Ammonia bayani - shiri da kuma yin amfani da

Nitrogen (nitrogen) yana da dama haɗi zuwa hydrogenous (hydrogen), na abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne nauyi ammonia. A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, an yi tattalinta ta gasa a cakuda da ammonium chloride da potassium hydroxide. Har da marigayi 19th karni, da Chilean ajiya na sodium nitrate aka dauke kawai tushen nitrogen mahadi. Godiya ga kimiyya da bincike, chemists da dama hanyoyin da yanayi nitrogen kam aka samarwa. A farko daga cikin wadannan shi ne cyanamide ammonia kira tsari. Wannan hanyar dogara ne a kan dukiyar da nitrogen guda biyu zuwa alli carbamide. A saboda wannan dalili, mai tsanani nitrogen an shige ta cikin alli carbide:

N2 + CaC2 = CaCN2 + C

A haka ta samu CaCN2 (alli cyanide) nitrate da ake amfani da taki a fannin aikin gona. Ya kamata a bayyana cewa, maganin wannan fili da tururi samar da ammonia:

CaCN2 + ZN20 = 2NH3 + CaC03

Ammonia sarrafa su acid da kuma wani nitrate nitrogen taki. A zamani sunadarai ne tartsatsi sauran Hanyar samun NH3 - ya kira nitrogen da hydrogen:

1/2 N +3/2 H2 = NH3

ammonia haka samu aka kira roba. Industrial ammonia kira ne da za'ayi a gaban mai kara kuzari da kuma a zazzabi na 500 digiri.

Ammonia - a gas wanda yana da pungent halayyar wari, shi ne m fiye da iska. NH3 kamata ba za a inhaled na dogon lokaci, domin shi ne mai guba. A gas ne in mun gwada sauƙi narkewa a H2O. Dabzar mai ruwa-ruwa ammonia dauke da 25% NH3.

Lokacin da sanyaya (zuwa -79 ° C) bayani daga ruwa-ruwa ammonia zama crystalline. Kimiyya karatu sun nuna cewa, babban taro na NH3 a cikin ruwa-ruwa bayani ne a cikin nau'i na hydrated kwayoyin (NH3 · nH2O) da kuma kawai karamin sashi na narkar da ammonia (game da 0.5%) ya mayar da martani da ruwa:

NH3 + H2O = NH4 + + OH -

Alkaline dauki na ammonia mafita saboda gaban hydroxide ions. A bisa ga al'ada ammonia bayani ne kaddamarda kamar yadda NH4OH. A alkalinity na bayani lalacewa ta hanyar da kasancewar wani hydroxyl kungiyar, wanda aka kafa a sakamakon dissociation na ammonium hydroxide.

Ammonia bayani ne raunana tushe. A cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje wani lokacin ammonia da aka shirya ta gasa ammonium chloride. Ammonia ne quite aiki sinadaran fili cewa reacts da yawa abubuwa, yayin da nuna kawai rage Properties.

Ammonia konewa tare da oxygen a gaban wani greenish-yellow harshen wuta, yayin da ake oxidized zuwa free nitrogen. Lokacin da gaban da mai kara kuzari (platinum) · ammonia hadawan abu da iskar shaka da ke a har da wani nitrogen oxide. Wannan dauki an yi amfani da tsari na samar da nitric acid. Ba dole ne a ce cewa, mafi yawan haka samu ammonia da aka kashe a kan samar da nitrate takin zamani da nitric acid.

A lokacin danshin a -33,4 ° C ruwa NH3 daga yanayi garwaya da yawa zafi, shi sa sanyaya. Wannan dukiya ne da amfani a refrigeration tsarin wucin gadi kankara ajiya na lalacewa kayayyakin abinci. Sau da yawa ruwa ammonia da ake amfani a yi na karkashin kasa da Tsarin. A ammonia bayani ne a yi amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje yi, da sinadaran masana'antu, kayan gida, da kuma a cikin magani.

ammonia bayani aikace-aikace. Amfani da nufin for zumudi da kuma kau da numfasawa na haƙuri daga rufe da mãgãgi. Manyan yawa na NH3 zai iya sa numfashi kama. Wani lokaci ammonia bayani da ake amfani da matsayin emetics (10 saukad da 100 ml ruwa). Ka lura da cewa wannan Pharmaceutical shiri ba za a iya amfani da topically a gaban fata cututtuka (eczema, dermatitis). Idan guba ammonia vapors likitoci rubũta acetate, citrate, tartrate (tartaric acid) a 1% taro. A m yi amfani da ammonia bayani (25 ml / 5 lita na Boiled, ruwan zafi).