Bekkerel Anri, Faransa likita: biography, bude

Kada ku sani wanda ya gano radioactivity? A wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da masana kimiyya suka kasance a wannan nasara. Henri Becquerel - Faransa likita ta Nobel. Shi ne ya yi a 1896 ya gano radioactivity na uranium salts.

The asalin masanin kimiyya

Bekkerel Anri aka haife Disamba 15, 1852 a birnin Paris, Cuvier gidan, wanda aka mallakar da National Museum of Natural History. Tare da wannan gidan da aka alaka da rayuwa na kowane memba na Mabayyani daular Becquerel. Kakan nan gaba masanin kimiyya, Antuan Sezar Becquerel (shekaru na rayuwa - 1788-1878), shi ne na farko memba na Paris Academy of Sciences, kuma tun 1838 - Shugaba. Na ma'adanai, ta kwashe su, suna yadu da aka sani. A takaice, ya yi nazari kan halin maganaɗisu, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, inji da sauran kaddarorin. A gidan yana na musamman da tarin samfurori, wanda taka leda a babban rawa a cikin rayuwar Aleksandra Edmonda Becquerel, ɗan Antuana Sezara. Wannan mutumin (rai shekaru - 1820-1891) kuma karatu. Bugu da kari, shi ya kasance wani memba na Paris Academy of Sciences, kuma ya kasance ta shugaban kasa a 1880. Kamar yadda uba Anri Bekkerelya shi ya kasance wani farfesa kimiyyar lissafi da kuma aiki a matsayin Darektan kula da National Museum of Natural History.

A farko karatu na Henri

Lokacin da Henry ya 18, ya fara taimaka mahaifinsa a nazarin da suka zama mataimakansa. A sa'an nan da ya ɓullo da wani amfani a cikin matsaloli na daukar hoto da kuma phosphorescence, wanda ya zauna tare da Becquerel ga rayuwa. Wannan sha'awa ya gaji Antuan Anri, ɗansa. Littafi Anri Bekkerelya "Light, ta haddasawa da kuma ayyuka" daga baya ya zama wani littafin Jagora ga Antoine.

Antuan Sezar, kakan mu gwarzo, ya biya mai girma da hankali ga ilimi ya jikan. Yaron daga wani matashi, shi ne wani abu da yarda Antoine, wanda bai ganin ya fice damar iya yin komai, har yanzu zaton cewa zai tafi da nisa.

Ilimi a lyceum da Ecole Polytechnique

A yanayi da cewa rinjãya a kan gidan Cuvier, da gudummawar da samuwar mai zurfi da kuma tsanani amfani Henri kimiyyar lissafi. Boy gano a cikin lyceum Louis Legrand. A wannan jami'ar, ya kamata a lura, ya yi sa'a tare da malamai. A shekaru 19, a 1872, Bekkerel Anri sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare. Ya sa'an nan ya ci gaba da karatu a Ecole Polytechnique. Daga shekarar farko da saurayi ya fara rayayye gudanar da nasu bincike. Daga bisani ya samu a wannan lokacin gwaji basira yana da matukar amfani.

Tashin hankalin ya na sirri rayuwa, da farko bazawa

Bayan samun digiri daga Henry fara wani 3-shekara tsawon sabis a Cibiyar Communications, inda ya za'ayi da aikin injiniya da aiki. A wannan lokaci ya auri 'yar wani farfesa a kimiyyar lissafi. Yarinya mai suna Lyusi Zhamen. Ya hadu da ita baya a lyceum shekaru. Duk da haka, da iyali arziki masanin kimiyyar ya short-rayu. Bekkerel Anri rasa ya ƙaunataccen matarsa, wanda kawai ya juya shekaru 20 da haihuwa. Ta bar shi jariri dan Jean.

Kimiyya ya taimaka Henry su tsira da wannan asara. Scientist nutsad da kansu a cikin karatu. A 1875 ta gudanar na farko littafin na Anri Bekkerelya (a cikin "Journal de likita"). Cikin labarin da aka hange, da kuma 24-shekara masanin kimiyyar da aka tambaye zama malami a Ecole Polytechnique. A wannan makaranta shekaru 20 daga baya, ya riga ya farfesa.

Aiki tare da mahaifinsa, da ya doctoral dissertation

Bekkerel Anri a 1878, ya fara aiki a Museum of Natural History, inda ya kasance mataimakin wa mahaifinsa. A general taken ayyukansu an hade da yankin, da kuma magneto-Tantancewar crystal kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta. A musamman, da masu bincike da za'ayi wani ban sha'awa nazarin yadda jirgin sama rotates a wani Magnetic filin, da rabuwa da haske. Yana da wani m sabon abu gano Maykl Faradey. Kowace rana, kallon da ci gaba da ɗansa, wanda aka riga aka sani a matsayin mai experimenter, Henry mahaifina shi alfahari da shi. Henri Becquerel a 1888 ya gabatar da doctoral sabawa rubuce-rubucensu a Sorbonne. Wannan aikin ya ci gaba da karatu na ubansa da kakan, kazalika da sakamakon da shekaru goma na ayyukan marubucin. An yadu yaba.

Kimiyya aiki da wani sabon aure

Anri Bekkerel a shekara daga baya ya zama memba na Paris Academy of Sciences. Ya aka nada sakataren jiki rabuwa. 3 Bayan shekaru, Henry ya riga wani farfesa a National Museum of Natural History. Na biyu aure, shekaru 14 bayan da jin dadin rayuwarsu, yana nufin da wannan lokaci.

An muhimmanci samu sanya da hatsari

Idan shi ba nufin na harka, za mu iya tunawa da cewa masanin kimiyyar kawai kamar yadda shu'urin da gwani experimenter, amma ba yawa kuma. Duk da haka, akwai wani muhimmanci sosai taron. Shi ne da godiya ga shi ya zama sananne ga dukan duniya Anri Bekkerel. Ban sha'awa facts game da wannan masanin kimiyya ne da yawa, amma mafi ban sha'awa, watakila, saboda gaskiya ya gano radioactivity.

Maris 1 Anri Bekkerel karatu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje luminescence na uranium salts. Samun kammala aikin, shi ya juya a cikin wani opaque kuma m baki takarda samfurin (mai rufi uranium gishiri patterned farantin karfe). Scientist sa da juna a kan akwatin na daukar hoto faranti, wanda yake a cikin aljihun tebur da kuma rufe da aljihun tebur. Bayan wani lokaci Henry ya fitar da wani akwatin na daukar hoto faranti. Ya nuna musu, mafi m, wadannan ya al'ada nazarin duk. The masanin kimiyya na ruɗe, saboda ya gano cewa saboda wasu dalilai da suka kasance sunã hasken. Henry gan image na patterned farantin karfe wanda shi ne ko ta yaya bayyananne. Ta yaya zai bayyana shi? Light ba zai iya samun kan farantin. Saboda haka, kamar yadda gane Becquerel, wasu haskoki sa wannan sakamako.

Ara nazarin haskoki gano by Becquerel

Lissafin kimiyya riga ya san game da wanzuwar haskoki da kai ga blackening na daukar hoto faranti, kuma suna ganuwa zuwa ido. Just watanni shida kafin Röntgen sanya abin sa mamaki samu. A samu na X-haskoki - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tarihi na kimiyyar lissafi. A wannan lokacin, da kowa da kowa kuma yana magana game da shi. Wata kila wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa rahoton, wanda ya yi likita Anri Bekkerel a Paris Academy of Sciences Maris 2, 1896, aka gana da sha'awar. Scientist May 12 ya yi magana game da su da cikakken bude daga cikin Museum of Natural History, a gaban babban sauraro. Kuma a sa'an nan ya gaya game da shi a Paris International Congress aka gudanar a watan Agusta 1900. A wannan lokaci, wanda ya gano radioactivity, sun gane cewa su gano radiation - ba luminescence. Shi ne kuma sabanin sauran shahararrun radiation lissafin kimiyya. Karkashin sinadaran ko ta jiki (matsa lamba, dumama da kuma sauransu. D.) Tasirin shi ba a canza. Ba zan iya sarrafa su sami wani karu a cikin tsanani. Yana da jũna da cewa wasu zama tushen haskake wannan makamashi.

By cewa lokaci shi aka riga aka sani da cewa mataki na ganuwa haskoki gano by Becquerel, ba kawai take kaiwa zuwa blackening na daukar hoto faranti. Sun kuma nuna da kuma sauran ayyuka, ciki har da nazarin halittu. Alal misali, a jiki da miyagun ƙwayoyi Becquerel, wanda yake a cikin aljihunsa, kafa ulcers. Ba su warkar na dogon lokaci. Tun daga nan, masana kimiyya sun fara sa da kwayoyi a cikin gubar akwatin.

Hadin gwiwa tare da M. kuma Pierre Curie

Daga cikin wadanda suke da sha'awar a Becquerel sanya samu, akwai da dama da fice masana kimiyya. Ya kamata a lura Anri Puankare kuma D. I. Mendeleeva, wanda musamman ya isa zuwa Paris don gano marubucin. Har ila yau daga cikin wadannan masana sun ma'auratan Marie kuma Per Kyuri. Interest Curie ya haddasa muhimmanci sakamakon. A tarihin gano radioactivity ci gaba da cewa wadannan da aka samu daga: shi dai itace, shi ne muhimmi, fãce uranium da kuma wasu sauran sinadaran abubuwa, ko da yake zuwa sãɓãwar launukansa digiri. Masana kimiyya ci gaba da karatu da jiki yanayi gano by Becquerel haskoki. A sakamakon haka, sakamakon da makamashi da aka bude, suka samo asali a cikin rediyoaktif lalata, da kuma jawo radioactivity da sauransu.

cancanci fitarwa

A fice nasarori Anri Bekkerelya samu fitarwa shi ya cancanci. The masanin kimiyyar da aka gayyace zuwa Royal Society of London. Bugu da kari, cikin Paris Academy of Sciences bayar da Henry duk samuwa sai insignia. Becquerel Agusta 8, 1900 a birnin Paris, ya yi magana a International Congress of jiki, inda ya karanta babban rahoton.

The Nobel Prize

Bayan shekaru 3, ya aka bayar da Lambar Yabo ta Duniya (tare da Maria da kuma Pierre Curie) Anri Bekkerel. Tarihinsa ne ban sha'awa da kuma a gaskiya wannan masanin kimiyya ne na farko da kasar Faransa wanda ya kawo Nobel lambar yabo a Paris. Curies, da rashin alheri, ba zai iya zo maka da shi a Stockholm. Domin su Nobel Prize aka bayar da Faransa.

A karshe shekaru ransa

M liyafar, karrama, kasa da kasa fitarwa - duk da wannan jiran Anri Bekkerelya. Duk da haka, ya bai canza salon. Scientist har karshe kwanaki zauna duqufar zuwa kimiyya m ma'aikacin. Anri Bekkerel, da bude daga abin da suke da muhimmanci ga kara raya kimiyya, ya mutu a Le Croisic (Brittany) yana da shekaru 55 da shekaru. A cikin girmamawa, mai suna craters a duniyar Mars kuma Moon, kazalika da naúrar na radioactivity - Bq. The sunan masanin kimiyya ne kunshe a cikin jerin mafi girma Faransa masana kimiyya, wanda aka located a kan ta farko bene na Eiffel Tower.

A rabo daga Jean Bekkereya

Yana da aka ci nasara ilimi aiki da Zhana Bekkerelya. Ya kasance mai cancanta gade wa mahaifinsa. Wannan masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a kan Fabrairu 5, 1878 a Paris, inda duk abin da ya yi aiki Becquerel. Ransa ya dade. The masanin kimiyyar ya mutu yana da shekaru 75 years, kamar yadda wani memba na Paris Academy of Sciences da wani mashahuri likita.

sabon al'amurran da suka shafi

Kamar dukan gaske sabon aukuwa kamar bude na makamashi-ceton fasahar, da ganewa na radioactivity ya ba da masana kimiyya ba kawai amsoshi. Yana kuma ba Yunƙurin zuwa sabon al'amurran da suka shafi da kuma kalubale. Me inji underlies rediyoaktif lalace? Abin da ayyuka nuna haskoki, kuma me ya sa? A wadannan da sauran tambayoyi masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su da cikakken amsar.