Aluminum: da sinadaran da jiki Properties

Daya daga cikin mafi m ne karafa a kayan aiki. Daga cikin su ma suna da shugabanninsu. Alal misali, asali Properties na aluminum an san mutane da dadewa. Su ne don haka dace da amfani a gida, cewa wannan karfe ya zama Popular. Mene ne Properties na aluminum a matsayin mai sauki abu da kuma yadda zarra, mun tattauna a wannan labarin.

aluminum bude labarin

Daga a tarihi mai nisa mutumin da aka sani fili na karfe - potassium alum. Yana da aka yi amfani da matsayin da wajen iya zuwa kumbura kuma danganta da aka gyara daga cikin cakuda, ya wajaba da kuma tanning fata. Zama da tsarki alumina zama da aka sani a cikin XVIII karni, a karo na biyu da rabi. Duk da haka, wannan da aka ba samu tsarki abu.

Ya kulawa da haskaka daga ta karfe chloride farko masanin kimiyya H. Oersted. An sarrafa amalgam potassium gishiri da kuma ware daga wata cakuda da launin toka foda, wanda aka tsarki aluminum.

Sa'an nan ya bayyana cewa sinadaran Properties na aluminum aka bayyana a cikin high aiki, karfi, juriya. Saboda haka, na dogon lokaci tare da shi ba aiki.

Duk da haka, a 1854, Faransa Deville iya samun narkakkar azurfa ingots da electrolysis. Wannan hanya ita ce har yanzu dacewa da wannan rana. Musamman da taro samar da muhimmanci da kayan fara a cikin XX karni, a lokacin da matsaloli da aka warware su sami wani babban adadin ikon a wuraren aiki.

Don kwanan wata, da karfe - daya daga cikin rare da kuma amfani a yi da kuma gida masana'antu.

Janar halaye na aluminum zarra

Idan muka faye hali kashi a tambaya a kan halin da ake ciki a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin, yana yiwuwa don zaɓar mahara abubuwa.

1. Lambar siriyal - 13.
2. An located in da uku low lokaci na uku kungiyar babban subgroup.
3. Atomic taro - 26,98.
4. Yawan valence electrons - 3.
5. The sanyi na cikin matsanancin Layer aka ba ta ² 3s 3p ^1.
6. The sunan kashi - aluminum.
7. Metal Properties ne mafi pronounced.
8. Isotopes ba a cikin yanayi, akwai daya kawai irin, tare da wani taro yawan 27.
9. A sunadarai alama - AL, a cikin dabarbari karanta kamar "aluminum".
10. A hadawan abu da iskar shaka shi kadai, yana daidai da uku.

A sunadarai Properties na aluminum suna da cikakken tabbatar da ta lantarki tsarin zarra, domin ciwon manyan atomic radius da kuma kananan electron dangantaka, shi ne iya aiki a matsayin mai karfi rage wakili, kazalika da dukan na aiki karafa.

Aluminum a matsayin mai sauki abu: jiki Properties

Idan muka magana game da aluminum matsayin mai sauki al'amari, shi ne wani silvery-fari lustrous karfe. Yana oxidizes hanzari a iska da kuma rufe da wata m oxide fim. A wannan abu ya faru a lokacin da mataki na mayar da hankali acid.

A gaban irin wannan fasali da ke sa wannan karfe resistant zuwa lalata, wanda, ba shakka, sosai dace domin mutane. Saboda haka, wannan ne yadu amfani a yi shi ne aluminum. Properties na abu kuma har yanzu sha'awar da cewa wannan karfe ne sosai haske, tare da m da kuma taushi. A hade da wadannan siffofin suna samuwa ba ya nesa da kowane abu.

Akwai da dama na asali jiki Properties da suke da halayyar aluminum.

1. A babban mataki na malleability da ductility. Daga wannan karfe nuna hur, karfi da kuma bakin ciki sosai tsare, shi ne birgima cikin waya.
2. Narkewa batu - 660 ⁰ C.
3. Tafasar batu - 2450 ⁰ C.
4. Yawa - 2,7 g / cm ^3.
5. Face-tsakiya crystal raga girma, karfe.
6. Irin dangane - karfe.

Jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties na aluminum ayyana yankunan aikace-aikace da kuma amfani. Idan muka magana game da m gefe, cewa taka muhimmiyar rawa an riga an dauke da mu a kan halaye. Kamar yadda wani hur, m kuma anti-lalatattu karfe, aluminum da ake amfani a jirgin sama da kuma Shipbuilding. Saboda haka, wadannan kaddarorin suke da muhimmanci sosai ga sani.

Chemical Properties na aluminum

Daga cikin sinadaran ra'ayinsa, dauke da karfe - karfi rage wakili wanda yake iya exhibiting m sinadaran aiki, kamar yadda wani m abu. Babban abu - shi ne a cire oxide fim. A wannan yanayin, da aiki qara da cika fuska.

Chemical Properties na aluminum a matsayin mai sauki abu ne m da da ikon amsa tare da:

• acid.
• alkalis.
• halogens.
• m.

Tun da shi ba amsa tare da ruwa a karkashin talakawa yanayi. Saboda haka, daga halogen ba tare da dumama kawai reacts tare da aidin. Ga Sauran halayen da ake bukata zazzabi.

Akwai misalai dake bayyana da sinadaran Properties na aluminum. Lissafai hulda halayen:

• acid - AL + HCI = AlCL ₃ + H _2;
• alkalis - 2Al + 6H ₂ Ya + 2NaOH = Na [Al ( OH) _4] + 3 H _2;
  
• halogen - AL + Hal = ALHal _3;
• sulfur - 2AL + 3S = AL ₂ S _3.

A general, mafi muhimmanci Properties daga cikin abu - a high ikon mai da sauran abubuwa daga su mahadi.

Regenerative ikon

A rage Properties na aluminum ana iya gano wa dauki tare da sauran ƙarfe oxides. Yana saukin kawar da su daga abubuwa da kuma damar zuwa wanzu a fili gani. Ga misali: Kr ₂ Ya ₃ + AL = AL ₂ Ya ₃ + Cr.

A masana'antu akwai dukan hanya domin shiri na abubuwa dangane da wadannan halayen. An mai suna aluminothermy. Saboda haka, a cikin sinadaran masana'antu wannan kashi da ake amfani da sauran karafa.

Rarraba a cikin yanayi

Bisa ga Yaduwar sauran karfe abubuwa aluminum mukamansu farko. Ya ƙunshi 8.8% na Duniya ta ɓawon burodi. Idan muka kwatanta da nonmetals, wurinta shi ne na uku, bayan oxygen da kuma silicon.

Saboda babban reactivity ba ya faruwa a m tsari, amma kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na daban-daban mahadi. Alal misali, a jam'i da aka sani ores, ma'adanai, kankara, a cikin abin da abun da ke ciki ya hada da aluminum. Duk da haka, ya kawai samar daga haƙar, da abun ciki wanda ba ma manyan a yanayi.

Mafi na kowa abubuwa dauke da karfe a tambaya:

• feldspars.
• haƙar.
• granites.
• silica.
• aluminum silicates.
• basalts da sauransu.

A kananan adadin aluminum ne dole kunshe a cikin sel rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wasu jinsunan gansakuka da kuma teku dabba akwai iya tara wannan kashi a jikinka ga rayuwa.

liyafar

Jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties na aluminum damar da shi zuwa sama ne kawai hanya daya: ta electrolysis na wani narke na daidai oxide. Duk da haka, wannan tsari ne technologically hadaddun. Narkewa batu: AL ₂ Ya ₃ ne mafi girma daga 2000 ⁰ C. Saboda wannan, shi ne kai tsaye hõre electrolysis ba samu. Saboda haka ci gaba kamar haka.

1. Mined haƙar.
2. Tsarkake su daga impurities, ya bar kawai alumina.
3. Sa'an nan narke cryolite.
4. Oxide da aka kara a cikinta.
5. Wannan cakuda elekrolizuyut ba m aluminum da carbon dioxide.

Amfanin ƙasa: 99,7%. Duk da haka, da shirye-shiryen da yiwu ma tsabtace karfe wanda aka yi amfani for fasaha dalilai.

aikace-aikace

The inji Properties na aluminum ba haka ba ne mai kyau don amfani da shi a cikin m form. Saboda haka, dangane da wannan abu gami aka fi sau da yawa amfani. Akwai su da yawa, za a iya kira fi na asali.

1. Duralumin.
2. Aluminum da manganese.
3. Aluminum-magnesium.
4. Aluminum da tagulla.
5. Silumin.
6. Avial.

Babban bambancin - shi ne, ba shakka, a ɓangare na uku jamiái. All kafuwar ne kawai aluminum. Sauran karafa ma sa da kayan more m, lalata resistant, sa resistant da kuma tausasa a cikin aiki.

Akwai da dama manyan yankunan na aikace-aikace na aluminum a m tsari ko a cikin nau'i na ta mahadi (gami).

1. Domin yi na waya da kuma tsare amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum.
2. Production na glassware.
3. Aircraft.
4. Shipbuilding.
5. Yi da kuma gine.
6. Space masana'antu.
7. Samar da nukiliya.

Tare da baƙin ƙarfe , da aluminum gami - mafi muhimmanci karfe. Yana da wadannan biyu wakilan da na lokaci-lokaci tsarin sun samu mafi m masana'antu aikace-aikace a cikin hannun mutum.

Properties na aluminum hydroxide

Hydroxide - ya fi na kowa fili wanda Forms aluminum. Chemical kaddarorin shi ne guda a matsayin cewa na karfe kanta - shi amphoteric. Wannan yana nufin cewa shi ne iya motsa jiki a dual yanayi, to amsa tare da biyu acid da kuma alkalis.

By kanta, da aluminum hydroxide - wani farin gelatinous precipitate. Samun shi da sauki aluminum gishiri form tare da wani Alkali ko ammonium hydroxide. A dauki na hydroxide da wani acid da ake samu daidai al'ada gishiri da ruwa. Idan dauki fitowa da wani Alkali, da kafa aluminum hydroxo a wadda ta hada kai da lambar shi ne 4. Misali: Na [Al (OH) _4] - sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat.