Battle of Tsushima 1905. Sojan Ruwa Battle a Tekun Japan. Tsushima mashigar

Battle of Tsushima a 1905 na Rasha Pacific jiragen ruwa daga Japan na mallaka Navy sha kaye. A sakamakon haka, da teku yaƙi Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki da aka ci kuma hallaka. Babban ɓangare na Rasha warships aka torpedoed ta Japan matuƙan da kuma malale, lokacin da ma'aikatan jirgin. Wasu jiragen ruwa sun sanar da mika wuya, kawai hudu jiragen ruwa koma zuwa gaba daga ƙasarsa ta harbor. Rasha-Japanese yaki (1904-1905) ya kammala tare da wata babbar soja shan kashi na Rasha jiragen ruwa kashe bakin tekun na Tsushima tsibirin (Japan). Mene ne dalilan da shan kashi, kuma akwai wani yiwu sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru?

A soja da siyasa da halin da ake ciki a Far East

Rasha-Japanese yaki na 1904-1905 ya fara da mamaki harin da Japan sojojin ruwa hallaka fada a kan Rasha jiragen ruwa dake da sansani a cikin hanyoyi na Port Arthur. biyu nauyi manyan bindigogi abin hawa da kuma wanda surface jirgin ruwa da aka lalace ta hanyar wani torpedo hari. History of Far East yana da yawa na soja mataki. Dukkan su sun tsara don kama da sake rabo daga duniyoyin da tasiri a cikin wannan ɓangare na Rasha ƙasar.

Japan ta sha'awar yin mulki a arewa maso gabashin kasar Sin da kuma Koriya vigorously goyan bayan kasar Birtaniya da United States of America. A 'yan Rasha masõya, kamar Faransa, Jamus da kuma wasu, a kan batun na adana Rasha yankuna karfi da goyon Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. Duk da haka, a cikin hukunci lokacin da dabarun kokarin tukuna zama tsaka tsaki. Inganta masõya bayyana ne kawai a lokacin da ya yi daidai da su kasuwanci bukatun.

Dabarun yanke shawara

Ci gaba intensifying da Japan hari Port Arthur, babban tushe na Rasha Pacific rundunar motoci, tilasta Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II dauki hukunci matakan. An yi shawarar a watan Yuli 1904. A weakening na Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki kayar da kuma halakar da Japan jiragen ruwa da aka aiko daga Kronstadt rundujar soja masu dawaki karkashin jagorancin mataimakin Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

Shi ne a kan hanyar da jiragen ruwa Baltic gano cewa Port Arthur aka dauka, da kuma duk jirãge mãsu gudãna a cikin hanyoyi flooded. A Pacific jiragen ruwa da aka hallaka. Wannan shi ne Maritime tarihi na Rasha Far East. Duk da haka, Nicholas II yanke shawarar da ya ci gaba da tafarkin da na sarki jiragen ruwa zuwa gaba na Japan. Domin a karfafa kai hare hare rundujar soja masu dawaki daga cikin Baltic Sea da aka aiko wani detachment na fama jiragen ruwa na Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

Unequal ikon abokan adawar

Ci gaba a yakin Tsushima za a iya foreseen da yawan raka'a da sabani cikin bangarorin. A Pacific jiragen ruwa Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky hada da:

• 8 rundujar soja masu dawaki da nauyi manyan bindigogi jiragen ruwa (battleships) da 4 Japan.
• 3 Coast Guard jirgin ruwa na soja da jiragen ruwa 6 na maƙiyi.
• 1 zuwa 8, kreyserny armadillo raka'a mallaka Japan jiragen ruwa.
• 8 zuwa 16, Cruisers Japan Cruisers.
• 5 zuwa 24 na biyu kasar Japan ta soja kotuna.
• 9 Rasha da 63 Japanese hallaka.

A fili amfani na fada da Japan Admiral Togo Heyhatiro yayi magana don kansa. Da gwaninta na Japan rundunar yaqi zarce Rasha a duk fannoni, duk da cewa da tarihi na sojan ruwa fadace-fadace a Rasha da yawa aukaka. Japan Martial kibiyoyi da basira ƙware ma'adanin na fatattakar abokan gaba a dogon zangon, tare da daya manufa da dama jiragen ruwa. Wannan kwarewa ba a Rasha jiragen ruwa. Babban zama na zamani sun fadar farati (farati), marine kayan aiki, wanda aka gudanar a shekara a kan umarni na Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II.

Kuskure da kuma auna daidai Rasha admiral

A dabarun haƙiƙa na tafiya na Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo ya kama daga Tekun Japan. Irin wannan yanayin da aka tsĩrar da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. Duk da haka, ZP Rozhdestvensky ya gani ta sarrafawa manufar wadannan: wani dakarun, ko da kuwa da m asarar da rundunar motoci, to karya, ta hanyar zuwa Vladivostok. Yana yiwuwa su domin kubuta da Japan tsibirin zuwa gabas, shi zai zama yana kokarin daidai yanke shawara, da kuma Tsushima sojan ruwa yaki Shi ba zai dauki wuri.

Amma da admiral ya zaɓi wani daban-daban, gajeriyar hanya. Aka yanke shawarar in je ta wurin straits. Korea mashigar haɗa da Gabas Sin da tekun Japan, da ke kusa da tsibirin Tsushima, wanda, bi da bi, yana da hanyoyi biyu: yammacin da kuma gabashin nassi (Tsushima mashigar). A wannan wuri ne da Rasha matuƙan da kuma jira Heytatiro Japan Admiral Togo.

All wurare ana katange

Kwamandan na Japan jiragen ruwa ya zaba dama dabarun shirya domin yiwu tashin. Sintiri jiragen ruwa sarkar da aka shirya tsakanin tsibiran, wanda zai iya sanar da kwamandan game da yiwu horar da m na Rasha jiragen ruwa. A kan karkata Vladivostok Japan prudently sa minefields. Duk abin da yake shirye domin yaki. Japan jiragen yakin Tsushima sa ran m na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Pacific rundunar kwamandan ki Maritime lura, da tsoron samu daga rundujar soja masu dawaki m Cruisers maƙiyi.

Tun da sassafe yakin Tsushima, ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1905, ya fara.

A bayyane sakamakon babban yaƙi na Rasha-Japanese War

Aika da irin wannan motley armada na uku teku yawa da jũna hauka. A wannan wanzuwa yaƙi aika Tsohon soji da sawa sunadaran, clocked up dubban daruruwan mil, kuma latest, da kammala gaggawa, bai wuce da gwajin tasoshin. Matuƙan ko da yaushe koma zuwa jiragensu kamar yadda matattun talikai. Armadillos da sunayen shahararrun generals kamar musamman ba ya so ya tafi zuwa ga wata mutuwa.

Suna makale a kan hanya saukar a zamewa, nitsewa daga factory ganuwar a gyara, ya zauna a kan wani banki, ya yi aiki a matsayin fili alamun kashedi na crews.

Yana da bai yi imani a cikin bata bayan shiriya?

A farkon shekarar 1900 a cikin studio ƙone taro model na jirgin ruwa na soja "Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III». Kaddamar da wannan jirgin da aka alama ta fall na flagpole da na sarki misali da tare da mutum ya shafa.

Jirgin ruwa na soja "Eagle" nutse a cikin yakin harbor, kuma daga baya sau da dama zauna stranded, kamawa up tare da rundujar soja masu dawaki a cikin Gulf. Jirgin ruwa na soja "Tsarki ya tabbata" a general sun ba su iya je yawo.

Duk da haka, da m umurnin wani misgivings sun ba a sani ba. Satumba 26, 1904 a Revel (da Tallinn) da aka gudanar da mafi fadar farati. Nicholas II ya tafi kusa da dukkan jiragen ruwa da kuma matuƙan so isa Port Arthur kuma ka haɗa da na farko rundujar soja masu dawaki na Pacific jiragen ruwa a hade Master Tekun Japan. Mako guda baya, bakwai battleships, jirgin ruwa na soja, su hallaka taba bar su 'yan qasar gaba. 220-rana gangamin Japan gaba tsawon na 18 dubu mil ya fara.

contingencies

Babban matsalar da fuskantar da rundujar soja masu dawaki umurninSa, - shi ne mai matsala da man fetur. Karkashin kasa da kasa Maritime dokar a lokacin da warships na wani m iya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na da wani tsaka tsaki ƙungiyarsa kawai ga rana. Ingila, wanda sarrafawa mafi yawan loading tashoshin a kan hanya na rundujar soja masu dawaki, rufe ta tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Rasha warships.

Supply rundujar soja masu dawaki ci, abinci da kuma sabo ne ruwa, ya shirya kai tsaye a cikin teku. Don gyara shi aka sanye take da wani musamman bitar "Kamchatka", cikakken tare da sana'a masu sa kai. Ba zato ba tsammani, suka kuma raba al'adar matuƙan. A general, da ake aiwatar da dabarun aiki na da irin wannan sikelin isa yabo mafi girma ci.

A mafi wuya kwal loading a matsafai na kan tekuna, da numfashi ba na wurare masu zafi zafi, a lokacin da zafin jiki a cikin tukunyar jirgi da dakuna kai 70º Celsius, mai tsanani hadari kashe da Cape of Good Hope - duk wannan bai dakatar da motsi na da rundujar soja masu dawaki. Babu wani daga cikin jirãge, bai kõma.

Circumnavigation Ziyarar ta uku tekuna

Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki, kamar fatalwa a kan sararin sama, da wuya gabatowa da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma harbors. A dukan duniya duba shi motsi. International gidan waya da kuma tarho Lines aka dora. Masu aiko da rahotanni da labarai suna tsaron rundujar soja masu dawaki tare da dukan hanya:

• Port Said (Misira).
• Djibouti (Gabashin Afrika).
• Aden (Yemen).
• Dakar (Senegal).
• Conakry (Guinea).
• Cape Town (Afirka ta Kudu).

Amma duk yunkurin kasance m. A farko-dogon lokaci parking ya a Bay Masiba (Madagascar). Akwai ma shiga cruising tawagar Rear Admiral DG Felkerzama bango, na karshe short yanke ta cikin Suez Canal. A lokacin da darussan a Madagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky ya hakikance na rashin iyawa na qarqashinsu harba daidai da kuma noqewa daidai.

Duk da haka, wannan ba abin mamaki. Crews aka kafa mafi yawa daga recruits da azãba akwatin. Bayan watanni biyu - tsalle a fadin yankin tekun Indiya. Rashin iyaka gaji rundujar soja masu dawaki gana da Sin masunta a Straits a Singapore, da {asar Vietnam, a Cam Ranh. Bugawa halichondriidae iya ganin tsibirin Jeju Korean lu'u-lu'u iri iri. Jimawa za a fara yakin Tsushima, ranar mutuwa da rundujar soja masu dawaki kusata.

A farko Salvo a maƙiyi

A 13 hours 40 minutes flagship jirgin ruwa na soja "Prince Suvorov" jagorancin Kyaftin 1st daraja V. V. Ignatsiusa sa a kan wani shakka arewa-maso-gabas 23. Nine minti daga baya, ya bindigogi bude wuta a kan Japan jiragen ruwa, da kuma ko da ya haskaka fashewa martani a minti biyu volleys. Tsushima sojan ruwa, suka kama yaƙi. Mafi yawa daga cikin ma'aikatan jirgin sakamako a bayyane ko a Petersburg.

Daga wata wasika zuwa ga shugaban ƙungiya daga jirgin ruwa na soja Guards "Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III» Captain 3rd daraja NM Buhvustova: "Za ka so mu lashe. Bukatarsa ce, mu so shi. Amma lashe ba. A lokaci guda, da kuma na yi alkawari cewa za mu duka mutu, amma ba ka ba up. " A kwamandan kiyaye maganatasa, kuma aka kashe tare da cikakken abun da ke ciki na jirgin ruwa na soja.

Battle of Tsushima, a takaice game da babban

A 14 hours da minti 15, daidai da talatin da biyar minti bayan da farkon na yaki, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Oslabya" karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin 1st daraja V. I. Berom, tare da karfi Vasitis hanci da kuma wata babbar wuta a kan Rostra birgima saukar da fadi a gefen hagu . Minti goma daga baya, da ya bace a karkashin ruwa, da barin kawai itace, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa da kuma zurfin a cikin mutane ruwa a farfajiya.

A 'yan mintuna bayan mutuwar "Oslabya" daya bayan da wasu daga domin jiragen ruwa torpedoed ta Japan matuƙan.

By 16 hours daga domin jirgin ruwa na soja "Prince Suvorov", wanda aka mugun haƙõra da Japan bawo. Ƙarfafu da harshen tsibirin, shi ne game da biyar hours to gani maƙiyi harin. A karshe minti na Rasha matuƙan koma wuta kadai tsira trohdyuymovki da kuma bindigogi. Jirgin ruwa na soja samu bakwai torpedo hits da suka tafi a karkashin ruwan.

A kadan a baya na gudanar da cire Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo tare da ma'aikata a kan hallakarwa "Wild Daya". A total na mutane 23 da aka kwashe. Babu wanda ya iya ajiye mafi. Ya umarci jirgin ruwa na soja da kuma ya mutu a kan shi shugaban 1st daraja, talented marine fenta Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

A general, a lokacin da Rasha-Japanese yaki matattu biyu ban mamaki artist, tare da biyu tsofaffin] aliban na Marine Corps, kuma ta wani bakon daidaituwa da cikakken takwara. Na biyu artist - shi ne Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, nutsar tare da jirgin ruwa na soja "Petropavlovsk" kashe bakin tekun na Port Arthur. Duk da yake a wannan lokaci tare da shi an kashe da kuma Admiral S. O. Makarov, wanda ya lashe yawa teku fadace-fadace a Rasha, kuma ya daukaka da girman kai na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Wadannan da flagship "Knyaz Suvorov" Rasha na mallaka rundunar rasa:

• "Sisoy Veliky" a karkashin umurnin Captain 1st daraja M. P. Ozerova.
• jirgin ruwa na soja "Navarino", karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin 1st Rank, Baron B. A. Fitingofom.
• jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Nakhimov" zama ƙarƙashin daga baya kãmamme kyaftin 1st daraja A. Rodionova.
• jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Ushakov", wanda kwamandan ya Captain 1st daraja V. N. Mikluhina (jirgin kashe na karshe na Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki).
• "Admiral Senyavin" jagorancin Kyaftin 1st daraja S. I. Grigorevym, wanda aka kama da Japan.

Tashin hankalin ya ci gaba da

Battle of Tsushima a 1905 kuma da kwashe a cikin zurfin Rasha matuƙan da jiragensu. Wani mutuwa durkusar jirgin ruwa na soja shiga cikin ruwa tare da duk hannaye a kan jirgin. Har karshe minti daya a cikin mutane - daga kyaftin ga Stoker - yaba da fatan zai yiwu a shawo kan wannan mummunan yakin Tsushima (1905) da kuma a kan hanya arewa-maso-gabas Rasha Coast 23 ze. Babban abu - don tsira. Mutane da yawa sun mutu tare da wannan tunani. Rasha matuƙan a kan jirgin ruwa na soja guje tare duba wurin mutuwa daga 'yan'uwansu. Gãnãwa baki daga kona lebe. "Allah huta rãyukansu, ya Ubangiji"

Hallaka tare da dukan ma'aikatan jirgin da jirgin ruwa na soja "Sarkin sarakuna Alexander III», da kuma daga baya "Borodino". Hanyar mu'ujiza tsere daya kawai ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. A sakamakon yaƙin ya mai foregone ƙarshe. Battle of Tsushima a 1905 sanya mu tunani game da invincibility na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Kashegari, da safe bayan ya farfaɗo da dare torpedo hari da saurã daga cikin Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki sun sallama, da Japan Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. Daga baya Admiral Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru goma a gidan yari, a hukuncin da Sojan Ruwa Kotun daga mallaka girman.

A rabo daga kwamandan

Kwamandan mai hallakarwa "Wild Daya", wanda ya cece Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, ya kyaftin na 2nd daraja Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. A rabo daga wannan mutumin ne sosai ban mamaki. Har da Rasha-Japanese War, ya kasance wani shahararren hydrographer, matafiyi, bincike na Taimyr, kwamandan da icebreaker "Ermak". Ya halarci Rasha iyakacin duniya balaguro na Baron Eduard Toll. Komowa zuwa Rasha bayan Tsushima, inda ya bambanta kansa a matsayin daya daga cikin kwamandoji na Rasha Navy, NN Kolomiitsev umarce daban-daban jiragen ruwa. A yakin duniya na zama mataimakin-admiral. A shekarar 1918 ya aka kama da Bolsheviks da kuma kurkuku a cikin Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja. A mafi yawan littattafan da na Soviet zamanin tarihin rayuwa na NN Kolomiytseva ƙare da kalmomi: "Mutu a Petrograd, mai yiwuwa a 1918." A 1972, sunansa da aka bai sabon hydrographic jirgin. Kawai kwanan nan aka gano cewa Nicholas Kolomiitsev a 1918 suka gudu zuwa Finland. Daga baya ya yi yaƙi a cikin Black Sea a gefen Baron Wrangel. Sa'an nan, ya koma Faransa, kuma ya mutu a Amurka karkashin ƙafafun na soja truck a karshen shekarar 1944. Saboda haka, jirgin "Nikolai Kolomiitsev" shi ne daya kadai a cikin Soviet Navy jirgin mai suna bayan Admiral na White Guard kuma expat.

tarihi bayanai

Daga cikin jerin navies na lokaci da biyu jiragen ruwa yar Battle of Tsushima tsira har mu kwana. Abin da aka sani da jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora" da kuma Japan jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa", da flagship na Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" a Tsushima saki ga makiya game da dubu biyu da bawo, da ciwon, bi da bi, ashirin da daya hit. A jirgin ruwa na soja da tsanani lalacewa, goma sha shida 'yan ƙungiya, ciki har da shugaban, Captain 1st daraja E. R. Egorev, aka kashe, rauni mutane 83 more. Ba kasancewa iya tafi a gaba, "Aurora" da jirgin ruwa na soja "Oleg" da "Pearl" makaman a Manila (Philippines). A cewar wasu masana soja, ya halarci yakin Tsushima, ya ba more dalilin jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora" su bauta a matsayin tunawa fiye da sanannen blank harbi a watan Oktoba 1917.

A birnin Yokosuka a halin kaka jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" kamar yadda gidan kayan gargajiya jiragen ruwa. A da shi ga mai dogon lokaci a Tsushima ranar tunawa taro na Tsohon soji, mahalarta na Rasha-Japanese yaki. A Japan koma zuwa wannan tarihi abin tunawa mai girma girmamawa.

Memory na matattu matuƙan a Tsushima

Na 36 raka'a na Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki a Vladivostok zo uku. M "Almaz" hallaka "Munin" da "m." Mafi yawa daga cikin jiragen ruwa da kuma 5000 matuƙan sun sami madawwami sauran a kasa na Korea mashigar da tsibirin na Tsushima Dazhelet. The kaburbura na Rasha matuƙan wanda ya mutu daga raunuka a zaman talala, har yanzu hankali kiyaye da Japan a Nagasaki. A 1910, a St. Petersburg a kan mutane ta kudi da kuma mata gwauraye gudunmawar snow-fari haikali mai ceto a Waters aka gina, sadaukar da wadanda ke fama da Tsushima. Haikali ya tsaya a takaicce, har cikin tsakiyar 30s. Rasha-Japanese War, Battle of Tsushima - biyu sharuddan zai kasance har abada a cikin madawwami memory na Rasha mutane.