Anapaest, dactyl, amphibrach - yana da ... Bari mu magana game da poetic girma

Kafin ta kwatanta takamaiman ma'anar (zato amphibrach - .. Wannan ... da sauransu), ya kamata ka gane abin da yake cikin ayar. Yawanci, a karkashin shi fahimtar ka'idojin poetic magana a daya rhythmic naúrar. Literary rabo awo da lafazi tsarin, na farko ya bayar da zamanin d ayyukansu, Rasha jama'a waqe, shi ne mafi tsoho. Santa Fe ayar da aka raba, bi da bi, da tonic, syllabic da syllabic-tonic tsarin.

Mu'amala da mawãƙi wa daya daga cikinsu shibtarsu da peculiarities na da harshen. Domin syllabic versification muhimmanci shi ne yawan syllables, domin tonic - wasulla. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa syllabic versification kowa a kasa literatures cewa amfani da harshe tare da ajali lafazi. Wadannan sun hada da Yaren mutanen Poland, Faransa. Rasha da kuma Ukrainian adabi suna kuma aka sani misalai na syllabic versification, amma shi ne, anta wa sanannun dalilai, shi ba makale. Domin accentual-syllabic aya (wato, shi ne mafi halayyar Rasha shayari) ne wani muhimmin yawan jaddada da kuma unstressed syllables. su canzawar makirci ne ake kira poetic girma. Shi ne biyu-syllable da uku-syllable. Na farko da kungiyar hada pentameter da ferrets, na biyu - dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest.

iambus

Kamar yadda ya shaida Gasparov, a wata sulusi da murabba'i na girman da poetic asusun for game da rabin dukan poetic ayoyin biyu da rabi na XIX karni. A tasha iambics (hade da jaddada da kuma unstressed aka gyara) kunshi biyu syllables. Da farko unstressed, na biyu shi ne a cikin lafazi (misali: "Sa'an nan, na tsaya a kan Neva ..."). A Rasha classicism musamman na kowa ya 6-tasha pentameter. Yana da aka yi amfani da yafi a cikin abin da ake kira high nau'o'i - odes da wasiku. Daga bisani, 6-tasha, kazalika da free iambic amphibrach da sauran ternary mita gaba daya maye gurbin.

trochee

A wannan yanayin, ya jaddada syllable ne na farko biyu-syllable kafar (misali - da saba Lines na yara shayari "My gaisuwa ringing ball"). Sau da yawa sosai a cikin shayari na baya da kuma na karshe karni samu 5 jog ferrets.

dactyl

Mu juya ga ternary mita. Wadannan sun hada da, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, dactyl, amphibrach, anapaest. Farko da girman wannan jerin farawa jaddada syllables, da kuma sauran biyu kasance unselected. Misali dactyl - wani line daga shayari na Lermontov: "Tuchkov samaniya, har abada bidar ..."

Amphibrach - shi ...

Jaddada syllable ba zai iya zama a farkon kuma a tsakiyar kafar trisyllabic. Irin wannan rhythmic kungiyar line sa ya bayyana a fili cewa muna fuskantar amphibrach. Wannan ya rubuta shahararren "dakatar da wani galloping doki ...", wanda shi ne kusan hukuma take dukkan Rasha mata.

anapaest

A karshe, danniya iya fada a kan na karshe syllable na uku, sa'an nan muna anfani da anapaest. Ya fili bayyana, misali, a cikin Lines: "Akwai wani kogi na sarari ..." anapaest, amphibrach dactyl kuma samu musamman rarraba a cikin poetic matani na karshe karni. Kamar yadda aka nuna Gasparov, sun kasance mai ban mamaki 4-tasha, amma sai aka maye gurbinsu da wani bambance-bambancen da uku Tashoshi.

Idan kana bukatar bisa ga aiki to saka da size of poetic, kada ku riƙe suyi ƙayyade amphibrach shi ko watakila ferrets. Ko ko da Rasha jama'a ayar. Don fara, mun bayar da shawarar a karanta ma, ba da gaske biya da hankali ga ma'anar da aka rubuta, amma kawai enunciating kowane magana. Kamar yadda idan chattering. Bayan nan, write jere lakabin drum rabo zana prosody kewaye tsarin - da kuma aiki ne duka.

Duk da haka, ba duk don haka sauki. A kafar iya zama ba waka kunshi 'Drum (spondee) ko unstressed (pyrrhic) syllables. Asalinsu kira da kalmar ne amfani da tsoho shayari. A dangane da wannan syllabic-tonic tsarin, su kawai wakiltar wani izinin (ko gaban) na danniya inda shi kada ta kasance. Bugu da kari, cikin rubutu za a iya rubuta dol'nik. Wannan yana nufin cewa shi yana da rhythmic kungiyar, amma jinkiri tsakanin daban-daban syllables ne impermanent. A daukan hankali misali - da kungiyar Lines: "Ta rera wannan waka a cikin coci mawaka ..."

The shayari karni na ashirin da aka kuma yi amfani da wani nau'i na aya lafazi (ambata Blok, Mayakovsky). An halin da wani daidai adadin jaddada syllables, kuma yana da wata lambar daban na gyara unstressed. Wannan shi ne, a gaskiya accentual ayar embodies da tonic tsarin na versification a zamani wallafe-wallafe. Akwai kuma mafi m lokuta - mai hade da tasiri da kuma uku unstressed syllables (haka clicker peony). Ya rubuta sanannen line: "Kada ku yi zaton na seconds saukar ..." Haka ma, dole mu tuna da poetic gwaje-gwajen da na Futurists, da suke a rikicin da wani msar tambayar Concepts.

A karshe, cikin waka na iya zama duka fari. Wannan yana nufin cewa shi ba ya rhyme, amma rhythmic kungiyar ne har yanzu ba. Saboda haka farin ko fari anapaest pentameter wanzu a yanayi.