A farko ambaci Moscow a tarihin aka hade da sunan Grand Duke. Wanne shekara gan farko ambaci Moscow?

History of Ancient Rasha - mai ban sha'awa lokaci cikin sharuddan da masu sana'a bukatun mutum da lover. A sa'an nan a cikin jariri, kafa da kuma raya daban-daban iri zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da siyasar tafiyar matakai. Akwai da yawa garuruwan da suka tsira zuwa yau. Shi ne wannan lokaci ne da farko ya ambaci Moscow.

A bit na zamanin d tarihi

Idan ka yi takaice yawon shakatawa a cikin m da kasar mu, ba za mu iya ganin cewa mazauna na mutane a nan su ne daga biyu Millennium BC. Hakika, shi kuwa mai m yawa, amma tare da wannan duka yana farawa. Active migratory matakai, masu jerin gwanon a lokacin, a yarda ya zaunar da kuma samun mafi dace da wannan wuri, daya daga cikinsu ya zama Gabas Turai Bayyana, musamman Upland. Yana garzaya nan Proto-Slavic kabilu, wanda aka ware daga Jamus da Slavic Balt a kanta. Har yanzu baya akwai wani rabo daga cikin Slavic taro cikin uku kungiyoyin: yammacin, kudanci da gabashin. Babu shakka, shekarar farko ambaci Moscow shi ne har yanzu sosai nisa. Duk da haka, da Slavs zaunar a kan ƙasa na nan gaba na Rasha, da kuma kusa da babban birnin fara kwanta a mafi dadi ga wannan yanki - Borovitsky Hill.

Na farko gani: labarinsa na Moscow

A tarihi kimiyya ya na kowa version of bayyanar a Moscow a farkon kwanaki na jihar samuwar Eastern Slavs. Lalle ne, archaeological shaida yale mu mu ce cewa a cikin wannan wuri akwai wani shiri, da kuma quite ci gaba. Duk da haka, don bayar da hujjar cewa shi ya Moscow, ba za ka iya. Gaskiyar cewa babu kafofin pismennogo hali game da shi ba, sabili da haka, dalilin ya zama m ko dai. Babban daftarin aiki a kan tarihin na zamanin d Rasha ne "Tale of bygone Years" Nestor m. Idan muka dubi da shi, za mu iya fahimtar cewa kawai a cikin goma sha biyu karni, akwai na farko ambaci Moscow. A ranar da wannan taron da aka sarrafa 1147, lokacin da za ka iya koyi da sabon abubuwa da ɗan gurbata sunan "Sauro". A general, a lokacin da wannan yankin, idan aka kwatanta da sauran birane na Arewa maso gabas Rasha, za a iya kira a wajen da baya da baya, da kuma birnin da aka kurãme ne kuma yankunan karkara.

Halitta abũbuwan amfãni, kuma tanadi Prince

Duk da haka, yankin da aka sosai dace located geographically, don haka janyo hankalin da idanu daga cikin sarakunan duk da darajõji. Amma da fore Moscow zai zo da wani sosai tsawon lokaci. A yankin a lokaci daya dauki wani zato ga matasa, dan Vladimir Monomakh, Yuri Dolgoruky lakabi. Kamar yadda Rostov-Suzdal shugabanninmu, ya kuma duba zuwa Kiev, amma ya san cewa internecine gwagwarmaya ne dole a yi wani m raya. Kuma tsohon garin sun da tsari sosai, kuma karfi Knights kungiyoyin. Bugu da kari, birnin da aka located, a alamance magana, a cikin tsakiyar Rasha dũkiyarku, wadda aka sosai dace domin wani hari a kusan dukan manyan mulkoki na Arewa maso Gabas. Saboda haka, na farko ambaci Moscow ake dangantawa da sunan Grand Duke Yuri Vladimirovich, a nan ne wani majalisa na yaki, ya gayyace abõkinsa a gwagwarmayar keda daukaka a Rasha da kuma dangi na Prince Svyatoslav Olegovich.

Shiriritar da jayayya

Duk da haka, duk da wannan, a tsakanin masana tarihi akwai wani yarjejeniya game da shekara birnin tushe. Wannan shi ne saboda sabani da aka samu a tarihi, duk da cewa shi ne hade da 1147 farko ambaci Moscow. A kwanan wata a tambaya, domin a cikin sauran tarihin samar da bayanai da cewa a cikin 1156, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky a shafin na gaba babban birnin kafa sansanin soja. Ko da yake an san cewa a wannan lokacin ya yi sarauta a Kiev, kuma idan ya kafa Moscow a wannan lokaci, to, wannan taron za a nuna a cikin rikodin. Duk da haka, a kan wannan lokaci tushen rike shirun da cewa an m. Duk da Ambaton Moscow a 1147, masana tarihi yi imani da cewa a wancan lokacin kira shi da wani cikakken fledged mazauna aikata ba. Mai masana kimiyya suka yi ĩmãni ne har yanzu a shekara na kwanciya da sansanin soja da kuma na birane mazauna na 1153. A sa'an nan, cewa Rostov-Suzdal sarkin ya a cikin wadanda wuraren, don haka za mu iya ɗauka wannan version.

Kuchkovo - Moscow

Duk da haka, Yuri sane kusantar da hankali ga gari. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Moscow ta wurin sa shi sosai dace da m sufuri nufi da cewa gwamnan ya fahimci cikakken. Ko lokacin da Kiev yarima, ya sarrafa, na daga cikin hankali ga Moscow dũkiyarku ba. Wannan siyasa ci gaba da ɗansa Andrew Bogolyubskii, amma ya ce a wancan lokacin Moscow shi ne babban dabarun muhimmancin, ba shi yiwuwa. Shi ne mai kananan bakin kan iyaka batu, inda tsallaka kan iyaka mulkoki, cinikayya hanyoyi. Yana da wani m wuri Moscow dũkiyarku da nasaba da kisan Prince Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Waɗannan ƙasashe mallakar kananan dintsi na Boyar Stepan da kuma kira Kuchkovo. So don kunna mallaka a cikin nasu, a farko kokarin lallashe Prince Stepan ba wannan yanki, amma intransigence na Boyar ya kai ga kisa, da kuma fushi daga boyars 'kadarori, wanda ke haifar da wani ƙulli da kuma kashe Prince Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, nan gaba babban birnin kasar na yankin da aka sanya wa Monomakh.

Da muhimmancin da mãsu mayẽwa Aleksandra Nevskogo a gaban Moscow tasirin

Amma birnin ya ci gaba da aka sosai m. Tun lokacin da aka farko da aka ambata a cikin tarihin Moscow, kuma har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda ta samu yana da kansa tasiri, shi ya kasance fiye da rabin karni. Kawai a cikin goma sha uku karni, shi ya fara dauka a kan siffofin da babban birane mazauna da kuma wani muhimmin dabarun batu. A farko ambaci Moscow a cikin sabon damar da dama a wannan lokaci. Wannan ya nuna wani karuwa a rinjayar da birnin a kan duk-Russian al'amura. Gaskiya flowering fara bayan Alexander Yaroslavovich, samu domin exploits laƙabi Nevsky, ya bar ta gādo ga da ƙaramin ɗansa, Daniel. A farko, matasa sarkin ya kau cewa ya samu wani rundown sarauta, amma kamar yadda Mougins, ya fara fahimtar muhimmancin wannan yankin da kuma tasiri a kan manufar Rasha tsawon fragmentation. Shi ne a kowane hanya domin karfafa shi ta wajen dynastic aure, soja da karfi. Ba na karshe rawar da aka buga da kuma wayo yarima. By karshen mulkinsa, da sarauta daga Moscow da kuma birnin ya kasance quite gagarumin kishiyoyinsu don daukaka a cikin kasa.

Daniilovich a gwagwarmayar keda daukaka

Musamman ya kamata a lura da cewa Yunƙurin na Moscow saboda gaskiyar cewa tsohon cibiyoyin (Kiev, sa'an nan Vladimir) hankali fades cikin rawar, kuma zuwa fore Tver da wannan "zinariya-domed". Ya kamata mu ma ambaci muhimmancin tasiri na wannan ma'aikata, a matsayin Rasha Orthodox Church. A farkon karni na sha hudu, Metropolitan zama an koma daga Vladimir zuwa Moscow. Shi ne, a gaskiya, na nufin wani m karuwa a matsayi da kuma tasiri na karshen. Wannan taron ya faru ga wani dalili, da kuma shi ne sakamakon nisa-gani siyasa na Moscow sarakuna. A dabarun shugabanci kafa ta Daniilom Aleksandrovichem, ci gaba da magajinsa: Yuri, wanda ba su sãɓã ba siyasa shiryayye, kuma Ivan zauna a kan gadon sarautar bayan mutuwar ɗan'uwansa. Ivan, lakabi Kalita ne kwarai zanen Qarfafa rinjayar da matasa, amma m birni. A lokacin da ya Mongol khans ya biyan haraji a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Moscow shugabanni.

harkokin siyasa na

Lokacin da Prince bayyana chroniclers, da suka hada da na farko ya ambaci a cikin tarihin Moscow zuwa tara, kuma ko da farkon ƙarni na takwas. Duk wannan da aka yi domin tabbatar da dama, zuwa ga birnin da kuma sarauta a cikin fari a duk-Russian al'amura. Sarakuna, da boyars kotu karfi da goyon wannan version. Kalita da manufofin ci gaba da 'ya'yansa maza Ivan Red, samu da laƙabi ga wani kyakkyawan bayyanar, kuma Semyon Proud, bambanta da ya wuce kima girman kai. A lõkacin da suka yi canje-canje zuwa labarinsa manufar kadan "lalacewa" nan gaba babban birnin kasar. Duk da haka, ya bayyana sarai cewa na farko ambaci a cikin tarihin Moscow, samu aminci chroniclers, ba gaskiya ba ne, kuma wannan ne yake aikata zalla siyasa da muradi. Dmitry Ivanovich fi karfafa manyan matsayi na gari, lashe wani hukunci nasara a kan Mongol-Tatar sojojin a kan Kulikovo filin a 1380. Duk da haka, bayan shekaru biyu, wani sabon hari invaders kama birnin da mamaki, sai ya dauka a kuma kone kusan gaba daya.

Family rikice-rikice a kan gado Moscow

A nan gaba, tsakanin magada daga wani gwagwarmayar ikon, samu a tarihi adabi kamar yadda mai girma da mulkin gargajiya yaki. Wannan page a Rasha tarihi cike yake da ban tausayi lokacin. A lashe samu daga Vasily II da Dark, da na ɗansa, Ivan III na, a karon farko tun da mulkin gargajiya fragmentation samun muƙamin na Grand Prince of All Rasha da kuma Moscow ya zama babban birnin kasar na wata kenan Rasha. Daga bisani, birnin fi karfafa da kuma fadada. A cewar lura da Birtaniya 'yan kasuwa, ya kasance mafi of London. Its matsayi a matsayin babban birnin kasar Moscow kiyaye har da gina St. Petersburg da kuma shekara ɗari uku ya bada dabino zuwa arewacin babban birnin kasar. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1918 da kokarin da Bolsheviks, ta sake zama babban birnin na farkon na RSFSR sa'an nan da Tarayyar Soviet.

Moscow: daga babban birnin kasar na sarauta ga babban birnin kasar na Rasha

Saboda haka za ka iya kyawawan taƙaice haskaka da babban al'amurran da tushe da kuma ci gaban birnin: na farko ya ambaci tarihin Moscow a matsayin karamin yarjejeniya da matsayi na babban da kuma iko babban birnin jihar. A wannan hanya, shi ya halartar da yawa canje-canje a matsayin bayyanar da digiri na da tasiri a kan janar hanya na events. A musamman, ɗan Basil Dark gina Kremlin kamar yadda za mu iya tsayar da shi a cikin lokaci, da jan bulo. A gaba dayan tarihin tsakiyar birnin da aka gina a tsakiyar zamanai, sa'an nan kawai dan kadan canja. Ko da yake masana tarihi sun karya mai yawa kofe, ya nuna shiriritar game da lokaci a cikin abin da shiri, akwai wani kullum yarda da ra'ayin cewa da farko ya ambaci Moscow Dates zuwa goma sha biyu karni, kuma aka dauke kafa Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Shekara na farko ambaci gane 1147. Yanzu birnin ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a birane a duniya, kuma babban birnin kasar mu.