A mafi m littafin a duniya. Rating daga cikin rare zamani littattafai

A farko littafin ya bayyana a Rasha a farkon na XVI karni, a lokacin da na farko printer Ivan Fedorov, da alherin da Lardi na Kiev John fara aiki a kan "Manzo." A littafin ne aka yi nufi ga bauta, kuma ya ƙunshi Ayyukan Manzanni a cikin Sabon Alkawari, da wasiku Manzanni, kazalika da alilluiarii ayoyi daga Zabura. The aka yi harsãshinsa typography.

Shekara ɗari biyar sun shude tun da bazawa na "Manzo", da ruwa da yawa ya malalo. Yau zamani bugu latsa iya buga daruruwan dubban littattafai da m zane-zane a cikin wani iri-iri inuwõyi. Miliyoyin masu karatu suna jiran bayyanar a kan shelves na fi so littattafai da kuma snapping su nan take. The ayyukansu sun manyan tushen ruhaniya arziki na zamani mutum, kuma da rating daga cikin rare littattafai ya karu sosai a hannunsu.

Rawar da adabi

"A Rasha al'umma - mafi karatu a duniya" - da kalmomin da daya daga cikin referents na CPSU kwamitin tsakiya na Culture (watakila ya maimaita karin maganar classic) ya zama taken da dukan ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. Shin shi barata, ba don mu mu yi hukunci. Duk da haka, Rasha adabi yana da zurfin tarihi tushen (XI karni BC. E.). Major wallafe-wallafen Masterpieces, mafi yawa a rubutum, yanzu kiyaye a cikin Moscow, St. Petersburg da kuma sauran Rasha birane. Litattafansu na XVIII-XIX ƙarni suna kunshe a cikin horo da shirin a matsayin makarantun sakandare da kuma jami'o'i. Chekhov da Dostoevsky, Chernyshevsky da Griboyedov, dubun, kuma daruruwan marubuta sun gudummawar da taskar Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Kuma shi ne littattafan, littattafai, da littattafai ...

Littafi Mai Tsarki da kuma "Capital"

A mafi m littafin - shi ne haƙĩƙa Littafi Mai Tsarki, wanda yake shi ne wani ɓangare na rayuwa ga miliyoyin mutane ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma a kasashe da dama na duniya. Ba haka ba da dadewa, "Capital" - da muhimman hakkokin aikin Karla Marksa sharhi na jari hujja - kuma dauke da wani m edition, shi aka bukata karanta Soviet jam'iyyar functionaries, kazalika da dama, miliyoyin talakawa al'umma membobin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet.

Don cewa ya yi aikin na Karla Marksa - mafi m littafin, na iya zama wani stretch, saboda da shahararsa aka kafa saboda da farfaganda a kafofin watsa labarai. A wannan abu ya faru tare da Multi-girma edition daga cikin ayyukan V. I. Lenina - su kawai aka rarraba ƙarƙashin domin, ko da yake Retail tallace-tallace kasance halarce a karkashin lakabi da "Subscriptions".

A marigayi 50-ies na littafin kasuwar na Tarayyar Soviet akwai babbar matsala: abin da ya yi tare da Stalin ta rubuce-rubucen a 18 kundin, buga a kan mai kyau takarda, zane murfin da zinariya rubuta, a cikin wurare dabam dabam na 300 dubu kofe. Bayan ta ashirin jam'iyyar Congress, da aka gudanar a 1956, da kuma zargi da hali daba na shugaban na littafin da aka babu inda ya tafi. The girma da aka hallaka a cikin bude-hearth Tanderu, da kuma 'yan lokutta da zai iya ajiye a yau ne rarity darajar.

Rasha edition

Mafi mashahuri littattafan na yau a Rasha - shi Bulgakov ta litattafan da labarai, musamman perennial fitacciyar "Maigida, kuma Margarita", labarun Chekhov, da litattafan, m, kuma m aiki Kuprina litattafan Gogol satire. Next zo da warai m ayyukan Dostoyevsky, Leskov ta labarin-fiction, taba labari Bazhov ... Mafi mashahuri Rasha littafin iya canja wurin illa ma sha Allahu.

Literary balaguro din a cikin tarihi na Boris Akunin - shi ne mafi cancanta ga m rana, amma babu kasa shahara ayyukansu. Domin magoya na jami'in tsaro almarar littattafai aka buga Aleksandry Marininoy da Daria Dontsova, Tatyana Ustinova da Polina Dashkova. Wani kamar m bincike,, wani mike labarin, amma sunyi baki daya - da littafin ban sha'awa don karanta.

bincike,

Mafi mashahuri littattafan na yau aka gabatar a matsayin dama, leƙen asiri da kuma siyasa bincike,. Jami'in tsaro palette Rasha adabi fairly m da ya hada da irin kayayyakin kamar yadda "Petrovka 38" da "Ogareva, 6" Juliana Semenov, "Era Relief" Weiner yan'uwa "Hotel" Matattu mai hawan duwatsu "Strugackih 'yan'uwa. Duk da haka, Rasha da masu karatu ba watsi da jami'in tsaro da kuma kasada adabi waje marubuta. Books gane classic jami'in Genre, sanannen Artura Konan Doyle, kuma yanzu dauki girman kai na wuri a kan shelves miliyoyin Russia.

Sherlock Holmes

Adventure jami'in Sherlock Holmes da kuma abokinsa Dr. Watson - wannan Sankiran Masterpieces, fi jerin daga cikin rare littattafai na jami'in tsaro almarar shekaru da yawa. A marubuci Artura Konan Doyle, akwai wani jerin ayyukan sadaukar da shugaban na fashi, Captain Sharkey. Wadannan labaru ba su da wani jami'in farko, su ne reminiscent na kasada da kerawa Louis Bussenar, musamman, labari "Masu satar na Diamonds."

soyayya Books

Biyu kawai ga jami'in almarar ga Rasha karatu ne litattafan, novellas da gajejjeran labaru, game da soyayya. Melodramatic mãkirci, soyayya triangles, farin ciki da kuma bakin ciki, da apotheosis na soyayya da kuma ta fall - shi ke akwai a buga.

Gargajiya romantic dangantaka aka nuna a cikin samfurin ta "Eugene Onegin," Pushkin ta labari "Master kuma Margarita" by Bulgakov, a cikin labarin "Shulamith" Kuprin da yawa wasu. A mafi m littafin soyayya za a iya samu a dakunan karatu da kuma saida littafai.

Vil'mont da Demidov

Mafi shahararren mawallafa na zamani rubuce-rubuce a kan jigo na soyayya - shi ne Ekaterina Vilmont. za ka iya zaɓi "Fraud ruwa mai tsabta" daga karshe da ta rubuta, "bayan kofa m", "masking ga villain," "Yana da wuya ya zama jarumi." A wannan matakin a matsayin matakin Vilmont art ne Svetlana Demidov (Lubenets). Ta labarin "banal Story" da kuma "The dukan palette na taushi" ne boye shawarwari ga saba girls. Ekateriny Vilmont da Svetlana Demidova ayyukansu ne a kan hakan matakai na martaba "10 daga cikin rare littattafai game da soyayya."

almarar

Salo almarar ne ma wani babba yawan magoya. Littafi Strugatsky yan'uwa "Land of Crimson Clouds", "bakin hanya Fikinik", "Litinin fara ranar Asabar", "da wuya za a Allah" kunshe a cikin Golden Asusun na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Almarar kimiyya marubuci Ivan Efremov ne wani fitaccen marubucin labaru a wani ba na gaskiya ba girma. Ya m ayyukansu "Sa'ar da Bull," "The reza ta Edge," "Andromeda" murna fiye da daya tsara na m karatu.

Alexander Belyaev, marubucin na ban mamaki ƙarfi da zurfin ayyukansa, kamar "The Amphibian Man", "Farfesa Dowell ta Head", "Mai kaya iska", "Ariel", kan na karshe shekaru sittin, ba rasa su m darajar, shi ne daya daga cikin rare marubuta .

Mafi mashahuri littattafan (almarar da almarar kimiyya) da aka rubuta a cikin tsakiyar karni na karshe, mawallafa, da dama da ba, amma tunawa da su da rai. Movies harbe a kan ayyukan almarar kimiyya marubuta, fassara da abun ciki na litattafan a kansu hanya. Directed tambaya musamman effects domin bunkasa ra'ayi na aukuwa, kamar yadda ya saba mãkirci daga cikin fim revolves a kusa da wasu irin cosmic events. Hakika, a cikin littafin, wadannan dabaru ne ba samuwa, kuma mai karatu yana samun a cikin cinema, shi ne a wata asara - da ya gani ba yarda. Wannan shi ne na sihiri da cinema, amma a yanayin saukan idan darektan shi ne sha'awar ma conjuncture, a wallafe-wallafen karatu na mãkirci iya shafi - littafin da fim zai zama a tarnaƙi.

fantasy littattafai

A wuri na musamman a kan bookshelves na kowane gidan riƙe littafin fantasy. Wannan Genre reminiscent na almarar kimiyya, amma mafi muhimmanci shi ne ta daban-daban - fabulousness, unreality da kuma fayyace Categories nagarta da mugunta. Matsayin mai mulkin, da ayyukan da ake gina a kan mãkirci na adawa tsakanin nagarta da mugunta mayu.

A mafi m littafin fantasy rubuta a baya, amma kula da su ci gaba da unabated yau. A mafi daukan hankali scenes aza a bugu na Dzhoan Rouling ta Garri Pottere, a ayyukan Dzhona Tolkiena, kamar "Ubangijin Zobba" da kuma "The Banĩ Hurin". Domin wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu a fantasy Genre kuma iya hada labari "Gudun a kan Waves" Aleksandra Grina, a cikin abin da m events faruwa tare da wani farin ciki ga ãƙiba. A labarin da wannan marubucin "Scarlet filafili" Har ila yau yana da abubuwa na aljanna-labari, amma su ne mutum da aka yi asalin, kamar yadda Arthur Gray, fadi cikin soyayya da Assol, sewed da filafili na mulufi siliki a kan nasu - ba su bayyana sihiri kamar yadda ya faru a ayyukan fantasy. A littafin "The Scarlet filafili" za a iya dangana ga "aljanna-labari" category.

A mafi m littafin na fantasy - wani "Harry mai ginin tukwane" Dzhoan Roulling, wanda yana da dukan siffofin da wannan salon. Wannan ƙarshe ne sunyi baki daya zargi sanya a lokacin da jama'a tattaunawa na kerawa na marubuci.

Books ga matasa

Dab'i, mafi nemi-bayan matasa tsara - shi ne quite balagagge gargajiya ayyukansu. Characteristically, da maza da mata ake magana a kai a matsayin da suka fi so littafin da littattafai jere daga "The Little Prince" da Antoine Saint Exupery zuwa "Garnet Munduwa" Kuprin. Tsakanin wadannan abubuwan daka zaba ne ayyukan "Ubangijin Zobba" by Tolkien da kuma "Alice a Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll. Ibid, da kuma "The wawa" Dostoevsky da kuma "Dandelion Wine" da Ray Bradbury. "Arc de Triomphe" Erich Maria Remarque fahimta da kuma son 'yan mata 15-16 shekara.

Lalle Rasha - mafi karatu kasa a duniya. Mafi mashahuri littattafan tsakanin matasa a cikin daruruwan, maza da mata dogon aka biyar musu da su kakaninki a kan yawan karanta litattafai da suka zaba wa iyaye.

waje littattafai

Littafi na Amurka, Birtaniya da kuma Faransa mawallafa, ba kasa a bukatar a Rasha, fiye da ayyukan Rasha marubuta. Jami'in tsaro Genre ne Bafaranshe Zhorzh Simenon, wanda shi ne gwarzo na litattafan da kwamishinan Maigret. Agata Kristi, bauta wa yafi na yanzu halin nasu labaru, dõmin a san images of Hercule Poirot da kuma Miss Marple. Books of Agatha Christie iya Bet a kan yawan wallafe da ayyukan Shakespeare kuma ko da Littafi Mai Tsarki. Edgar Allan Poe, da American marubucin jami'in labaru, ya sami shahararsa saboda da samfurin na "zinariya kwaro".

Daga cikin American marubuta, da yawa mabiya sauran nau'o'i da cewa ba su da alaka da jami'in wallafe-wallafe. Da farko, wannan shi ne wani zinariya biyar American mawallafa, wanda ya hada da Ernest Hemingway, Dzhon Steynbek, Skott Fitsdzherald, Dzhon Apdayk da Uilyam Folkner. A karshen an dauki mafi bayyanannun litattafan marubuci a cikin dukan United States wallafe-wallafen tarihi. Littafinsa "The Sound da Fury", "Sartoris," "Light a watan Agusta" gane ayyukan da matakin qarshe ba. Kuma Snopes trilogy, ya tashi daga uku gaba daya m litattafan "alƙarya", "City", "House", shi ne batun da m tattaunawa, masu sukar da kuma 'yan jarida. Faulkner da ya fi rare littafin - da labari ", |aki", wanda a style da kuma abun ciki a cikin na kowa da wasan kwaikwayo na Dostoyevsky ta "Laifuka da azãba".