Karanta jerin Brodsky: reviews

List Brodsky - abin da yake da shi? Wannan ba kawai a jerin littattafan da aka haife shi a bugun jini na da alƙalami da fice a mawãƙi kuma essayist. Shi ne nasa hanya na koyon adabi. An gyara ga mutum mai rai a cikin 70-ies karni na karshe. Bayan duk, mutane dole ne sun karanta abubuwa da yawa na kyau littattafai kafin ya zama wani mawãƙi ko wani marubuci. Brodsky dauke da darajar da darajojin aesthetes a zamaninsa cewa mutane na addashin "kawai a kan diraya," paved hanya ga halittar wani maƙiya Adam, bisa manufa, na wani totalitarian yanayi.

Iosif Aleksandrovich - mai ban mamaki mutum. Shin musamman da biography. Ko ba haka ba, shi ya dubi kamar wani abu a cikin wani musamman hanya - ya zama wani mawãƙi da essayist yin halitta lokaci guda biyu gaban jihohi, da Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka, da kuma wucewa na mawãƙi zuwa karshen, za a binne shi a Venice, da haifuwa na Renaissance da X yankin na Roman Empire !

Nadezhda Mandelstam, wani tsofaffi mace wanda ya taba yi kokarin hango ko hasashen da rabo daga cikin matasa Brodsky: "Ya - kyau ... kananan, amma ina jin tsoro cewa zai kawo karshen mugun." Kuma haka shi ne tare da Iosifom Aleksandrovichem: a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, shi daina buga, sa'an nan kuma ya kasance a Amurka.

Brodsky fitarwa kasashen waje

List Brodsky da aka sani ga an rubuta ta da shi a cikin tsakiyar seventies na karshe karni, a lokacin da ya tilasta ƙaura zuwa Amurka. A kan teku, ya zauna a matsayi na biyar American kwaleji farfesa. The aiki na ilimi lakabi na wani mutum tsunduma a kai-ilimin shekaru 15, ya kasance da wani m na amincewa da ikonsa hankali.

A Amurka, Farfesa consistently zauna a birane uku: na farko, a Ann Arbor, sai New York da kuma karshe - a Kudu Hadley.

Da littattafai na selection na littattafai a cikin jerin Brodsky

Malamin bai kawai ya nema ya kunna ta dalibai a cikin mutane masani a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Ya yi kokarin canza su hali zuwa harshen.

Masomin ya ɓullo da jadawalin ga mabiyan (Brodsky jerin) ne a zance daga wani waka da Birtaniya William Auden ta "A Memory of U. B. Yeytsa", wanda ya furta cewa, kawai suka ci gaba ji na harshe iya "qara", "zuga" mutumin a cikin poetic art.

Kuma zuwa cim ma wannan ruhaniya mataki, ba ta da sha'awar kai-da ilimi, ba zai yiwu ba. American farfesa Soviet asalin dalibai saya daga eccentric ɗaukaka. Ya kasance wani malamin musamman, na bukatar dalibai m karanta wani jam'i na guda, kowanne daga cikin wadannan matasa da a fahimci marubucin ilmi. Kimanta hikima pedagogical na'urar furofesoshi kada ta kasance daga ra'ayi na masani, kuma daga mahangar da mawãƙi-yi.

Sense of harshen matsayin Alpha da Omega na zama wani mawãƙi

Wa ya mai girma sirri poetic kwarewa da kuma dogon su ci gaba da abreast na duniya da al'adun, Iosif Aleksandrovich rinjawarwa jãyayya da cewa samuwar mawãƙi ba ya zo daga "ƙishirwa ga kerawa" da kuma ba da kyakkyawar fahimtar da dokokin halittar waqe. A babban alama irin wannan mutum, bisa ga Brodsky, shi ne kawai "abin nufi da harshe." Ba tare da shi, shayari ne matattu.

Rasha-magana Internet masu amfani, wani lokacin bayyana bewilderment cewa taso saboda rashin a cikin jerin ayyukan da mawãƙi Pushkin, Lermontov, saninsu da shi kamar yadda wasu irin siyasa insinuations. A gaskiya, duk da haka, abu ne mai wuya su iya shiga tsakani.

Lalle ne, jerin Brodsky rubuta wani American malami wa dalibai. Kuma wasu dalibai ne 'yan qasar Turanci jawabai. Saboda haka, cikin jerin kõma sama da mawãƙi, da mawallafa gabatar, gravitating zuwa Yammacin dabi'u. A ƙarshe, mun kasance zargi: mawãƙa, "wanda ya yi tafiya a kan m reza ta baki" da "sabon a cikin jini da rai rãyukansu," ya kamata a ji a gida, ya gane, gane shi ne ta mutane. Sa'an nan za Brodsky aka kama shi kuma kõre, kuma zai yi ya rubuta jerin for Rasha-magana dalibai. Kuma a cikin na ƙarshen, haƙĩƙa, dã ya kasance Pushkin, Lermontov, kuma da yawa wasu ...

Brodsky da kuma farkon poetic aiki

Iosif Aleksandrovich bai yi wani asiri a karkashin kulle da kuma key su hanya a cikin shayari. Ya shaida wa] aliban cewa, a cikin matasa, shekaru 15, ya rubuta wakoki sporadically kuma da ka. Da zarar, a lokacin da yake an shekara 16, ya soja kurum marar a cikin ma'aunan kasa balaguro. Na yi aiki a kusa da kan iyakar kasar Sin, da arewa gundumar. Amur.

The balaguro, ya karanta wani juz'i daga shayari Baratynsky, da mawãƙi na XIX karni (abõkin Pushkin). Shi ne da wakoki na Yevgeny Abramovich a su da tasiri a kan Brodsky powered ya "ji na harshe." Bugu na kerawa Baratynsky ya ƙawãtar masa ci gaba, ya jagoranci mawãƙi rubuta gaske mai kyau waka.

Daga baya Petersburg ta matasa marubuci ya dauki rubutu na da yawa tips ya m abokin aiki, da mawãƙi Evgeniya Reyna, wanda har mutuwarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Rasha.

Af, a cikin ta farko mahada aka aiko ni Iosif Aleksandrovich saboda abin da yake a cikin Sphere na mataki na musamman da sabis (suna kullum kallo cũtar Ahmatovoy, wanda mawãƙi hadu).

A mafi asali malami da jerin

Ya almajiri, Sven Birkerts, wanda ya zama sananne wallafe-wallafen zargi, ya ce ya takwarorinsu Brodsky tuna kamar yadda biyu da mafi mũnin malami, a hannu daya, mafi basu baye da - a kan sauran.

Me mafi munin (sabon abu ya ji cewa kalmar a cikin mahallin da sunan sanannen mawãƙi)? Sven sosai amsar wannan tambaya. Gaskiyar cewa Joseph A. cikakken yi kome ba da ƙwarin da girma daga cikin dalibi jiki na wallafe-wallafe.

Ya kasance wani individualist, da kuma wani jerin Brodsky da shawarar ya sirri ci gaba kowane adept. Kuma waɗanda dalibai wanda har yanzu dame su karanta littafin, ya nuna shi iya ko da yaushe dõgara a kan shawara, magana da Jagora. Bisa ga memoirs na Sahaban, Brodsky ta da murya ya unusually cikakken launukansa. Ya yi magana kadan a kan hanci, ya kuma ce shi ne ko da yaushe ban sha'awa. Abokai raha kira shi da wani "mutum-tagulla band."

Minutes daga m magana da dalibai na farashin da aka ba.

Pedagogies Joseph Alexandrovich, bisa ga tunaninsu na Sven Birkerts, shi ne na musamman. Malam wajen ba sanar da adabi, da kuma kokarin kai irin hali.

A mafarki na nutsewa a cikin adabi

Shi ne a farkon na biyu a takaice gabatar daya daga cikin fice ayyuka, wanda aka cika da m wasu dalibai m jerin Brodsky. Kuma sai na tambaye shi game da ji ya sa ta Akhmatova waka ko Montale su kusantar da dalibai a cikin fagen fama, furta shahara Sergeya Dyagileva quote: "Mamaki ni." Yana da aka ba sauki American yaro ko yarinya don bayyana, misali, idan gudanar nasarar nuna Akhmatova wuta scene ko bayyanãwa hasashe "Iliad."

Ba kowa ba ne aka jawabi mafi yabo Brodsky. Single kalmar "ban mamaki" Mafi sau da yawa, da talakawan dalibi ne banal fili ya rashin fahimta. Brodsky a wannan lokacin matse a hannun wani unlit taba ...

Amma bayan duk wannan mataki shi ne wani babba rabo na ci mutumci. Bayan sauraron da kokarin da dalibi, Iosif Aleksandrovich samar da ya shahara numfasa, ya dubi kewaye da dukan ajin sa'an nan ya fara magana. Ya tambaye tambayoyi da ya amsa musu ya ce. Ya jagoranci mabiyansu ta hanyar ƙunci daga sauti da ƙungiyoyi cika da tunanin da ya sauraro wayar da kan jama'a mamaki ikon harshe. Sven Birkerts da kuma dalibai kamar shi, suka tafi da haɗuwa da wata ma'ana na ganuwa sojojin swirling a kusa da su, amma unclaimed a talakawa rai.

Amurka Bil Adama yaba jerin

Karanta jerin Brodsky bayyana m mataki a cikin samuwar matasan {asar Amirka. Su na farko horar da Dzhona Dyui tsarin, suna da da basira da m tunani, da ikon wa kafofin yada kimanta al'amarin rayuwa. Amma Iosif Aleksandrovich bai gane da wannan tsarin. A darasi na farko ya ba da dalibai da wani m jerin taƙaice sanar da mabiya cewa cikin shekaru biyu da ransu ya kamata a sadaukar da wannan Canon.

Lalle ne, farko da fice a jerin canonical texts Brodsky karanta kuma ƙare m ayyukansu 70-ies karni na karshe.

Babu shakka, wannan jerin za a iya kara zuwa yau dalibai. Daga cikin teku na adabi, bayyana a kowace shekara, kuma a yalwace a kan shelves, ya kamata ka zabi wani littafi, da ciwon real m darajar. Ka tuna cewa babban sharudda ga wannan ya zama wani ma'ana na harshe, da basira fassara da Brodsky.

Contents Brodsky jerin. "Bhavati gita", "Mahabharata"

Iosifa Brodskogo jerin fara da "bhavati-gita" (Allah na song). A darajar wannan aiki ya ta'allaka ne a mayar da hankali a kan ci gaban mutum na ibada. Ya taimaka masa a warware primary tambaya: "Wane ne ni?", Na taimaka wa rabo daga ciki yanayin zama dole don cimma ruhaniya dabi'u. The "bhavati gita" ya hada da daga rayuwar yau da kullum ga rai na ruhaniya, kuma aka nasaba, da gaskiya.

Na biyu aikin cewa tana nufin wani jerin muhimmanci karatu Brodsky, ne "Mahabharata". Yana kama da almara, nuna da matsaloli na zamantakewa da jigon da mutum, da rabo daga cikin 'yanci da kuma makoma (rabo). Mahabharata, a daya hannun, ta yi maraba da unselfishness, kuma tare da wani - dora alhakin da cikakken renunciation daga cikin amfanin da wani sirri yanayi.

tsohon Alkawari

Iosif Aleksandrovich a na uku wuri daga saman littattafai, bude sanannen Brodsky jerin ambaci Littattafai na Kiristoci da kuma Yahudawa - Tsohon Alkawali. Kamar yadda ka sani, shi ne aka rubuta ainihin Ibrananci. Jamhuriyar falsafa da kuma akida na shi ne Sinai alkawari - cikin wajibai da dokar ta Allah a kan al'ummar Isra'ila, wanda ya zama tushen da Attaura (a Attaura don kisa).

Akwai jerin sanannun mawãƙi da sauko mana a duniya ta farko bestseller - wani littafin game da gwarzo na dukan zamanin da duniya, mai kasada, nasara da kuma basu baye sarki Gilmageshe.

tsoho adabi

List Brodsky - a voluminous jerin wallafe-wallafe da cewa za a iya classified. A mawãƙi ya ba na farko da mutum wanda ya shirya wannan jerin. Known jerin Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo fi daidaita a kan Chronology na da tasiri a kan shugabanci na karatu. List kamar yadda Yusufu Alexandrovich da nufin taimaka ma su "asali hira."

Just bayan ruhaniya ayyukansu, bisa ga dabaru na Brodsky, dole ne kewaye wani gungu na zamanin d adabi: Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Horace, Mark Avrely, Aristophanes ... Wannan jerin ne bai cika ba, shi yana da game da 20 sunayen. Brodsky kansa a wata hira da aka bayyana aniyarsa da adabi na zamanin d duniya da raya kasa na "ji na lokaci." Saboda haka ya raɗa masa fahimtar yanayi da lokaci da kuma tasirin da take da kan mutane.

Me ya sa haka da yawa da hankali biya Greek kuma Roman adabi Iosif Aleksandrovich? Shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa a cikin wallafe-wallafen da'irori sai aka kira shi Roman. Sabõda haka na ji dadin conceptualized da kuma fede wallafe-wallafen mask. Jayayya game da Tarayyar Soviet, ya euphemistically kira shi "Roma".

Deep fahimtar jigon da daular (da sadaukarwa bauta Kaisar, umarci ikon) ya peculiar masa, ya gano da kansa da wannan zargi da kõre mawãƙi Ovid.

Kamar haka yana da ba sosai ta Soviet (Roman) hukuma, kamar yadda masana, to sa up tare da rashin 'yanci.

Brodsky jerin ƙunshi vosled ga tsoho littattafai da dama a jere tubalan. Next - da adabi na Renaissance. Gabatar da littafin Fransua Rable da Dante Alighieri, a jarumi na platonic soyayya.

Western da kuma Rasha shayari

A gaba block a cikin jerin ne West Turai adabi da bourgeois zamantakewa samuwar kuma Rasha shayari na Azurfa Age. A mawallafa zaba tare da dandano, bisa ga basira da kuma muhimmancin da wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu:

• Rasha Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Boris Pasternak, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolay Zabolotsky, Vladislav Khodasevich.
• Birtaniya da kuma Amirka, Thomas Hardy, Tomas Eliot, Robert Frost, Marianna Mur, Uisten Oden, Elizabeth Bishop.
• Jamus: Rainer Rilke, Ingeborg Bachmann, Georg Trakl, Gottfried Benn.
• Spanish: Federico Garcia Lorca, Antonio Machado, Rafael Alberti, Juan Ramon Himenos.
• Yaren mutanen Poland: Zbigniew Herbert, Czeslaw Milosz, Leopold Staff, Wislawa Szymborska.
• Faransa: Zhyul Syupervel, Blez Sandrar, Giyom Apolliner, Maks Zhakob, Anri Misho.
• Greek: Giorgos Seferis, Konstantin Kavafis, Yannis Ritsos.
• Yaren mutanen Sweden: Harry Martinson, Gunnar Ekellef.

ƙarshe

Har yanzu, da rawa sa wani jerin Brodsky. Reviews wannan littafin masoya sunyi baki daya a cewa wannan jerin ne haƙĩƙa cancanci da hankali, bisa baiwa da Brodsky.

Kuma rigingimu tashi. Mutane daya-daya da masu karatu kalubalanci yiwuwa na karanta a sararin tsararru na zamanin d wallafe-wallafe. Wasu amsa cewa, darajar tsoho adabi ne na bakin ciki (yanzu haka ba a rubuta) da elaboration na mutum biyu.

Mutane da yawa masu karatu comments ne m. Wani ya tuna min da cewa tsarin "bhavati gita" shi ne wani ɓangare na "Mahabharata". Wa shakka da amincin jerin, bayyana matsayinsa da kasancewar a cikin shi na ayyukan Nikolai Klyuev, mutum anti-Semitic da kuma propartiynoy fuskantarwa.

Don takaice, shi ne ya kamata a lura da Babban abu: wani littafi daga cikin jerin Brodsky aiki a matsayin fatar-duwatsu da kerawa Yusufu Alexandrovich. Shi ne hanyar zuwa wayar da kan jama'a na da kyau na shayari Brodsky offers da masu karatu jerin.

Ga wanda shi ne na m darajar? Ba dukan mutane da musamman philological da kuma wallafe-wallafen da ilimi. Amma wasu daga cikinsu boye poetic ko prosaic iyawa. Yadda za a tashe shi? A bayyane yake za a karanta da dama mai kyau littattafai. Kuma daga wannan ra'ayi cikakken jerin Brodsky - ba a bad zaɓi don fara.