Cutar sankarar bargo - Mene ne wannan? Description da cutar, haddasawa, ganewar asali, hangen nesa

Oncology, ciwon daji - wadannan sharuddan sa m, iyaka da Association tsõro a cikin da yawa daga cikin mu. Lokacin da wani m ƙari sãme a wani sashin jiki, aka cire. Kuma abin da ya yi tare da jini da ciwon daji, wanda kullum yana tafiya a ko'ina cikin jiki da kuma aka ziyarci kowane sashen dama, a rana sau. Yawancin mutane sun gaskata da cutar ne 100% m, kuma, halin da ake, shi za a iya bi kamar wani Oncology. Its daidai sunan - cutar sankarar bargo ko cutar sankarar bargo. Mene ne wannan? Abin da dalilai sa shi? Ashe, akwai wani kayan aikin da za su iya warkar da shi? Ko gaji da cutar sankarar bargo? Me ya sa su sha wahala kananan yara? Bari mu yi kokarin amsa dukkan wadannan tambayoyi.

masana'antu jini

Bayyana abin da yake cutar sankarar bargo, ba zai yiwu, kada a ba da cikakken bayani game da jini. Yana alama ruwa yi kama, amma a gaskiya akwai dubban microscopic Kwayoyin - ja da maikacin jini, platelets da farin jini Kwayoyin. Dukan su a cikin majalisa ta zauna tsawon shekaru da kuma mutuwa. Wajen da matattu nan da nan kai sababbi. Sun samar da abin da ake kira "factory" na jini, wanda aka located a cikin thymus, saifa, Lymph nodes, bargo, tubular da hip ƙasũsuwa. Ko dai don samar da karshe samfurin ake bukata feedstock. A hematopoietic 'masana'antu' raw kayan su kara Kwayoyin. Kamar yadda ya dace, suna modified (bambanta), juya cikin da ake so jini barbashi. Wannan tsari shine ake kira cell maturation. Wasu tsarin baya shi ne a hankali da sanya idanu. Masana kimiyya yi wannan hematopoietic "mai kula" ya sani kadan, mun dai san cewa a tsawon ripening kara Kwayoyin sha mahara metamorphosis, sannu-sannu juya zuwa cikin myelocytes, normocytes, prolymphocytes wasu har suka isa karshe mataki, a cikin abin da canje-canje zo ga ƙarshe. Alal misali, lymphocyte mataki wuce lymphoblasts da prolymphocytes da erythrocyte mataki eritrotsitoblasta, pronormotsita, normocytes da reticulocyte. Lokacin da wani matsalar aiki na samfur faruwa ga wannan rikitarwa "injin mai" za a fara taro rabo m Kwayoyin daga matsakaiciyar, saukarwa, da kewaye terminates kara canje. Alal misali, shi ba ya isa da lymphocytes, da kuma tsaya a nan ba a lymphoblasts. Sai dai itace wani overabundance na dole ba m Kwayoyin cewa tara sosai cewa sun tura daga al'ada jini-forming germs. Saboda haka akwai wani sankarar bargo. Mene ne wannan? Wannan shi ne wani m cuta na hematopoietic tsarin.

A kullum fom

Leukemias suna classified bisa ga daban-daban sharudda. By neoplastic yanayin tafiyar matakai asirce su m, kuma kullum siffofin. A wannan yanayin da wadannan fassarorin ne sabani da ba dace da misali. Saboda haka, siffofin cutar sankarar bargo ba ya dogara ne a kan duration da cutar da kuma ba zai wuce a cikin sãshe, kuma kowane na da mataki na gafarta musu kuma sake komowa. Hadari alama na cutar sankarar bargo ne m sufuri rikidaddu jini Kwayoyin a wani sashin jiki, haddasa su don fara da ciwon daji.

Bari mu bincika kullum cutar sankarar bargo. Mẽne ne, kuma me ya sa shi ne ake kira? Wannan irin cuta ne ya sa ta maye gurbi riga ya kafa, a shirye domin aikin da maikacin jini (erythrocytes, leukocytes, kuma platelets). Mafi sau da yawa shi bayyana kanta dake da shekaru 50 da shekaru da mazan. Siffofin na kullum cutar sankarar bargo:

• myelocytic.
• neutrophilic.
• mieloskleroz.
• basophilic.
• myelomonocytic.
• monocyte.
• erythromyelosis.
• lymphocytic cutar sankarar bargo.
• m cell cutar sankarar bargo.
• lymphomatosis.
• gistotsitoz.
• iretrimiya.
• thrombocythemia.

Kowace daga cikinsu yana da kansa halayyar bayyanar cututtuka. Alal misali, lokacin da myelocytic cutar sankarar bargo kawai ãyõyin cuta farko shi ne wani rauni, sweating, gajiya. The baƙin ciki ba a kara girman, da jini ne na al'ada. Abinda ya iya faɗakar da - wani ƙara yawan neutrophils a cikin jini, ko da yake da shi ya auku a duk dauke da kwayar cutar tafiyar matakai.

Da na kowa siffofin m kullum da cutar sankarar bargo ne:

• rauni.
• wuce kima sweating.
• splenomegaly.
• kumbura Lymph nodes.
• rashes a kan fata da kuma mucous membranes.
• necrotic matakai na fata da kuma gabobin.
• wani exacerbation na tsãwa rikicin a cikin jini da kuma bargo.
• cutar.
• kara yawan leukocytes a cikin jini.
• infiltration na leukocytes a cikin bargo.
• rage rigakafi.

kullum lymphocytic cutar sankarar bargo

Wannan cuta ne ya sa ta maye gurbi a cikin balagagge lymphocytes, kuma 90-98% na su ne a cikin rukunin "B". Ga rarrabe benign da kuma m, saukarwa. A karshen sosai da sauri ya jũya a cikin lymphosarcoma. Farko da cuta ne kusan indefinable, saboda haƙuri ba ya jin wani m bayyanar cututtuka, da dukan jinin gwaje-gwaje nuna al'ada, ciki har da farin jini cell count. A tsawon lokaci, da rashin lafiya mutum zai fara zuwa taya sauri, akwai sweating, kuma Lymph nodes da baƙin ciki an karu. A kullum lymphocytic cutar sankarar bargo ne mai zaman kanta form, da ake kira m cell cutar sankarar bargo, halayyar villous outgrowths na cytoplasm, kuma shi ya ƙunshi mai yawa phosphatase kuma shi ne resistant zuwa acid tartarikovym. A wannan nau'i na ƙãra Lymph nodes ne ba, da kuma baƙin ciki. Ta biyu alama - cytopenia, watau a rage a cikin jini na daya ko jimla guda kafa abubuwa. A matakin farko na ganewar asali da dukkan siffofin lymphocytic leukemias wuya ko da lokacin da yin jini gwaje-gwaje, domin sakamakon masu kama ga wani dauke da kwayar cutar cututtuka. Har ila yau hana yadda ya kamata gane asali kumburi da Lymph nodes, wanda ba za a iya hade da cutar sankarar bargo. Marasa lafiya yi farko kwayoyin magani sa'an nan saka da ganewar asali hanyoyin da histological da cytological nazarin yi roentgen (sankarar bargo huhu kafa infiltrates na lymphocytes ya karu thoracic Lymph nodes).

A m nau'i na cutar sankarar bargo

A lokacin kuruciya da kuma samartaka ne fiye da na kowa m cutar sankarar bargo. Mene ne shi da kuma yadda yake da illa? Wannan irin cuta ne ya sa ta maye gurbi a cikin m da maikacin jini, da farko (tsãwa) jiha. Dangane da abin da siffofin farko Kwayoyin mutated, wadannan iri m leukemias:

• monoblastny.
• myelogenous.
• eritromieloblastny.
• myeloblastic.
• m lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo.
• undifferentiated.

Kamar yadda a cikin m cutar sankarar bargo a cikin jini ne mai sauyawa na ma'adinai barbashi a kan aiki m jini hankali hasarar da akayi aiki, wato, da wadata da gabobin da oxygen da kuma gina jiki. Har ila yau muhimmanci rage ko gaba daya rasa aikin leukocytes ta kare jiki da waje kwayoyin.

Bayyanar cututtuka na m cutar sankarar bargo

All iri da cutar da mataki na farko (jagoranci), gafarta musu kuma sake komowa. Za a yaba da cewa shi ne zai yiwu duka biyu firamare da kuma maimaita sake komowa daga m cutar sankarar bargo. Total somptomatika cuta ne kamar haka:

• ƙari yaduwa a cikin bargo.
• m anemia.
• janar wani rauni da nakasa daga 'ya'yan numfashin da juwa.
• mucosal zub da jini da kuma ulceration (m stomatitis, tonsillitis, ulceration a cikin esophagus da hanjinsu).
• rashes a kan fata.
• kara a hanta, saifa, Lymph nodes.
• ciwon huhu.
• zafi a cikin ƙasũsuwa alhãli kuwa sunã effleurage (hanyar growths a wadannan mutant Kwayoyin).
• sepsis da kuma sauran cututtuka da rikitarwa.

Gafarar faruwa a lokacin da jini da aka daina gano m Kwayoyin a cikin bargo na kasa da 5%, da kuma yaduwa na leukemic bargo ne ba samuwa.

A mafi hatsari da kuma prevalent a cikin yara a shekaru kungiyar 1-6 shekara tare da m lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo. Mafi sau da yawa da suka samu rashin lafiya boys.

Tun da lymphocytes ne a cikin nau'i "B" (alhakin antibody samar) da kuma "T" (combats waje barbashi), lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo da aka subdivided cikin da dama iri, kowanne daga abin da mutate wasu siffofin leukocytes. A kashi sharuddan, da gubar "a" siffofin, wanda raba 85%. A ganiya abin da ya faru ya auku a yara daga shekaru 3, tun a wannan shekaru jiki rayayye samar "B" -leykotsity. "T" -form daukan da gubar a cikin matasa 14-15 shekara, lokacin da na thymus kai ta matsakaicin size. A gafarar cutar sankarar bargo a cikin irin wannan dole ne dole zama al'ada cerebrospinal ruwa. Gano dauke yaro wanda gafarar yana for 5 shekaru ko fiye. A rayuwa kudi na yara da dace da ta dace magani daga m cutar sankarar bargo ne 80-85%.

Sanadin da ganewar asali

Cutar sankarar bargo a cikin manya da yara yana sa disturbances a cikin tsarin chromosomes cewa za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar hereditary lahani ko waje da tasirinsa. Wadannan sun hada da:

• sakawa a iska mai guba (radiation).
• Carcinogens (magunguna, abinci, da magunguna).
• nicotine.
• jiyyar cutar sankara na siffofin maruran.

A ka'idar kwayar etiology na cutar sankarar bargo da aka ba tukuna tabbatar.

Daga cikin hereditary dalilai ya kasance wani gagarumin karuwa a cikin sankarar bargo cuta a cikin Down ta ciwo, Bloom, Turner.

Ganewar asali daga cutar sankarar bargo sun hada da:

• external dubawa (probing nodes, gano mucosal canje-canje).
• Laboratory jini gwaje-gwaje a kan gwada yawa abun da ke ciki na ja da maikacin jini, lymphocytes, ja da maikacin jini, platelets.
• bargo biopsy.
• (PCR iya gane da Philadelphia chromosome, idan ba).
• Kifi analysis (ya nuna canje-canje a chromosomes).
• IPT (ma'anar Kwayoyin yin amfani da alamomi da kuma antigens).

magani

Marasa lafiya da cutar sankarar bargo ake bukata don halartar wani hanya na jiyyar cutar sankara (kwayoyi, injections da kwayoyi). Wannan magani ya sa ya yiwu don kashe duk mutated Kwayoyin. Jiyyar cutar sankara yawanci ba kasa da biyu - na farko, mataki na m nau'i na cuta, kuma a prophylactic, a gafarta musu. Bayan na farko da mataki na jiyya da kuma lokacin da ya kai 100% na sakamako da aka yi dasawa da bargo Kwayoyin. Idan bayan duk wannan aikin zo a sake komowa, shi na nuna ineffectiveness na amfani da magunguna. A irin haka ne, canja magani regimen. Da komowa na cutar sankarar bargo ko da yaushe rage rayuwa kudi. Likitoci sun gano wani yawan iri da cutar dawo:

1. A cikin sharuddan

• superearly (rayuwa kudi na kawai 10%).
• farkon.
• marigayi (nasarar da aka samu a cikin 38% na lokuta).

2. sarrafawa

• waje da bargo.
• bargo (mafi m).
• a hade.

Very tsanani kuma, a mafi yawan lokuta unpredictable cuta daga cutar sankarar bargo. Ta yaya kawo hadari shi ne, fãce ga keta daga cikin ayyukan jini? Da fari dai, da cewa ciwon daji Kwayoyin yada sauƙi, kuma da sauri a ko'ina cikin jiki. Abu na biyu, mai tsanani wahala da cutar, a cikin abin da mutant Kwayoyin iya shiga cikin kwakwalwa membranes. Uku, da illa lalacewa ta hanyar lura da iri daban-daban na cutar sankarar bargo.

Cutar sankarar bargo daga dabbõbi (shanu)

Dukan dabbobi, har da dabbobi masu rarrafe, ma, wahala daga cutar sankarar bargo, na biyu sunan ne hematological malignancies. Ya aka bayyana a cikin 1858. A farko an yi tunanin cewa wannan cuta ba kawo hadari ga mutane. Yanzu, godiya ga sabon bincike, an tabbatar da cewa ga mutane da cutar sankarar bargo dabbobi babban mai manyan barazana. Don kwanan wata, cutar da ake fairly da kyau gane, amma magani ya ba tukuna aka ɓullo. Kamar mutane, sankarar bargo a cikin dabbobi bayyana a sprouting ƙari (yaduwa) na hematopoietic nama Kwayoyin tare da watsi a babban yawan m jini lymphoblasts da myeloblasts. Sa wadannan maye gurbi Bovine leukaemic cutar. A wasu fata ne ta rashin zaman lafiya zuwa high yanayin zafi da kuma sunadarai. Saboda haka, ta mutu a cikin nama da minti at zazzabi na 60 ° C, da kuma a cikin madara a zazzabi na 75 ° C for 20 seconds riga. Abu ne mai sauki domin kawar da cutar mafita daga formaldehyde, chlorine, sodium hydroxide. Amma a live dabbobi ba zai yiwu a halaka shi. Da cewa shi rinjayar da lymphocytes. Wani irin far da nufin lalata da cutar sankarar bargo cutar, a lokaci guda ta halakar da farin jini Kwayoyin kuma ba tare da wanda dabba mutu.

Bayyanar cututtuka da cutar

Cattle cutar sankarar bargo cututtuka na iya faruwa har zuwa shekaru 6. Duk wannan lokaci, dabba ne mai cutar da cewa zai iya harba sauran dabbobi da mutane, kazalika da wasa a rashin lafiya zuriya, game da shi, yada cutar a dabbobi gonaki. Ware 4, saukarwa da cutar:

• podleykoznaya.
• na farko.
• tura.
• m.

A mataki na farko na yau da kullum jini gwaje-gwaje nuna al'ada. kawai wani takamaiman jini gwajin zai iya gano cutar (serological gwaje-gwaje, virologic gwaje-gwaje). A jihar gonaki ciyar da shiryawa da kuma musamman da mutum sau da yawa ne m cewa ya ƙaunataccen Burenka terminally rashin lafiya.

Na biyu lokaci ne halin da karuwa a yawan leukocytes da lymphocytes a jini, da kuma akwai manyan kashi daga m siffofin. Duk da haka, da m ãyõyi da cuta ne har yanzu akwai.

Kawai a cikin na uku mataki na cutar sankarar bargo shanu fara nuna asibiti bayyanar cututtuka. Wadannan sun hada da:

• dabba gajiya.
• janar tabarbarewar, ãr.
• da ake samu raguwa.
• matsaloli tare da narkewa kamar fili (zawo ko maƙarƙashiya, wahalar daukan taban).
• yellowing na mucous membranes.
• tabarbarewar da zuciya;
• Wurare da dama a edema (a cikin nono dewlap, ciki).
• pripadanie a kan Hind kafafu.
• exophthalmia.
• kumbura Lymph nodes (wani lokacin da suka isa girman da baby ta kai).

A karshe mataki bai dade ba. All asibiti cututtuka a lokaci guda ya nuna sama-sama a cikin jini ya nuna wani babban kaso na mutated farin jini Kwayoyin tare da hali ga sauran gwada yawa raguwa. The dabba hasarar da ikon domin yaki da cutar, kuma ya mutu.

A matasa azumi wuce duk matakai da adult dabba wani lokacin mutu nan take daga ruptured baƙin ciki. Zai iya faruwa kafin farko na bayyanar cututtuka.

rigakafin

Kamar yadda cutar sankarar bargo lura da dabbobi ba zai iya zama, na bayar da muhimmanci a yaki da cutar ne rigakafin. A farko wuri shi ne da za su gudanar dace da ƙididdiga. A manyan gonaki da suka yi a kowace shekara 1 lokaci ga dukan dabbobi, da kuma sau 2 zuwa bijimai. Idan garken shanu da aka gano a gare fiye da 2 cutar dako, da gona yana dauke su samun galaba. Gyara halin da ake ciki da aka gudanar a hanyoyi biyu - culling kamuwa da dabbobi da kuma maye ga daukacin jama'ar. A lokaci guda dole disinfect barns.

Yana da muhimmanci rigakafin shigo da 'yan maruƙa da data kasance dabbobi. All shigo da dabbobi dole-duba a kan oncornavirus.

Shin, akwai wani mai cutar sankarar bargo madara da nama samu daga kamuwa da dabbobi? Abin baƙin ciki, a. Milk daga shanu fama da cutar sankarar bargo, an tsananin haramta sha sabo. Wannan madara kamata a tsĩrar da dairies, inda aka fallasa su na tsawon lokaci pasteurization. A wani m yanayi da zai iya sha bayan wani dogon (ba kasa da minti 5) tafasar. Mutane da yawa likitoci bayar da shawarar yin amfani da irin wannan madara kawai ga abincin dabbobi.

Nama, idan akwai wani shan kashi da cutar sankarar bargo tsokoki kuma za a iya ci bayan wani m zafi magani. Idan muna da burin ko matattu dabba gawarwakin mamakin kuma kwarangwal tsoka, ta gawa dole ne a zubar da.