Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography, kerawa

Babban mawallafin aikin marubuta shine Warren Patriotic War. Kuma jarumin jarumin Vasily Terkin, wanda ya halicce shi, ya karbi irin wannan sanannen da, wanda zai ce, ya zarce marubucin kansa. Game da rayuwar da aikin mai ban mamaki na marubucin Soviet, zamu tattauna game da wannan labarin.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography

Birthplace na mawãƙi a cikin tsohon style 8 Yuni (Yuni 21 - da sabon) a 1910 a kauyen Zagorje, wanda yake a lardin Smolensk. Mahaifinsa, Trifon Gordeevich, mawaki ne, kuma mahaifiyarsa, Maria Mitrofanovna, ta yi kama da dangin mutanen ƙasar (manoma da ke zaune a kudancin Rasha da kuma kare iyakarta).

Mahaifinsa, duk da matsayinsa na ƙwararrun masarauta, mutumin kirki ne kuma yana son karantawa. Har yanzu gidan yana da littattafai. Na san yadda zan karanta da mahaifiyar marubuta mai zuwa.

Alexander yana da ɗan'uwana Ivan, wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1914, wanda daga bisani ya zama ɗan littafin rubutu.

Yaran yara

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky na farko ya sadu da ayyukan Rundunar Rasha. Wani ɗan gajeren labari na marubucin ya nuna cewa a cikin iyalin Tvardovsky al'ada ce - a cikin yammacin yamma daya daga cikin iyaye karanta Gidan Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. A lokacin ne Tvardovsky ya sami ƙauna ga wallafe-wallafen har ma ya fara rubuta ayoyin farko, har yanzu ba a koyo yadda za a rubuta daidai ba.

Little Alexander ya yi karatu a makarantar ƙauye, kuma tun yana da shekaru goma sha huɗu ya fara aikawa da kananan bayanai ga jaridu na gida don bugawa, wasu kuma sun buga. Ba da daɗewa ba Tvardovsky ta sami nasarar aikawa da shayari. Editan jaridar jaridar Rabochy, mai kula da jarida, ya goyi bayan sahun mawallafin mawallafin, kuma a hanyoyi da yawa ya taimake shi ya shawo kan jinƙansa kuma ya fara bugawa.

Smolensk-Moscow

Bayan kammala karatun, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky (wanda labarinsa da aikinsa ke wakilta a wannan labarin) ya motsa zuwa Smolensk. A nan marubucin gaba ya so ko dai ya ci gaba da karatu, ko neman aikin, amma bai iya yin ko dai - yana bukatar akalla wasu sana'a da bai samu ba.

Tvardovsky ya rayu ne kawai, wanda ya haifar da basirar wallafe-wallafe, wanda dole ne ya buge ƙofar kofofin masu edita. Lokacin da aka buga waƙa a cikin mujallar babban birnin mujallar "Oktoba", ya tafi Moscow, amma wannan sa'a bai yi murmushi ba. A sakamakon haka, a 1930, an tilastawa Tvardovsky komawa zuwa Smolensk, inda ya ci gaba da tsawon shekaru 6 na rayuwarsa. A wannan lokaci, ya sami damar shigar da ilimin tauhidin, wanda bai gama ba, kuma ya sake koma Moscow, inda a shekarar 1936 aka shigar da ita zuwa MIFLI.

A cikin shekarun nan, Tvardovsky ya riga ya fara wallafa wallafe-wallafen, kuma a 1936 an wallafa waƙar "Country of Muravia", wanda aka keɓe don tattarawa, wanda ya ɗaukaka shi. A 1939, littafin Tvardovsky na farko ya tattara Rural Chronicle.

Shekarar soja

A 1939 an rubuta Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky a cikin Red Army. Tarihin marubuta a wannan lokacin ya canza canji - yana cikin tsakiyar aikin soja a yammacin Belarus. Tun 1941, Tvardovsky yayi aiki a jaridar Voronezh "Red Army".

Wannan lokacin yana nuna yadda aikin marubuci ke ci gaba. Bugu da ƙari, waƙar waka mai suna "Vasily Terkin", Tvardovsky ya kirkiro jerin waƙoƙi mai suna "Frontline Chronicle" kuma ya fara aiki akan waƙar waka mai suna "The House Near the Road," wanda aka kammala a 1946.

Vasily Terkin

Tarihi Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich ya haɓaka da nasarori masu yawa, amma mafi girma daga cikinsu shi ne rubutun waƙar "Vasily Terkin." An rubuta aikin ne a dukan yakin Warrior, wato, daga 1941 zuwa 1945. An buga shi a kananan sassa a cikin jaridu na soja, saboda hakan ne ya karbi halayen sojan Soviet.

Ana rarrabe aikin ɗin ta hanyar daidaitacce, mai sauƙi da sauƙi mai sauƙi, saurin bunkasa ayyuka. Kowace labari na waka ya danganta da juna ne kawai ta hanyar hoton babban halayen. Tvardovsky kansa ya ce wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa shi da mai karatu zai iya mutuwa a kowane minti daya, saboda haka kowane labarin ya kamata a gama a cikin wannan jaridar da aka fara.

Wannan labarin ya sa Twardowski ya zama mawallafi na wartime. Bugu da ƙari, aka ba da mawaki ga aikin Order of War Patriotic, 1 st da 2 digiri.

Tsarin Halitta

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky ya ci gaba da aikin wallafe-wallafen aikinsa bayan yakin. Tarihin mawallafin ya kara da rubutun sabon waka "Ga nisa - nisa," wanda aka rubuta tsakanin 1950 zuwa 1960.

Daga 1967 zuwa 1969, marubucin yana aiki a kan wani aikin tarihin mutum "A Dama na Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya". Marubucin ya nuna gaskiyar game da mutuwar Uba Tvardovsky, wanda ya zama wanda aka kama da tarawa kuma an yi masa horo. An hana wannan aikin don wallafewa ta hanyar yin nazari kuma mai karatu ya iya sanin ta ne kawai a shekarar 1987. Rubutun wannan waƙar ya ɓata tasirin Tvardovsky da hukumomin Soviet.

Tarihin Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich yana da mahimmanci a gwaje-gwajen prosaic. Dukkanin mahimmanci, haƙiƙa, an rubuta shi a cikin wani nau'i, amma an wallafa yawancin tarihin labarun. Alal misali, a 1947 ya zo "Gidajen gida da ƙasashen waje", wanda aka keɓe ga yakin duniya na biyu.

"Sabuwar Duniya"

Kada ka manta game da aikin jarida na marubuta. Shekaru da yawa, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, babban edita na jaridar Novy Mir, shine mai edita-in-jaridar jarida. Tarihin wannan lokacin yana cike da kowane irin rikice-rikicen da ake yi da gwanintar hukuma - mawallafin ya kare hakkin yin wallafe-wallafe ga wasu marubuta masu basira. Saboda himma Twardowski aka buga samfurin Solzhenitsyn Zalygin, Akhmatova Troepol'skaya, Molsaeva, Bunin et al.

A hankali wannan mujallar ta zama babbar adawa ga hukumomin Soviet. A nan an wallafa mawallafan litattafai na shekaru talatin kuma an yi ta yin magana a fili. Babban nasara ga Tvardovsky shine izinin buga labarin Solzhenitsyn.

Duk da haka, bayan cire Khrushchev ga masu gyara na "New World" ya fara yin karfi. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Tvardovsky ya tilasta a 1970 ya bar wurin mai edita.

Kwanan nan da mutuwa

Don haka tarihin ya kawo ƙarshen. Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, wanda mutuwar ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1971, ya mutu ne akan ciwon daji. A marubuci ya rasu a garin Red Pakhra, wanda aka located a cikin Moscow yankin. An binne gawar marubucin a cikin kabari na Novodevichy.

Alexander Tvardovsky ya kasance mai rai mai mahimmanci kuma ya bar wani abin tarihi agrarian. Yawancin ayyukansa sun shiga cikin tsarin makarantar kuma suna da kyau har yau.