A gabatarwar da conscription a Rasha: da kwanan wata, shekara, Mafarin

Alexander II da aka sani na da yawa da sake fasalin cewa, ya shafi duk al'amurran rayuwa, da Rasha al'umma. A 1874, a madadin Sarkin ministan War Dmitry Milyutin canza tsarin conscription cikin Rasha sojojin. Format conscription tare da wasu canje-canje wanzu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma ci gaba a yau.

soja garambawul

The alama ga sa'an nan mazaunan Rasha gabatarwar conscription faru a 1874. Yana da aka gudanar a cikin tsarin na manyan sikelin-sauye-sauye a cikin sojojin, Kanmu a lokacin mulkin sarkin Alexander II. Wannan sarki ya zo da kursiyin, a lokacin da Rasha da aka shamefully rasa Crimean War, arko da mahaifinsa Nicholas I. Alexander ya gama da wani disadvantageous yarjejeniya.

Duk da haka, da real sakamakon gazawar a wani yaki da Turkey ya bayyana ne kawai a 'yan shekaru. A sabon sarki ya yanke shawarar gane dalilan da fiasco. Sun kunshi a ciki har da a m da kuma wanda ya kasa aiki da tsarin na ƙari daga cikin sojojin.

Disadvantages jawo ra'ayinsu tsarin

Kafin akwai gabatarwar conscription a Rasha akwai conscription. An gabatar da umurnin Bitrus I a 1705. An muhimmanci alama wannan tsarin ne cewa sabis ba ya mika wa 'yan ƙasa da kuma zuwa ga al'ummomi da suka zaba matasa maza waɗanda aka aika zuwa sojoji. A wannan yanayin, da sabis rai kuwa shi mai rai. Filistiyawa, jihar manoma da kuma sana'a zabe su 'yan takara da makafi Draw. Wannan arziki da aka kunshe a dokar a 1854.

A gidan haya wanda ya mallakar nasu serfs, manoma da kansu zaɓa, ga wanda sojojin for rayuwa ya zama gida. A gabatarwar da duniya soja, da kuma kawar da kasa na wani matsala. Yana shi ne cewa akwai wani da bin doka a tsare soja shekaru. Ya zauna, dangane da yankin. A ƙarshen XVIII karni lifespan aka rage zuwa shekaru 25, amma har irin wannan lokaci frame tsãge mutane daga nasu farm ma dogon lokaci. The iyali za a iya bar ba tare da wani breadwinner, da kuma lokacin da ya koma gida, ya aka kusan incapacitated. Saboda haka, akwai ba kawai alƙaluma, amma kuma wani tattalin arziki matsala.

A shela na garambawul

Lokacin da Alexander yaba duk da rashin data kasance umarni, ya yanke shawarar amince da bullo da conscription jagorancin ma'aikatar War Dmitriyu Alekseevichu Milyutinu. Ya yi aiki ta hanyar da sabon dokokin shekaru da dama. Garambawul Development ƙare a 1873. Janairu 1, 1874 karshe shi ne gabatarwar duniya conscription. A ranar da wannan taron ya zama alama ga Sahaban.

] Aukar tsarin da aka soke. Yanzu kiran batun duk da mutanen da suka kai shekaru 21. A jihar bai sa wani togiya for azuzuwan ko darajõji. Saboda haka, gyara shafi manya. A Mafarin gabatarwar duniya soja sabis, Alexander II nace cewa sabon sojojin kada ta kasance mai gata.

Sharuddan sabis

Babban lokaci na soja sabis yanzu lissafinsu 6 shekaru (a cikin Navy - 7 shekaru). An kuma modified lokacin firam a ajiye. Yanzu sun kasance daidai 9 shekaru (a cikin Navy - 3 years). Bugu da kari, ta samar da wani sabon mayakan. A cikin shekaru 40 da samu mutanen da suka riga suka bauta wa a zahiri a stock. Saboda haka, jihar sami wani sarari, m kuma tsarin gudanar da sojojin ƙari tsarin for wani lokaci. Yanzu, idan ka fara da wani mummunan rikici, da sojojin ba zai damu game da tides a cikin sahu tare da sabo sojojin.

Idan iyali shi ne tafin kafa breadwinner, ko da kawai ɗa, ya aka warware daga cikin takalifi zuwa bauta. Har ila yau jinkirtã m tsarin da aka bayar (msl, idan akwai low jindadin da t. D.). lokacin da sabis kamu, dangane da abin da irin ilimi da aka a kurtu. Alal misali, idan wani mutum ya koya ba a jami'a, ya iya zama a cikin sojojin kawai goma sha takwas watanni.

Jinkirtãwa da kebewa

Abin da sauran siffofin shi ne gabatarwar conscription a Rasha? Bugu da kari, akwai aka jinkirtar ga recruits da suka yi kiwon lafiya matsaloli. Idan ka jiki yanayin mutumin bai iya bauta masa a duk warware daga cikin takalifi zuwa sojoji. Baya ga wannan togiya yi ma firistoci. Mutanen da suka yi takamaiman fasahohin (likitoci, dalibai na Academy of Arts), nan da nan aka yaba da ajiye ba tare da a zahiri zauna a cikin sojojin.

M ya kasa tambaya. Alal misali, wakilan da 'yan asalin mutane na Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma Caucasus a general da aka ba su bauta. A daidai wannan lokaci irin wannan amfanin, a 1874 aka soke ga faduwa da kuma wasu sauran arewacin al'ummai. A hankali, wannan tsarin ya canja. Tuni a 1880, da sabis fara kira 'yan kasashen waje Tomsk, Tobolsk da Astrakhan larduna, kazalika da Turgay, Semipalatinsk kuma Ural yankuna.

Kuri'a na saye

Akwai sauran firtsi wanda alama gabatarwar duniya conscription. Shekara Dmitri Milutin garambawul da aka tuna a cikin sojojin da cewa a yanzu ya zama sanye take daidai da yanki martaba. All Rasha daular aka kasu kashi uku manyan yanki.

A farko daga cikin wadannan da aka girma Rasha. Me ake da shi don haka ya kira? Don shi ya kwashe ƙasa a wadda zauna Rasha cikakken rinjaye (sama 75%). Abubuwan jere karfe kananan hukumomi. Wancan ne alƙaluma da ikon yankan shawara da kungiyar don gudanar da mutane. Na biyu rabo hada ƙasar inda ma aka Malorossy (Ukrainian) da kuma Belarusians. Na uku kungiyar (inorodcheskih) - shi ke da sauran yankunan (yafi Central Asia, da Caucasus, Far East).

Wannan tsarin da aka bukata domin saye da manyan bindigogi brigades da dakaru regiments. Kowane dabarun naúrar a bayansa da mazauna kawai daya rabo. Wannan ya yi domin kauce wa rikice-kabilanci jayayya a cikin sojojin.

Garambawul na tsarin na soja horo

Yana da muhimmanci cewa soja garambawul (gabatarwar duniya conscription), da kuma tare da sauran sababbin abubuwa. A musamman, Alexander II yanke shawarar gaba daya ya canza tsarin jami'in ilimi. Soja makarantu rayu a kan tsohon kashi umarni. A karkashin sabon yanayin duniya roko, su zama m, kuma m.

Saboda haka, a cikin wadannan cibiyoyin ya fara da tsanani garambawul. Sai ya zama da babba shugaba na Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich (da kane sarki). Major canje-canje za a iya lura a dama theses. Farko, musamman soja ilimi karshe an rabu daga general. Na biyu, an yuwuwa ta samun mutanen da suka ba su kasance a cikin nobility.

A sabon soja makarantu

A 1862, sabon soja makaranta a Rasha - makarantun sakandare, wanda suka farar hula takwarorinsu real makarantu. duk kadarori cancantar shiga to irin wannan cibiyoyin karshe aka soke a wani shekaru 14.

A St. Petersburg, da Alexander kafa makarantar, wanda ya} ware a samar da sojoji da kuma shari'a ma'aikata. By 1880, yawan soja makarantun Rasha ya karu markedly idan aka kwatanta da Figures a farkon zamanin Tsar-Liberator. Jami'an gudana 6, wannan makarantu, gymnasiums 16, 16 makarantu domin Junkers da t. D.