A kwata 'yanci na Vienna Afrilu 13, 1945. Vienna Sturm

Austria da Hungary - su ne waɗanda kasashen da, ko da yake sun ze sosai kama amma suna sosai daban-daban daga juna. Wannan kuma ya shafi haukan. Saboda haka, a kan isowa a Hungary da Red Army Wadanda mutane Union soma wani musamman sanyi, maƙiya, yayin da Austrians ya mayar da martani neutrally ko masu biyayya ga soja.

A na kowa ra'ayi a kan shirye-shiryen da kuma hali na ayyukan ba ya zuwa yanzu. Wannan shi ne saboda da kishi na Soviet akida da kuma Austria neutrality, pro-farkisanci ra'ayoyi da kowa hankali. Duk da haka, da kwato Vienna - taken ne ban sha'awa, jaraba, kuma Yanã rawar jiki kafin ƙarfin da sojoji da unquenchable kishin kasa. Musamman idan akai la'akari da cewa da saki da Austria babban birnin kasar ya gudanar ba kawai sosai da sauri, amma tare da kadan adam hasarori.

Shiri for tiyata

By 1945, da shekara tara da biyu takaddama bangarorin da aka ƙãre: tunani da kuma jiki - da kuma sojoji tylovikov, kudin - kowace kasa cewa halarci a cikin wannan jini gwagwarmaya. A karuwa da sabon makamashi ya bayyana a lokacin da aka zabe saukar da wani Jamus counter-m kusa Lake Balaton. Red Army sojojin zahiri wedged a cikin Nazi defenses, tilasta Jamus da sauri dauki matakin gyara wannan "ramuka".

Babban hadari kasance a gare su cewa Soviets da qafafunku a wani sabon bi da bi, na iya zama dogon lokaci zuwa manta game da kama da Hungary. Kuma idan ta rasa wannan kasa, Austria, ma, zai kasance karkashin iko da Rasha.

A wannan lokaci a gaban sojojin da 2nd da 3rd Ukrainian fronts, akwai wani aiki - karya da Jamusawa a yankin na Lake Balaton, ba daga baya fiye da 16 ga watan Maris.

A daidai wannan lokaci da karfi da uku UV yi magance wani crushing buga da abokan gaba da kuma ta Afrilu 15 th shiga layi na Tulln, St. Poelten, Neu lengby.

m albarkatun

Tun da kwato Vienna zuciya ƙwarai ba kawai don umurni, amma talakawa da sojoji, da aka shirya domin aiki fara nan da nan. Babban duka ya sa sojojin na uku Ukrainian Front. Raunanar, da yawa wadanda suka jikkata tsakanin mutane da kuma kayan aiki, suka sami ƙarfin da shirya kai harin.

fama motocin ƙari da aka ba kawai saboda da rasit na sababbin abubuwa, amma kuma godiya ga sojojin da suka gano da makami har zuwa yiwu.

A lokacin da aiki ya fara da kwato Vienna, a cikin arsenal na 3rd Ukrainian Front su ne:

• 18 bindiga karkasa su.
• game da ɗari biyu da tankuna da Sau (kai-propelled manyan bindigogi guda).
• kusan 4,000 bindigogi da kuma rokoki.

Overall rating tiyata

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, to magana unequivocally game da sauƙi ko wahala na mataki, za mu iya ba. A daya hannun, da kwato Vienna a 1945 - shi ne daya daga cikin gaggawa da kuma haske ayyukan. A daya hannun, shi ne wani gagarumin adam da kuma kayan asarar. Don cewa ya yi kama da babban birnin kasar Austria ne kawai, za a iya kawai hana tasiri da cewa mafi yawan sauran hadari aka hade da wani muhimmanci mafi girma mutum hasarori.

Kusan nan take taimako na Vienna - shi ne ma sakamakon kwarewa da Soviet soja, saboda sun riga aka fitar nasara kama makirci.

Kada ka manta game da musamman high ruhohi na mu dakarun, wanda kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nasara ƙuduri na gwagwarmayar da Austria babban birnin kasar. Sojoji ji kamar wata nasara, kuma matattu gaji. Amma fahimtar cewa kowane mataki a gaba - wannan shi ne shugabanci ga wani wuri mai da gida, tãyar da ruhu.

Ɗawainiya kafin

A kwata 'yanci na Vienna, a gaskiya, Dates baya ga Fabrairu, lokacin da ya fara samar zaɓuɓɓuka saboda yanã fizge tufarsu Hungary sa'an nan niyya ga fitar da Nazis a Vienna. A daidai shirin da aka shirya ta Maris, tsakiyar, da kuma riga da 26th ga wata kafin Soviet m ra'ayoyi (Rasha da kuma Romanian sojoji) da aka kallafa da - kai farmaki da kuma daukar line-Abubuwan da Pozba.

A yamma na ranar aiki na da aka yi ne kawai partially. mu sojojin ya halartar da yawa daga asarar da, amma ko da dare sunã da wuta ba ta kasu a m fadace-fadace. The sosai Kashegari, maƙiyi ya iya hambarar da kogin Nitra.

Red Army sojojin

Sauka a hankali motsi dade har Afrilu 5 ga watan (wato 'yanci na Vienna ta Soviet sojojin fara a kan cewa rana). A 7,00 am ranar fara kai hari kan Bratislava. Yana da aka samu halartar 25th bindiga Corps na Red Army, 27 th Guards Tank Brigade da 2nd Tank rajimanti Romanian. Bayan wani grueling yakin Bratislava da aka dauka ta hanyar ƙarshen rana.

A a layi daya, da Soviet-Romanian sojojin fara haye kogin Morava, duk da haka, da bambanci ga kama birnin, da aiki da aka ba yi a daidai wannan lokacin. Har Afrilu 8th sun gida fadace-fadace a kan wannan gaba, wanda ya hana gwada da a kwantar da hankula jũyarwa zuwa wancan gefe. A Afrilu 9, mararraba aka kammala. A karfe uku, mu dakarun sun iya haye zuwa wancan gefe. A soja da aka tattara a cikin Tsverndorfe to daga baya connect da mutum sassa na 4-th Guards Airborne Division.

Ga guda da aka canjawa wuri 10 T-34 5 SU-76 da kuma Romanian Sau da kuma 15 tankuna.

Force domin kāriyar da babban birnin kasar na Austria

Red Army sojojin tsayar da wani fairly m Jamus kungiyar. Saboda haka, kwata 'yanci na Vienna a 1945 zai zama zai yiwu a karkashin yanayin nasara a kan:

• 8, kuma tank 1 dakaru karkasa su.
• 15 bataliyan for Volkssturm (tafiya hari).
• duk ma'aikata na babban birnin kasar na soja makaranta.
• 'yan sanda, daga abin da ya halitta 4 rajimanti (da shi fiye da 6000 mutane).

Har ila yau, kada ka manta game da amfani a gefen Nazi godiya ta zuwa ga albarkatun. Yamma da birnin da aka rufe duwãtsu, gabashin da kuma arewacin bangarorin da kusan warkarwa Danube da kudu Jamusawa ƙarfafa antitank ramuka, daban-daban fortifications, pillboxes, ramuka, bunkers.

Vienna kanta da aka zahiri crammed tare da boye makamai a cikin kango, da tituna suna barsu kashe ta barricades, da kuma tsohon gine-gine ne mai irin gagarumin.

shirya kama

Ma'ana kimantawa da halin da ake ciki da kuma sanin cewa kwata 'yanci na Vienna ta Soviet sojojin ba zai zama mafi sauki, F. I. Tolbuhin shirin aika tunkaro tare 3 tarnaƙi, haka samar da tsoro tsakanin shugabannin surprises. Uku reshe hare-haren sun kamar haka:

1. 4th Guards Army tare da 1st Guards Corps aka dukan tsiya a kan kudu-maso-gabas.
2. A kudu maso yammacin gefen hari zuwa 6th Guards Army da 18th TC.
3. West, kadai gudun hijira hanya yanke wasu sojojin.

Saboda haka, da na halitta kariya zai zama wani mutuwa tarko.

Shi ne kuma ya kamata a lura da hali na Soviet soja da darajar da birni: an shirya ya rage rushewa a cikin babban birnin kasar.

A shirin da aka amince da nan take. Kama matsayi da kuma tsaftacewa da birni zai yi ya faru tare da walƙiya gudun, idan ba da karfi da juriya.

Da farko rabin m

5th rana na aiki da aka kaddamar, wanda dade har 13 Afrilu. A kwata 'yanci na Vienna, duk da haka ya ƙare gwada da sauri kuma ba tare da catastrophic mutum ta halin kaka, amma kuma tafiya irin ta faɗa ba za a iya mai suna.

A ranar farko bai kawo nasarar da Red Army a mataki saboda zafin adawa da rundunar Jamus. Ko da yake da aiki Soviet m, gabatarwa zauna scanty. The Nazis fahimci cewa suna da babu inda ya tsere, kuma suka yi jihãdi da karshe.

6 na Afrilu lura m yãƙi a kusa da birnin, a kan ta karkata. A wannan rana, da Soviet Army ya iya ciyar more, da kuma da yamma, ko da samun zuwa yamma da kuma kudancin makiyayarta, sa'an nan sami kanka a cikin Viennese makiyayarta.

A sauran reshe ya aikata wani detour tare da Alps da tafi zuwa yamma kusa, sa'an nan zuwa ga Danube.

Wadannan ayyuka sun kai ga cewa kungiyar da aka kewaye da abokan gaba.

The kama birnin

A kwata 'yanci na Vienna daga Nazis da ke shiga wani aiki lokaci tun da yamma na Afrilu 7, a lõkacin da dama reshe na uku UV Pressbaum kama da kuma motsa kara a uku kwatance: yamma, gabas da arewa.

A cikin 9th farawa da mummunan ɓangare na kama. Special juriya ga Jamusawa da game mallaka gada, saboda hakan na nufin shan cikakken da'irar. A karshen rana ta biyar na aiki da aka alama ta nasarar da Red Army - da ra'ayoyi na tsokana a cikin zobe, ko da yake tsakiyar sassan suka har yanzu kokarin yãƙi, kuma tsayayya.

A Afrilu 11 ya fara da mararraba na Danube Canal, kazalika da latest fadace-fadace, da kwato Vienna daga Nazis zuwa ga ƙarshe.

Don magance abokan gaba ya fi sauƙi, da Jamus sojojin da aka kashi hudu sassa, sa'an nan neutralized.

Ya fara cleanup na birnin, wanda ya ci gaba har sai Afrilu 13 abincin dare. Yana da wannan lambar, kuma an yi bikin Liberation Day a birnin Vienna.

Dangane da mazauna yankin da kuma birnin

Umurnin da Soviet Army domin nuna girmamawa ga tarihi da al'adu na kasar Austria babban birnin kasar. Tabbacin wannan - wani roko ga mutane na Vienna tare da wani roko ya taimake ta Red Army. A batu na reinforcements sa a gaskiyar cewa townspeople aka tambaye su kawai ba bar gidajensu ba tare da bada Jamus rushe ginin da kuma halakar da Monuments. Wadannan kalmomi da aka soma tare da babbar sha'awa.

A gaskiya, shi ne wata dabara tafi, jigon wanda shi ne: idan kana so ka taimaka ka - ceton wani mutum masoyi ga zuciya abu. Bayan da irin wannan da'awarsu asali tsaka tsaki ra'ayi na Austrians canza ga mafi alhẽri, kuma haka shi zai fara aiki tare.

Nasara a cikin wannan birni ya zama m, saboda na farko kama da Nazis kasar - Austria. A karkashin dukan yaki, wannan taron ya zamo farkon karshen for Nazi Jamus.

Tarayyar nasara

Abu na farko da ya kamata a lura, da yake magana a kan sakamako - shi ne halakar da wani babban rukuni na Wehrmacht, amma wanin cewa, dole ne a ce cewa a cikin shirye-shiryen da aiki shi ne gaba daya liberated Hungary, wanda da gudummawar da sojoji da 2nd da 3rd Ukrainian fronts. Kowaccen samu lambar yabo a gasar domin kwata 'yanci na Vienna.

Sa'an nan, a gabacin kasar da kuma babban birnin kasar kasance aiki.

Har ila yau, ya bude hanyar Prague, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a da sauri motsa gaba.

Kiyaye al'adu da tarihi da al'adunmu na daya daga cikin mafi kyau manya na Turai, kazalika da farkon na maido da Vienna.

Austria mutane ne a zahiri a bara bayan da fashi da makami, harin bom da kuma lalata, saboda a cikin wannan shekara ta 1945 da aka yi a m yanke shawarar samar da taimakon abinci ga yawan jama'a.

Asarar da zuwa Nazi Jamus

Kamar yadda ga asarar zuwa Berlin, yana da asarar iko da most masana'antu cibiyoyin na Yammacin Turai - Vienna masana'antu yankin da kuma rasa yaƙi domin Nadkanizhskoe mai filin. Ba tare da shi, da kewaye man fetur ƙiren ƙarya shuke-shuke da aka bar ba tare da albarkatun kasa. Saboda haka, Jamus rasa motsi kayan aiki, da kuma umurnin da aka tilasta janye shi zurfi a cikin nasara da yankuna, wanda a yarda Soviet sojojin su matsa gaba da sauri. A juriya bayar kawai dakaru raka'a, wanda bai iya ba mai tsanani rebuff da abokan gaba yayin da a karkashin dakarun.

Akwai tsaye barazana da shan kashi na Jamus, da kuma a sakamakon, da sallama na Nazi sojojin.

The hali na Jamus umurnin bã tãre da girmamawa da xaukakawa. Sojoji tabbatar da kansu a matsayin wani taro na dabbanci da Vandals wanda halakar da mafi kyau da kuma mafi girma a Cathedrals na birnin da kuma kokarin busa up matsakaicin yawan shafukan. Kuma barin garin, suka mined da na mallaka Bridge.

Memory da bikin

An fara daga shekarar 1945, a birnin Vienna a kowace shekara a kan Afrilu 13 murna da Rãnar kwata 'yanci daga Jamus invaders. A daya daga cikin titunan Vienna kafa Liberation Museum.

Kuma a rãnar da birnin watsi da abokan gaba, 24 Salvo na ɗari uku da bindigogi da aka ba a Moscow. Bayan wani lokaci, sai aka yanke shawarar kafa wani sabon lambar yabo ga mahalarta wadannan abubuwan - da lambar "Ga kwata 'yanci na Vienna."

Yau, a Bugu da kari ga gidan kayan gargajiya, wadannan m fadace-fadace reminiscent na tunawa da auku sojoji a Schwarzenbergplatz square, wanda aka kafa a cikin wannan shekara ta 1945 a farkon na sabuntawa na birni da kuma daukacin kasar. An sanya a cikin nau'i na tsaye daidai jirgin saman soja. A hannu daya da sojan da yake riƙe a banner, wani sa a kan garkuwa a cikin nau'i na gashi na makamai na Tarayyar Soviet. Wasu bayanai na zamani Masters fentin a rawaya launi.

Don bikin wannan nasara, 50 soja raka'a wanda bambanta da kansu a lokacin yaƙi, don Vienna, aka ba da girmamawa sunan "Vienna".