ranar 1 ga watan Nuwambar 1991, an zabi Dudayev a matsayin shugaban Chechnya. Ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba, kwamiti na hukumar OKChN ya yanke shawarar karya dangantaka da kasar Rasha. A ƙasar Jamhuriyar Chechen Republic, tun farkon watan Nuwamba 1991, karbar dukiya da kayan kayan soja na dakarun waje da sojojin dakarun, dakarun da Dudayev suka fara. Ranar 27 ga watan Nuwamba, shugaban} asa ya sanya hannu a kan dokoki game da} ir} ire-} ir} ire da kayan aikin soja da ke kan iyakar {asar. Dukkanin sojojin tarayya sun bar ƙasar Chechnya ta ranar 8 ga Nuwamba na shekara mai zuwa, amma sun bar yawan makamai, kayan aiki da kuma ammunium.

Yanayin da ya faru a wannan yanki ya kara tsanantawa a cikin kaka na 1992, lokacin da rikicin Ossetian-Ingush ya faru a yankin Prigorodny. Dudayev ya bayyana game da rashin daidaito a jihar, amma sojojin Rasha sun shiga yankinsa yayin da ake kawo rikici.

Events na Satumba - Disamba 1994

Tun daga watan Satumbar 1994, an gudanar da ayyukan soja a Chechnya. Ƙungiyoyin 'yan adawa, musamman, sun yi bama-bamai na sansanin soja. Kungiyoyin Dudayev na dauke da makamai masu linzami na Su-24 da Mi-24 masu saukar jiragen ruwa ba tare da alamar ganewa ba.

Ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba, 1994, Boris Yeltsin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya ta 2137c, wadda ta ba da damar yin amfani da makamai a ƙasar Chechnya. A cewarsa, tun daga ranar 1 ga watan Disamba, dole ne a aiwatar da matakan da za a mayar da doka da dokoki da tsarin doka a cikin Jamhuriyar Chechen Republic, za a fara sakar sojojin, da kuma gudanar da tattaunawa game da zaman lafiya na rikici.

Ranar 11 ga watan Disamban 1994, shugaban kasar Rasha ya yi jawabi ga mutanen Rasha, inda ya bayyana cewa kasar zata magance matsala ta Jamhuriyar Chechen Republic, daya daga cikin batutuwa, kuma ya kare 'yan kasar daga ta'addanci. A wannan rana, wata yarjejeniya ta dace ta sanya hannu, kuma a lokaci guda sojojin Rasha sun tashi don gudanar da aikin. Manufar su ita ce Chechnya, hadarin Grozny. Dukan watan Disamba na ci gaba da rikici; Grozny, tun daga 18th, an fuskanci hare-haren maimaitawa.

Ranar 26 ga watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, bombardments na yankunan karkara suka fara.

Sabuwar Sabuwar Shekara na Grozny

A ranar 31 ga watan Disamban 1994, a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun 1994, an yi wani sabon hadari na Sabuwar Shekara. Rundunar sojojin Rasha a wannan dare ta sha wahala sosai, wanda ya fi muhimmanci tun lokacin yakin basasa. Mutuwar bindigar bindigogi Maikop brigade A'a. 131 yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi damuwa a yayin harin. Har zuwa yanzu game da waɗannan abubuwan da akwai abubuwan kirkiro.

Samun fadar shugaban kasar Dzhokhar Dudayev shine babban aiki na makomar mai zuwa. An ba da aikinsa ga rukunin "Arewa". KB Pulikovsky yayi umurni da shi. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa yawan dukkan sassa da suke cikin wannan ƙungiya ba a san su ba. Bayanai na hukuma kawai suna samuwa, wanda zai yiwu ya bambanta daga ainihin masu. A cewar su, rukunin "Arewa" ya hada da mutane 4,997, 211 motocin yaki, bindigogi 82, 64 bindigogi da bindigogi.

Umurnin tsarin

Disamba 30, 1994 an gudanar da wani taro. A kan dukkanin raka'a sun karɓi ayyuka don harin. Da safe ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, brigade ya je tsohon filin jiragen sama da kuma shirya tsaro a can. Babban aiki na 81st regiment shi ne ya kama da intersection na Khmelnitsky-Mayakovsky. Kuma sai wannan sashi ya kamata a hana ginin ginin da kwamitin gwamna ya kafa, bayan haka ya kama tashar jirgin kasa. Regiment No. 276 shi ne ya mallaki hanyoyin zuwa Aljanna kuma a nan don jira don ƙarin umarni.

Binciken da ba a yi ba

Ya kamata a lura cewa, ranar 31 ga watan Disambar 1994, hawan Grozny ya kasance ba tsammani ga kowa ba. Ƙarfafa kayayyakin kayan soja da mutane ba su samar da dukkan sassa ba, sojojin ba su da lokaci don yin aiki tare tare. Wani mai shiga tsakani na Grozny, Sivko Vyacheslav, kwamandan rundunar sojin 237, yana tunawa da abubuwan da suka faru, ya ce kuskuren kuskure shi ne rashin tsarin tsarawa, haɗuwa da raka'a.

Duk da haka, umarni, kamar yadda aka sani, ba a tattauna ba. A ranar 31 ga watan Disamban 1994, an fara girgiza Grozny. Sassan sun tafi aiki. A ranar 11 ga watan Mayu ne aka kama tashar Mayakovsky-Khmelnitsky. Duk da haka, dakarun na biyu, saboda wutar da ba a kashe su ba, ba za su iya shiga cikin gonar jihar "Rodina" ba. Pulikovsky ya umarce shi ya juya baya. A nan ne dakarun na 2 suka shirya game da gudanar da wani aiki.

Events kusa da tashar jirgin kasa

Kwanan nan mai lamba 131st ya cika aikinsa na yaki, ya dauki matsayi a gefen birnin, a tsohuwar filin jirgin sama. Ta fara gina kariya ta kare. Duk da haka, ba zato ba tsammani sai ta fara, yayin da dakarun daya suka fara motsawa zuwa tashar, kuma ɗayan ya tafi gefen kasuwa. Kwamitin ya tafi Adadin Ordzhonikidze. Ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da aka bari a nan don rufewa. Yaroslavtsev, kwamandan kwamandan mulki, bayan dan lokaci ya umarci shugaban ma'aikatan ya kawo tashar ga dukkan ma'aikatan da suka tsira. Yayin da regiment ya fara farawa zuwa pl. Bugu da ƙari, ginshiƙansa sun kama ta hanyar Brigade No. 131, wanda a wannan lokacin yana bin tashar. Saboda haka, kusan lokaci guda wani brigade da kuma tsarin mulki sun kusanci shi. Sannan sun shirya tsaro a tashar sufurin jiragen sama, kuma dakarun farko sun mallaki tashar ta kanta. Har ila yau, dakarun na biyu sun yi ƙoƙari su sauka a nan, amma 'yan bindiga suka kai hari, kuma aka tilasta su zauna a tashar sufurin.

Bayan da gwamnati da brigade suka shirya tsaro a tashar, an yi musu hari da wani babban mayakan 'yan bindiga. Kafin tashiwar raka'a, hargitsi ya ci gaba. An hallaka wani ɓangare na kayan aiki, sauran - lalacewa. Duk da haka, mayakan sunyi yakin har zuwa karshe. Da farko, asarar sun kasance ƙananan. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki ba zato ba tsammani ya fara raguwa saboda gaskiyar cewa wasu sassa ba su cika ayyukansu ba, ba zai iya shiga cikin cibiyar ba.

Rundunar sojojin Rasha a tsakiyar Grozny

A kimanin sa'o'i 14 a ranar 31 ga watan Disambar 1994, an ci gaba da girgiza Grozny tare da sabon cigaba. Ƙungiya "Arewa maso Gabas" ya zo gada a fadin Sunzha, wanda ke cikin gari. A cikin garin Grozny, dakarun "gabas" da "yamma" sun sauya sauƙi. Ba su yi juriya ba sai tsakar rana. Kuma sai ya fara ...

Daga saman bene na gine-gine da kuma cellars, bindigogi na Rasha, wanda aka kulla a kan tituna, sunyi bindiga da bindigogi da 'yan bindigar gurnati. 'Yan bindiga sun yi yaki kamar suna karatu a makarantun soja, ba Janar din Rasha ba. Da farko, an rufe makamai da motocin motar wuta. Sauran suka harbe, ba da sauri ba. Da misalin karfe 6 na yamma a yankin Lenin Park, an yi amfani da magungunan bindigogi 693 na "West". A kudancin kudancin wutar, wutar lantarki na 21 na Brigade na Airborne Division da kuma 76th Division sun tsaya. 'Yan bindigar dubu uku da dubu biyar da hamsin hamsin da bindigogi tare da fararen duhu sun kai farmaki ga' yan bindigar 131 da kuma 81 na gwamnonin dake tsaye a ginshiƙan kusa da tashar jirgin kasa. Tare da tankuna biyu da suka tsira, ragowar wadannan sassa a tsakiyar tsakar dare sun fara janyewa, amma an kewaye su kuma sun halaka kusan gaba ɗaya. Mutane da yawa sun tuna da wannan kwanan wata na tsawon lokaci - Disambar 31, 1994. Rashin haɗari na Grozny ya kawo manyan asarar a tsakanin sojoji da kuma cikin al'ummar da ke zaman lafiya.

Aukuwa na 1-2 Janairu 1995

Ranar 1 ga watan Janairu, kwamandojin sun yi kokarin taimaka wa kungiyoyin marasa lafiya "North-East" da "Arewa", an katange a cikin zuciyar Grozny. Amma rashin nasara. Chechens sun aika zuwa ga dakarun ceto wanda ke ba da zarafi don motsawa tare da hanyoyi da aka tsara. Kuma suna harbi sojojin. Ranar 2 ga watan Janairun, ma'aikatan labaran gwamnatin Rasha sun bayar da rahoton cewa, cibiyar na Grozny ne ke jagorantar da sojojin tarayya, wanda aka dakatar da fadar shugaban kasa.

Sakamakon gwagwarmayar Chechen

Babban hadari na Grozny bai kawo nasara ba. Na dogon lokaci da 'yan bindiga suka tsayayya. Har zuwa ranar 31 ga watan Agustan 1996, wannan yaki ya ci gaba. Maganar Grozny ita ce kawai farkon tashin hankali. Yaƙin ya hada da ayyukan ta'addanci da aka aikata a waje da Chechnya (Kizlyar, Budennovsk).

A sakamakon yakin ya zama da Khasavyurt yarjejeniya, hannu Agusta 31, 1996. Daga cikin Rasha gefen da suka sanya hannu Alexander Lebedev, sakataren kwamitin tsaron kasar mu, kuma da Chechnya mayakan - da shugaban ma'aikata Aslan Maskhadov. Bisa ga sakamakon waɗannan yarjejeniyar, an yanke shawarar akan batun da ake kira "yanayin da aka jinkirta". Wannan yana nufin cewa har zuwa ranar 31 ga watan Disamba, 2001, an yi tambaya game da matsayin Chechnya.