Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid - shi ne mafi sauki wakilin aji na carboxylic ko kwayoyin acid tare da sinadaran dabara C6H5COOH. Wannan sunadarai fili za a iya ce da shi aka kafa ta maye gurbin daya hydrogen zarra a haɗe zuwa carbon zarra na benzene zobe zuwa carboxy kungiyar.

Benzoic acid a cikin bayyanar ne a colorless crystalline m da yawa daga 1,27 g / cm³ da kuma kwayoyin nauyi na 122,1 g / mole. Narkewa batu C6H5COOH daidai 122,41 ° C da kuma tafasar - 249,2 ° C. A cikin 1 lita na ruwa ne iya soke 2.9 g C6H5COOH abu. Acidity ne 4,202, da Refractive index ne 1,5397.

Sunan da aka samu daga benzoin, daga abin da a cikin 16th karni (wanda aka farko aka bayyana da Nostradamus a 1556, sa'an nan Blaise de Vigenère a 1596), a abu na farko ware ta sublimation. Na dogon lokaci, wannan halitta fili zauna kawai tushen acid.

A 1832 ta sunadarai J. Liebig aka farko da aka bayyana tsarin benzoic acid, da kuma a 1875 a Jamus physiologist Ernst Leopold Salkowski diddigin ta antifungal da maganin antiseptik Properties. A salts ana amfani da matsayin hana aifuwa na maza a cikin kayayyakin abinci, da kuma benzoic acid da kanta ne wani muhimmin albarkatun kasa don kira na da yawa wasu kwayoyin mahadi. Mutane da yawa matan aure da kuma a yau amfani da wannan na musamman ikon da carboxylic acid ga dogon lokaci ajiya lingonberry berries ba tare da ƙarin preservatives (ko da ba tare da kara sugar) ko musamman aiki hanyoyin.

Esters na benzoic acid da kuma salts daga gare aka sani da benzoates. Ingantaccen halaye na aromatic mahadi da carboxylic acid hadawa benzoic acid. Its sinadaran Properties aka ƙaddara da gaban da aromatic zobe da kuma wani carboxyl kungiyar.

Domin da aromatic zobe halayyar electrophilic canzawa dauki yafi ga uku carbon zarra, wanda wuri ne m dangi da carboxyl kungiyar.

Na biyu makirci ne canzawa dauki ke a cikin wuri na hydrogen na carboxyl kungiyar da kuma hankali.

All halayen da aka ambata carboxylic acid, suna kuma halayyar for C6H5COOH.

Saboda da musamman antiseptic da antifungal Properties, benzoic acid da aka yi amfani da canning. Ana amfani da a matsayin yawan abinci Additives E210-E213. Benzoic acid tubalan da enzymes da kuma metabolism cutarwa unicellular kwayoyin. Godiya ta zuwa ga mataki hana ci gaban da yeasts, kyawon tsayuwa da yawa cuta-haddasa kwayoyin. Yi amfani da benzoic acid ko ta sodium, potassium, ko alli salts.

The abu iya exhibiting antimicrobial aiki ne kawai a acidic abinci. Idan kwayuka PH kasa fi ko daidai to 5, da anaerobic fermentation na glucose an rage zuwa 95%. Inganci acid da kuma benzoates dogara da PH na abinci. Ruwan 'ya'yan itace (dauke da citric acid), kyalkyali abubuwan sha (dauke da CO2), wadanda ba giya (dauke da phosphoric acid), pickles (acetic acid) ko wasu kiyaye abinci acidification acid da kuma ta salts. Mafi kyau duka yawa a cikin adana abinci ne a cikin kewayon 0.05-0.1%.

Bisa toluene sau da yawa hada benzoic acid. Shiri shi gudana ta hanyar da dauki makirci methylbenzene hadawan abu da iskar shaka da potassium permanganate. A kan wani ciniki akai shi ne na musamman kwayoyin fili samar ta hanyar m hadawan abu da iskar shaka na toluene tare da oxygen. A tsari faruwa a musamman mai kara kuzari. Domin dakunan gwaje-gwaje benzoic acid ne cheap da kuma samuwa reagent. Domin duk syntheses, shi za a iya tsarkake ta recrystallization daga ruwa-ruwa bayani. A wannan yanayin, dũkiyar high solubility a cikin ruwan zafi da matalauta solubility a ruwan sanyi.

Benzoic acid sami fadi da yin amfani matsayin hana aifuwa na maza na abinci, magani da kuma Organic kira dangane da shi an samu daban-daban kwayoyin abubuwa, ciki har da dyes. Har ila yau, an yi amfani da sinadaran masana'antu ko a yi na hikimar tantance dakunan gwaje-gwaje.