Abin da Slavic jihar fito kafin wasu? Slavic ka'idar asalin Old Rasha jihar

Events tsufa ko da yaushe rigima: idan akwai wani abin dogara bayanai, yana da wuya a tabbatar da al'amarin. Bayan rubuce-rubuce ya bayyana a kwanan nan more sau fiye da sanannun abubuwan tarihin da cewa ba a gyarawa, da kuma zo mana a cikin irin camfin da Legends. Muhawarori ne game da asalin na Slavs, halittar tsoho Rasha, da kuma game da abin da Slavic jihar fito kafin sauransu.

Origin da kuma shiri na Slavs

Kamar yadda tarihi data, a cikin Sabunta karni BC Indo-Turai kabilu zauna a yankin na kudancin bakin tekun na da Caspian Sea. Daga cikin wadannan wurare da kuma mutane da ciwon rassa uku, wanda aka koma a daban-daban kwatance:

- Celts, Jamus da kuma Latins zauna a yammaci da kuma kudancin Turai,

- baltoslavyane zauna a yankin tsakanin Vistula da Dnieper,

- Iran da kuma Indiyawan suna located in West da Kudancin Asia.

Wannan ya faru a cikin II karni BC. Kuma kawai a cikin V karni BC ta baltoslavyan tsaya daga reshe na Slavs, wanda zauna a Jamhuriyar Turai. Abin da Slavic jihar fito kafin sauran mutane, a cikin abin da karni ne wannan ya faru?

shiri na Slavs

Shi ne saboda baltoslavyanskih al'ummai da wani Western, Southern da Eastern Slavs, mamaya daidai da: Tsakiya Turai, da Balkans da kuma Gabashin Turai. A yammacin Slavs ne Czechs, Slovaks, Dogayen sanda, coast-'yan daga gabashin tudu na Baltic Sea, kabilan a gefen gabas na Elbe River. Balkan Larabawa zaune Kudu Slavic al'ummai: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians. A karkashin gabashin Slavs tana nufin Rasha kakanninsu, Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci al'ummai.

A lokacin babban hijirarsa al'umma Slavs shagaltar da sararin yankin gabashin Turai da kuma Balkan Larabawa. Daga cikin VII karni BC riga ya bayyana farko bayanai game da Slavic jihohi. Makwabta al'ummai hada da kafa a cikin jihar Tsarin da ya fara dama da Slavs. Abin da Slavic jihar fito da kowa daga cikin kabilan cewa sun shagaltar da babba ƙasa?

Da kanta da kuma da iko

Yana da yake a cikin VII karni BC zo na farko tribal jam'iyya karkashin iko na shugaban na Slavs - kanta. A wannan na uku ikon shiga cikin ƙasa na Moravian, Basulake, Czech. Its babban birnin Visegrad, sun sanar da cewa tsaye a kan Morava River. Wannan Slavic jihar fito kafin sauransu.

Cikin rayuwar mutumin da sosai kadan da aka sani: shi ne mai Frankish m, wanda ya zama kafa na daular a 620 - 623 shekaru. A tarihin Fredegarda akwai wani taƙaitaccen ambaci rayuwa da kanta, da kuma cewa shi ya kasance wani arna. Ko da yake a wannan lokaci da Franks sun riga Kiristoci.

The sosai farko tsoho Slavic jihar ta taso ne saboda na akai harin na Avars a ƙasarsu: shi ne mai makwabcin ta Empire, located a kan ƙasa na yau Hungary, da kuma kullum aika zuwa cikin yankunan da hare-hare na su marauders, samar da tashin hankali da fararen hula. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani tawaye da Slavs kan Avars. Yana tafe tare da mutanensa goyon cikin Slavic tawaye. Ya lashe dukkan fadace-fadace, da kuma yi ƙarfi, jarumi warrior.

A zamanin

Jaruntakan da dabarun jagorancin kai ga sosai ganin cewa ya an zabe sarki. Ya mallakar wani daular har 658 AD - 35 years. Frankish tarihin rubuta game da Fredegard ke cewa a lokacin da shekaru na mulkinsa aka ba su rasa guda yaƙi. Ko da yaƙi tare da Frankish Empire da shugabanni Dagobert a 631 shekara, ya ƙare tare da nasarar da Slavs.

A bukatarsa mutu a 658 - 659 shekara. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga records Fredegarda daular Gwamnan yana 12 Slavic mãtan aure ba, wadda ta haifa masa 'ya'ya maza 22 da kuma 15 da' ya'ya mata. Duk da shekaru 35 da suka yi mulki da wani daular da farin ciki da kuma ba shi kashi daga abokan gābansu. Abin da ya faru da ikon bayan da mutuwa da kanta? Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa ta fasa up sake zuwa raba kabilu.

Yanzu, lokacin da ya bayyana abin da Slavic jihar fito baya fiye da wasu, da kuma fahimtar dalilin da bayyanar - domin kariya daga makiya.

Great Moravian daular

Daga baya, a farkon IX karni, a wannan yankuna tashi wani West Slavic jihar - da Great Moravian Empire. Da farko, shi ne dogara a kan jihar francs. To, shi ne batun da Jamus. Amma nan da nan da ikon tsiwirwirinsu samun 'yancin kai da kuma ya shiga cikin wani ƙawance da Byzantine Empire. Warware daga rinjayar Jamus, da Moravian sarakuna yanke shawarar rabu da su da limaman: su tambayi Rum aika da mishaneri - firistoci su yi wa'azi a cikin Slavic harshe. Saboda haka a Moravia a 863, akwai malamai daga Bulgaria - Kirill na Mefody. Sun aikata babban aiki: halicci Slavic haruffa, ta amfani da Girkanci haruffa, fassara da dama addini littattafai. da yawa majami'u da aka gina a Moravia.

Amma duk da haka sarauta rududdugaggu a 906: akai yaƙi tare da Jamus sanya ta ita da rauni, da kuma Hungarians sun iya ji ciwo a rinjãyarsu, kuma wani ɓangare na ƙasar kwace. Nazarin ne a Slavic jihar fito kafin sauran mutane, ba za a ce game da Bulgarians.

Bulgarian mulki

Ana zargin da Bulgarian jihar Dates baya ga shekara 681. Shi ne mai karfi jam'iyya na Slavic da Turkic kabilu. Bulgarian Empire rayayye ci gaba, suka yi yaƙi da Rumawa, Slavs. Shugabanni na kasa, Boris na da ɗansa da Saminu, da karfafa da kuma fadada iyakokin da tekun Black Sea. A babban birnin kasar na mulkin shi ne birni na Preslav. Wannan Slavic jihar fito kafin wasu, har ya mai da Great Moravian jihar.

Saminu kuwa daya daga cikin shugabanni, wanda ya gabatar da ba Kirista hadisai a kasar. Ya kasance ilimi, ilimi a Konstantinoful, Malamai sarki. Saminu ya jagoranci m tattalin arziki siyasa, fadada iyakoki na jihar da kuma ko da kokarin zama shugaban Byzantine Empire.

Bayan rasuwar Saminu a 927, ikon ya kasance batun da hare-hare da kuma Rumawa, kuma Rusich. Eh, da kuma tsage ta ciki saba wa juna a kasar. A 1014 Bulgarian Empire suka fara fada. Game da wata Slavic jihar fito kafin sauran mutane, za a iya gani a cikin tarihi, a cikin abin da suke cẽwa, kuma halittar Rasha.

Kievan Rus

A jihar Kievan Rus tashi a nuna na IX karni. Waɗannan su ne kabilan Eastern Slavs, da suka zo tare. Amma fitowan na kasar ya faru a kan ƙarni, a dama, saukarwa. Nestor na tarihin a cikin "Tale of bygone Years" ya ba da bayanin irin Kievan Rus, da samuwar da kuma ci gaba. A hankali, kasar ta zama daya daga cikin mafi iko da kuma tasiri a Turai. Yana da muhimmanci a san ba kawai abin da Slavic jihar fito kafin sauran mutane, amma ta sauka a hankali samuwar da kuma ƙarfi.

A farko da key mataki - shi ne ƙungiyar na masarauta biyu: da Novgorod da Kiev. Ta hanyar da ayyukan Veschego Olega wanda nasara Kiev a 882 da suka kulla dangantakar diplomasiyya tare da Rum, da fadada da iyakoki da Rasha. A jam'iyya na biyu mulkoki da aka alama ta fitowan na jihar na Eastern Slavs. Riga ta 1054 duk da Slavic kabilu daga Gabas kasance wani ɓangare na Kievan Rus - shi ne ta heyday. Na dogon lokaci, kasar da aka haɗe, amma auka na barazana har yanzu wanzu. A 1132 Kyiv Rus rududdugaggu gaba daya.

Slavic ka'idar asalin Old Rasha jihar

Akwai da dama theories na Old Rasha jihar, daya daga cikinsu - Slavic, ko kuma shi ne ake kira "autochthonous". A cewar wannan ka'idar, statehood wanzu a Rasha dogon kafin ta tara karni. Malaman tarihi sun rubuta cewa, a zamanin da shi ne ko da uku cibiyoyin na Slavs: Cuiaba, Artania, Slavia.

Vikings taka leda a unifying rawa tsakanin arewa da kudu. Daga su kasance da sunan: Rasha - daga kabilar "Rus". Nestor na tarihin a cikin "Tale of bygone Years" ya bayyana rai da Eastern Slavs kafin isowa na Vikings. Ya yi magana game da 'yan'uwa uku - Slavs: Kiya, kunci, Horeb. Babbansu ya - alama mulki da kuma sanya tafiye-tafiye zuwa Konstantinoful, aka dauke kafa na Slavic daular. Kiev ya tsakiyar zamanin d ƙungiyoyi daga cikin filin.

ƙarin tabbaci

Da samuwar tsoho jihohi, Slavic ka'idar aka tabbatar da labari na Prince of Novgorod Gostomysl wanda ya mata uku. Ya rasa dukan yara a yakin da kuma fadace-fadace tare da Scandinavians. Lokacin da ta zama mazan, ya juya daga abin da yake da kowa ya wuce ya daular. Daya daga cikin 'ya'ya mata - Umila, da aka bai wa Varyag - Rasha, da kuma ta' ya'yansu uku da aka haife. Sa'an nan, ya kira Gostomysl su jikoki - Rurik, sineus da truvor matsayin wakilan da Slavic tseren, kai sarauta. labari aka tabbatar da wani ioachim labarinsa.

Slavic ka'idar asalin da tsoho Rasha jihar tushen masanin kimiyya M. V. Lomonosovym. A cikin karni na 19th shi ya zama magoya bayan wannan masana tarihi kamar yadda Belyaev, Ilichevsky da Zabelin. A cikin ka'idar M. Lomonosov ya yi jãyayya a cikin XVIII karni, cewa Rurik ya ba Scandinavian - shi ya kasance wani Slav. Vikings bayyana da yawa daga baya Slavs kuma yana da wannan tushen tare da su. A zama na Old Rasha jihar, tun kafin zuwan Kievan Rus, bisa ga Jordan, da Gothic tarihi, da kuma "Dattijon Edda" da "Littafin Veles". Sun bayyana ci Goth Germanareha, sauko da ta faɗa ga Volga da Caspian Sea.

The yaki tare da Goths

Isa a zamanin d Rasha asashe, Germanareh farko sanya zaman lafiya, kuma daga baya aure da 'yar'uwa na Slavic prince Booth, ta kira Swan-CBA. Ta yi aure for 110 shekaru Germanareha matsayin biyan bashin wata yarjejeniya. Kuma kawai bayan da masifu: Germanareh kashe matarsa da dansa, koma da ci Slavs. Amma Ruskolani kare ya tsaya a cikin hanyar shirya kuma ba a yarda ya isa cikin zuciya na kasar. Brothers Swans SAW-sarakuna Booth da Zlatogor saka wa 'yar'uwarsa, ya kashe Germanareha. Haka abin ya fara a Slavic-Gothic yaki. Booth mutum-mutumi, a samu a cikin ta Arewa Caucasus, ya tabbatar da wanzuwarsa:

Masana tarihi jayayya karshe ƙarni: daya ka'idar ƙaryata wasu. Amma da daidaitar da ka'idar Slavic ce ba gardama facts ko da aka bayyana a Nestor. Shin disorganized jama'a, waxanda suke 'yan da daji, iya tattara da kuma ba da tamanin dubbai sojojin 2,000 jiragen ruwa, wanda, haka ma, zai iya tafiya da? Asa? A Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Oleg ya jagoranci wannan yakin, kuma ƙusance masa garkuwa a kan ƙofofi na Konstantinoful - Konstantinoful! Saboda haka Rurik sarautar zo ba daga karce, amma a cikin gaba daya m Slavic jihar.