Aircraft aluminum: halaye

Saboda da sauƙi, ductility da kuma juriya ga lalata da aluminum ya zama ba makawa abu da yawa a cikin masana'antu. Aircraft aluminum - rukuni na gami iri dabam-dabam a cikin hada high ƙarfi magnesium, silicon, jan, kuma manganese. Goya ƙarin ƙarfin da gami, ta hanyar m. N. "Tsufa sakamako" - musamman Hanyar hardening a ƙarƙashin rinjayar na dogon lokaci wani m yanayin. A gami da aka ƙirƙira a farkon karni na 20th a karkashin sunan duralumin, yanzu da aka sani kuma a karkashin sunan "Avial".

Definition. tarihi baya

A farkon tarihin jirgin sama aluminum gami da aka dauke su 1909. Jamus metallurgical m Alfred Wilm empirically kafa, idan wani aluminum gami da kananan Bugu da kari na jan karfe, manganese da magnesium bayan hardening a zazzabi na 500 ° C da ice tsaya a 20-25 ° for 4-5 days, shi a hankali ya zama da wuya da kuma karfi, ba tare da rasa da sassauci. A hanya da ake kira "tsufa" ko "maturing". A wannan hardening jan atoms cika karami jam'i na zones a hatsi iyakoki. A diamita na jan karfe zarra ne karami fiye da na aluminum, saboda akwai matsawa danniya, game da shi kara da ƙarfi daga cikin abu.

Domin da farko lokacin da gami da aka ƙware a Jamus masana'antu Dürener Metallwerken kuma samu iri Dural, Saboda haka da sunan "duralumin". Daga bisani, American metallurgist R. B. kuma m Dzhafris abun da ke ciki inganta ta canza yawan yafi magnesium. A sabon gami kira 2024 wanda daban-daban gyare-gyare suna yadu amfani a yau, amma dukan iyali da gami - "Avial". Sunan "jirgin sama aluminum", wannan gami ya samu kusan nan da nan bayan bude kamar yadda gaba daya maye gurbin itacen da karfe a yi da jirgin sama.

The main iri da kuma halaye

Akwai uku main kungiyoyin:

• Iyali na aluminum-manganese (Al-mn), da kuma aluminum-magnesium (Al-MG). Babban halayyar - high, da wuya na baya zuwa tsarki aluminum lalata juriya. Irin wannan gami amsa da kyau zuwa waldi da soldering, amma bad yanke. Ba taurare, ta zafi magani.
• Lalata-resistant aluminum-tsarin gami da magnesium-silicon (Al-MG-Si). Hardening zafi magani, wato quenching a 520 ° C bi ta ruwa quenching da na halitta tsufa for game da kwanaki 10. A banbamta halayyar wannan rukuni na kayan - high lalata juriya a lokacin da amfani da, a al'ada yanayi, da kuma a karkashin danniya.
• Tsarin gami, aluminum-jan-magnesium (Al-Cu-MG). Su akai - doped jan karfe, manganese, magnesium, kuma aluminum. By sãɓãwar launukansa rabbai na alloying abubuwa shirya jirgin sama aluminum, da halaye na wanda zai iya bambanta.

Materials na karshen kungiyar mallaka kyau inji Properties, amma suna sosai saukin kamuwa zuwa lalata fiye da na farko da na biyu iyali na gami. A mataki na laulayi lalata shi ne dogara a kan irin surface jiyya, wanda shi ne har yanzu wajibi ne don kare fentin ko anodized. A lalata juriya da aka karu da gabatar da wani bangare na manganese gami.

Bugu da kari ga uku main iri gami ne ma fitaccen Forging gami, zafi-resistant, high-ƙarfi tsarin et al. Shin wajibi ne ga wani musamman aikace-aikace Properties.

Sa alama na jirgin sama gami

International matsayin farko jirgin sama aluminum alama lambar nuna babbar alloying abubuwa na gami:

• 1000 - m aluminum.
• 2000 - duralumin gami, alloyed da tagulla. A wani lokaci - ya fi na kowa Aerospace gami. Saboda babban ji na ƙwarai to danniya lalata fatattaka aka ƙara maye gurbinsu 7000 jerin gami.
• 3000 - alloying kashi - manganese.
• 4000 - alloying kashi - silicon. Gami suna kuma aka sani a matsayin Silumin.
• 5000 - alloying kashi - magnesium.
• 6000 - mafi roba gami. Alloying abubuwa - magnesium da silicon. Termozakalke iya hõre kara da ƙarfi, amma baya a cikin wannan siga 2000 da kuma 7000 series.
• 7000 - thermally ƙẽƙashe gami, mafi m jirgin sama-sa aluminum. Babban alloying abubuwa - tutiya da magnesium.

Sa alama na biyu adadi - aluminum gami gyare-gyare bayan na farko jerin lamba - da lambar "0". A karshe biyu Figures - na gami da lambar, bayani a kan ta tsarki na impurities. Idan samfur gami da aka kara wa alama biyar harafin "X".

Yau, ya fi kowa daraja jirgin sama aluminum: 1100, 2014, 2017, 3003, 2024, 2219, 2025, 5052, 5056. The bayãnin hukuncin fasali na wadannan gami ne: lightness, ductility, mai kyau tauri, da juriya ga abrasion, lalata da kuma high danniya. A cikin jirgin sama masana'antu mafi yadu amfani gami - iska 6061 da kuma 7075.

tsarin

Babban alloying abubuwa jirgin sama aluminum ne jan karfe, magnesium, silicon, manganese, kuma tutiya. A kashi da nauyin wadannan abubuwa a cikin gami sanin halaye kamar ƙarfi, sassauci, da juriya ga inji tasirin, da dai sauransu A tushe gami - aluminum, asali alloying abubuwa :. Copper (2,2-5,2% by nauyi), magnesium (0, 2-2.7%) kuma manganese (0.2-1%).

A iyali na jirgin sama aluminum-silicon gami (4-13% taro) da qananan abun ciki na wasu alloying abubuwa - jan karfe, manganese, magnesium, tutiya, titanium, beryllium. Yana amfani ga yi na hadaddun sassa, kuma aka sani da silumin ko jefa aluminum gami. The iyali na aluminum-magnesium gami (1-13% by nauyi) tare da sauran abubuwa suna da wani babban ductility da kuma lalata juriya.

Rawar da jan karfe a cikin abun da ke ciki na jirgin sama aluminum

A gaban jan a cikin abun da ke ciki na gami jirgin sama na taimaka wa ta karfafa, amma a lokaci guda shi ne mafi sharri a gare ta lalata juriya. Faduwa a hatsi iyakoki a lokacin quenching, jan sa gami saukin kamuwa zuwa pitting lalata, danniya da lalata da kuma intergranular lalata. Zones arziki a cikin jan ne galvanically mafi cathodic fiye da kewaye aluminum matrix da haka mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa lalata abin da ke faruwa da electrochemical inji. Kara jan ciki a cikin gami nauyi zuwa 12% qara ƙarfi Properties saboda da particulate hardening a lokacin tsufa. Lokacin da abun ciki na jan karfe a cikin abun da ke ciki na fiye da 12% gami zama gaggautsa.

Fields na aikace-aikace

Aluminum gami su ne mafi mashahuri sayar da karfe. Haske nauyi jirgin sama sa aluminum gami karfin yin wannan zabi mai kyau ga mutane da yawa masana'antu daga jirgin sama zuwa gidan abubuwa (cell phones, belun kunne, flashlights). Aluminum gami ake amfani a Shipbuilding, mota masana'antu, yi, w / d kai a cikin nukiliya masana'antu.

Yadu da'awar gami da matsakaici da jan ciki (2014, 2024 da dai sauransu). Bayanan martaba na wadannan gami da babban lalata juriya, mai kyau Sannan ina, tabo weldability. Daga cikinsu suna sanya alhakin zane na jirgin sama, nauyi manyan motoci, soja motocin.

Kadarorin jirgin sama aluminum fili

Waldi jirgin sama gami ne da za'ayi na musamman a cikin m inert gas. Fĩfĩta gas ne helium, argon ko cakuda daga gare ta. Yana yana da mafi girma thermal watsin na helium. Wannan kayyade mafi m zazzabi hali na waldi yanayi da cewa ba ka damar zama dadi isa ya gama m-walled tsarin abubuwa. Amfani garwayayye na tsare gas kara habaka da nuna. Yiwuwar samuwar pores a Weld ne ƙwarai rage.

A amfani a cikin jirgin sama masana'antu

Aircraft aluminum gami asali halitta musamman domin gina jirgin sama. Daga cikin wadannan, da gidaje da aka yi da jirgin sama engine sassa, shasi, man tankuna, da kuma sauran fastening na'urorin. Details na jirgin sama aluminum ake amfani a cikin ciki fasinja daki.

2xxx jerin aluminum gami suna amfani da samar da sassa da fallasa su high yanayin zafi. Details ɗauka da sauƙi a ɗora Kwatancen nodes, man fetur, da kuma na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa mai tsarin da ake yi na gami 3xxx, 5xxx da 6xxx. A mafi yadu a yi amfani da jirgin sama masana'antu ya gami 7075. Daga shi da abubuwa an sanya ta yi aiki a wani babban kaya, tare da low yanayin zafi, high jure lalata. Dalili na gami shi ne aluminum, da kuma manyan alloying abubuwa magnesium, tutiya da tagulla. Daga an yi shi da ikon profiles jirgin sama Tsarin, da harsashi sassa.