Ayyuka na jihar, ra'ayinsu da ƙayyadewa. Ayyuka na jihar a Rasha

Ƙasar zamani ba ta da tabbas ba tare da wata kasa da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwarsa ba. Tare da al'umma, dukkanin cibiyoyi suna bunkasa, ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne jihar. Wannan ci gaba shine tsarin tarihin halitta, yana faruwa ne bisa ga ka'idoji masu mahimmanci. Daga cikin waɗannan dokokin, ko kuma mafi daidai, bayyanar da ayyukan su, akwai kuma ayyukan jihar. Halin, halayen, rarraba waɗannan halaye na kowane jiha an bayyana a cikin wannan labarin.

Fassarar ayyukan

A yau a cikin mujallu na shari'a na yau da kullum wanda zai iya ganin abubuwa da yawa da dama na ayyukan gwamnati. Yawancin malamai sunyi la'akari da wannan ra'ayi kamar yadda ma'anar aikin gwamnati ke bayarwa, wanda ya bayyana ainihin manufar zamantakewar al'umma da ainihinsa. A cikin fassara kalmar "ayyuka", malamai suna amfani da kalmomi kamar gudanarwa, burin, tasiri, ayyuka, don haka ya nuna su da ayyukan jihar.

Wasu marubuta doka takardunku da'awar cewa ayyuka na jihar sanin abin da ya kamata a tsunduma a domin cimma burorin da kuma manufofin da suke da a gaban shi. A daidai wannan lokacin, ayyukan jihar ne kawai jagorancin ayyukansa, saboda haka, ba za a dauka cewa suna nufin dukkan ayyukan wannan ma'aikata na al'umma ba. Har ila yau, kada ku dame su da ayyuka da burinku. Ayyukan jihar shine jagoran da aka tsara don dacewa da aiki na kayan aiki na gida.

Bayan karatun wasu wallafe-wallafen wanda zai iya fahimtar cewa ayyukan jihar baya fadawa kawai ga ayyukan waje da na cikin gida, amma har da wasu sassa daban-daban waɗanda ke shafar yanayi da kuma hanyoyin da ke haifar da shi. Saboda haka, jihohi, wanda ke gudanar da ayyukansa a wasu bangarori na al'umma, yana samar da kowane irin gyare-gyare, canji, aiwatar da tsarin doka, wato, shi yana shafar tsarin tafiyar da zamantakewa.

Cutar cututtuka

Kamar yadda ake yiwuwa a lura, ayyukan lauyoyi a cikin al'umma suna fassara su da bambanci ta hanyar lauyoyi a hanyoyi da dama. Haka kuma akwai bambancin alamu na ayyukan jihar. Idan kun haɗu da dukan fassarorin halaye kuma kuyi tunani a cikin su duk yanayin, to, zaku zo ga gaba.

1. A cikin ayyukan ƙasashe daban-daban na jinsin tarihin, abubuwan da suka shafi al'amuran zamantakewar al'umma, zamantakewar zamantakewa da siyasa da kuma ruhaniya a cikin rayuwar al'umma an bayyana su kuma an yi musu izini.
2. A cikin ayyuka, aikin hidima mai aiki yana karawa kuma an buɗe shi a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na girman jiki dangane da kansa, kuma akwai aiki mai yawa a cikin jihar da kuma fagen duniya.
3. Ayyukan rukunin ƙasar Rasha suna nunawa da gaske kuma suna ƙaddamar da kwarewarsa da kuma ainihin mutum. Ma'anar su tana ba da kundin, taro, na ƙasa da na sirri na mambobi na al'umma.
4. Ayyuka na jihar, ra'ayi, abun ciki, rarrabuwa wanda ya bambanta dangane da mataki na ci gaba na ƙasar, ya bayyana kuma an kafa su bisa ga ayyukan tarihi da manufofinsa. Tarayya ta cika aikin zamantakewar al'umma ta hanyar aiwatar da ayyukan da ya dace da shi, wakiltar bargaren ƙaddamar da ɗakunan kullun aikinsa.

Ƙayyadewa

Don tsara tsarin da yawa da kuma ayyuka daban-daban da aka sanya wa jihar, an rarraba fasalin su zuwa jinsuna. Ma'anar da kwarewa na ayyuka na gari ya taimaka wajen raba aikin da aka tsara don cimma nasarar aikin, daga wani, wanda wannan burin ya bambanta. A tsarin tsarin gwamnati da doka dole ne a rarrabe su a cikin wadannan nau'ikan.

1. Matsayi na jama'a. Ayyuka na jihar a cikin wannan yanayin sun kasu kashi na asali da ƙyama. Na farko a wannan yanayin yana da fifiko a aiwatar da su. Wadannan sun hada da aikin zamantakewa, muhalli da tattalin arziki. Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade su ne ayyukan da suka dace da manyan. Alal misali, ci gaba da aikin kimiyya aiki ne mai ban sha'awa na zamantakewa.
2. A cikin aikin aiki, za a iya raba su cikin ayyuka biyu - na ciki da waje. Daga sunayen wadannan jinsunan ana iya fahimtar cewa ayyukan gida suna nufin su warware wasu manufofi da ayyuka a cikin ƙasa, suna da tasiri a kan al'umma a cikin jihar. Wadannan sun hada da zamantakewa, ayyukan tattalin arziki, kare dokar da tsari, ci gaba da kiwon lafiya, da sauransu. Ayyuka na waje sun hada da dukkan ayyukan aiki tare da wasu jihohi. Daga cikin ayyuka na waje yana yiwuwa a lura da tsaro na jihar, ayyukan da ake nufi don kiyaye zaman lafiya da sauransu.
3. Sashe na uku na ayyuka yana faruwa ne ta tsawon lokacin aikin su. Suna iya zama ko dai na wucin gadi ko na dindindin. Ayyukan lokaci, ba kamar ka'idoji ba, ana gudanar da su na tsawon lokaci. Da ƙarshen wannan lokaci, buƙatar su ya ɓace. A matsayinka na doka, ana aiwatar da ayyuka na wucin gadi a wasu matakan matsakaici. A akasin wannan, maƙasudin sun kasance na tsawon lokaci. Idan ba a aiwatar da su ba, za a iya keta doka ta doka. Manufar da kuma rarraba aikin aikin jihar, misalai na jagorancin ayyukansa sun bambanta. Saboda haka, ayyuka na tattalin arziki, tilasta bin doka, haraji da wasu ayyuka sun kasance na har abada.

Kuma, kodayake rabuwa na ayyukan gwamnati ya bambanta, aikace-aikacen mafi girma a cikin shari'a da kuma wasu wurare an ba da aikin da aka rarraba bisa ga ka'idar yanayin aiki.

Yanayin tattalin arziki

Tun da rabin rabin karni na karshe, aikin tattalin arziki ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan. Manufar da kuma rarraba ayyukan jihar da doka a yanayin tattalin arziki, muhimmancinsa a yau yana da girma. Yin tafiyar da wannan aikin, gwamnati ta tsara tsarin tafiyar da tattalin arziki, ta inganta yanayin bunkasar tattalin arziki. Wannan bidi'a shine yanki na tattalin arziki, wanda jihar ta bayyana a matsayin dan kasuwa. Har zuwa yau, akwai ƙungiyoyi masu yawa na kasuwanci wanda jihar ta kasance ko kuma wanda ya kafa (mai riƙe da hannun jari), ko kuma yana da babban rabuwa. Bugu da ƙari, ya kuma bayyana a matsayin babban banki, tun da yake yana riƙe da babban ɓangare na babban kuɗin bashinsa. Gaba ɗaya, yanzu jihar tana iya tsara tsarin tafiyar da tattalin arziki, yana faruwa a sikelin dukan ƙasar.

Idan kun yi amfani da wannan aikin zuwa misalin Rasha, za ku iya ganin cewa, a cikin shekarun da suka wuce, yawancin abubuwan da suka shafi muhimmancin kasuwancin sun bayyana a kasar. Wannan ya haɗa da haƙƙin mallaka, 'yanci na tattalin arziki, da kasuwanni masu aiki don kaya da ayyuka. Bugu da kari, akwai buƙatar samun hanyoyin mafi kyau duka na shiga cikin waɗannan matakan tattalin arziki, da bukatar yin dokoki mai mahimmanci ta jihar, wanda zai dace da tsarin kasuwancin.

Ayyuka na aikin tattalin arziki

Babban ayyuka da ke fuskantar ƙasa a cikin tattalin arziki shine kulawa da biyan ka'idodin da ake bukata; Kariya ga bukatun 'yan wasan kuɗi na kudade; Ma'anar manyan dokoki a cikin tattalin arziki; Sanin aikin tattalin arziki; Tattaunawar dangantaka tsakanin mahalarta; Taimakawa ga kamfanoni marasa zaman kansu, wanda aka bayyana a cikin goyan baya.

Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen shari'a da suka dace da wannan aikin tattalin arziki na jihar, manufar, abun ciki, ƙaddarartaccen mahimmanci, sun ƙunshi mahimman bayani don magance ayyukan da ke sama. Waɗannan su ne:

• Gina bukatun kamfanonin Rasha a cikin kasuwanni da kasuwanni na duniya, samar da yanayi don zuba jarurrukan kasashen waje;
• Shirye-shiryen zuba jari;
• Taimaka wa masana'antu da manyan masana'antu;
• Karyatawa, zancen aljanna da jagoranci na jihar;
• Tsarin sake gina tsarin tattalin arzikin Rasha;
• Samar da ka'idodin ka'idojin gudanarwa na tattalin arziki da sauransu.

Wannan aikin yana nufin tallafawa matakan rikici, babban manufarsa ita ce gano tattalin arzikin kasuwa wanda ke da alaka da zamantakewa. A lokaci guda, irin wannan tattalin arziki ya kamata la'akari da bukatun dukan masu amfani da masu samar da kayayyaki. A saboda wannan dalili, jihar ta shafi al'amuran ƙira a kan kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa, a kan kamfanoni, wasu kungiyoyi. A jihar ana amfani antitrust doka, gabatar da ma'aikata na lasisi, kula da shigo da kuma fitar da kayayyakin, a lokaci guda kara kuzari da ci gaban da mafi m a wani matsayi masana'antu.

Ayyukan zamantakewa

Ayyuka da wani zamani jihar, wani ra'ayi rarrabuwa ne ba a cikin wannan labarin hada da zamantakewa aiki. A tattalin arziki aiki ne a hankali nasaba da zaman jama'a. Kamar dai na farko, yana da bambanci, amma idan muka ci gaba da ayyukan da gwamnati ta yi, to, yana da cikakkun sikelin. Babban burin wannan aiki shine kawar da tashin hankali na zamantakewa, daidaitawar zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma. Har ila yau, yana bin wasu manufofi, ciki har da ci gaban kiwon lafiya, al'adu, ilimi da dai sauransu.

Matakan da aka tsara don aiwatar da wannan aikin, kuma, bisa ga yadda ya kamata, don cimma burin da aka tsara, an aiwatar da shi a matsayin hanyar samar da kudade na musamman, wanda aka ba da kuɗin kuɗin ci gaban masana'antu. Jihar na tasowa kowane nau'i na shirye-shiryen da ake nufi don tabbatar da aikin yi na 'yan ƙasa, don rage rashin aikin yi. A wasu lokuta, jihar yana aiki a matsayin mai sarrafawa, yana saita ƙimar mafi girma ga 'yan ƙasa. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka tsara don samar da ayyuka da ayyuka na jihar a cikin zamantakewar zamantakewa, dole ne a lura da dokoki akan iyali, kan kariya, kiwon lafiya da kuma asibiti, da sauransu.

Al'adu, kimiyya, ilimi

Definition da rarrabuwa na jihar ayyuka sun hada da aiwatar da ayyuka, ba kawai a cikin tattalin arziki da kuma zamantakewa Sphere. Ana kiran jihar don tallafawa ba kawai waɗannan yankunan ba, amma kuma yayi kokarin da ya dace wajen bunkasa al'ada. Daga cikin wa] annan yankunan ya taimaka wa ci gaba da talabijin, wallafe-wallafe, wasan kwaikwayo, gine-gine, kiɗa, adana wuraren tsabta, wuraren ajiya, gidajen tarihi, da dai sauransu.

Bugu da ƙari, al'adun gargajiya, dole ne jihar ta aiwatar da matakai don cigaban kimiyya da fasaha, wanda aka nuna a cikin tallafi na karatu da dama. Dangane da ilimin ilimi, gwamnati ta kafa dangantakar ta hanyar dokoki game da ilimi, al'ada, da dai sauransu.

Ilimin halitta

Mahimmanci da rarraba ayyukan da jihar ke ciki sun kara da wani muhimmin yankin. Tun da kwanan nan, aikin muhalli na kasar ya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka dace a ayyukansa. Ya ƙunshi yarda da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don kare yanayin a cikin ci gaba irin wannan shirye-shiryen, duka a fannin tarayya da kuma matakin batutuwa na tarayya, a daidaita tsarin amfani da albarkatu na halitta, kafa ka'idojin muhalli, kula da kiyayewa da 'yan ƙasa da kungiyoyi na dokokin kare yanayin. Akwai majalisa da dama da ke tsara ayyukan da ake yi a yanayin kare kariya, amma manyan sune Tsarin Mulki da dokoki a kan tallafi, kare muhalli, tsaro da sauransu.

Kariya na doka da kuma umarni

Wannan aikin yana da mahimmanci a kowace doka mai-mulki. Yana hada da kariya na 'yan kasa da kuma kungiyoyin da ba bisa doka ba encroachments, kare' yancinsu da kuma bukatun, da yaki da aikata laifuka, kariya daga dukiya, rigakafin laifukan da laifuffuka. Idan jihar na da mulkin demokra] iyya, to, aiki na tilasta bin doka zai zama fifiko na farko. A irin wannan ƙasa, girmamawa da hakkoki na 'yan ƙasa shine muhimmiyar. A Rasha, Tsarin Tsarin Mulki ya san wadannan hakkoki da 'yanci, an bayyana su a matsayin babban darajar jihar, kuma ana kiyaye kariya ga aikin gwamnati.

Ayyuka na waje

Ayyukan don magance wani waje manufofin - ne da waje ayyuka na jihar. Ma'anar, halayen, rarrabuwa na waɗannan ayyuka suna dauke da su da yawa. Abin lura ne cewa suna canza tare da canje-canjen da ke faruwa a duniya. Don haka, a zahiri a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka wuce, wasu daga cikin ayyukan waje sun ɓace, wasu, a akasin wannan, sun ƙaru. Daga cikin waɗanda suka ɓace, akwai alal misali, ayyuka na haɗin kai tare da ƙasashen da zamantakewar al'umma ke bunkasa, matakan da zasu taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa. Bugu da} ari, irin wa] annan ayyuka na kare lafiyar} asashen, ha] in kai don kafa da kuma yin zaman lafiya, sun sami fifiko mafi girma.

Tsaron kasar Rasha a halin yanzu yana da matsayi mafi muhimmanci a duk manufofin kasashen waje. Ba wai kawai canje-canje a cikin abun ciki ba, amma kuma ya karbi sabon majalisa. Saboda haka, jihar ta keta dokokin kan kare, kan matsayin ma'aikata da sauransu. Tare da manufar ganin aikin da aka yi la'akari da shi, jihar na inganta rundunonin sojoji, hankali da kuma bayanan sirri, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu ƙasashe a yankin soja da sauran abubuwan da suka faru.

Don tallafawa zaman lafiya a dukan duniya, Rasha ta samar da kyakkyawar dangantaka tare da jihohi da dama, ta halarci majalisai, tarurruka, kungiyoyin, da sauran al'amuran da suka shafi ba da yaduwar makaman nukiliya, rage yawan makaman nukiliya, da kuma magance ta'addanci.

Bugu da ƙari, na sama, ayyuka na waje na Rasha sun haɗa da ayyukan da za su shiga shiga tattalin arzikin duniya, magance matsalolin al'amura na duniya tare da wasu jihohi. Wakilan kasar suna mambobi ne na kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke magance matsalolin tattalin arziki, cinikayya, aiki, fasaha, an sanya su aiki don hanawa da kawar da sakamakon manyan masifu da suka faru a cikin yanayi, da dai sauransu.

Kammalawa

Ta haka ne, za a iya ƙaddara ra'ayi da rarrabuwa na ayyukan jihar a cikin hanyar karɓar duk wani aiki mai muhimmanci. Hakanan, wadannan manufofi da manufofi na iya zama daban-daban kuma suna dogara ne akan mataki na ci gaban jihar kanta. A lokaci guda, manufa mafi muhimmanci da manufar kowace ƙasa, ciki har da Rasha, ya kamata a tabbatar da zaman lafiyar mutanen da ke zaune a yankin. Ci gaba da ayyuka na jihar a wannan hanya shine aikin fifiko.