Diesel wha: bayani dalla-dalla da kuma sake dubawa

Daya daga cikin manyan shortcomings na Rasha mota masana'antu ne rashin wani taro na dizal motoci. A ra'ayi na gida masana'antun yi amfani da waje takwarorinsu. A ci gaba da wadannan Motors fara kawai a rabi na biyu na karni na karshe, kuma da taro zabin har yanzu bai bayyana. Next, mun yi la'akari da dizal Vaz motoci.

abubuwan da ake bukata

A farko gwaji dizal motoci bayyana a Turai a 30s. karshe karni. A Tarayyar Soviet, wannan ya faru da yawa daga baya, domin da yawa dalilai.

Da fari dai, wadannan ikon raka'a su ne mafi wuya ga tsirar a kwatanta da man fetur takwarorinsu.

Na biyu, diesels cewa lokaci da yawa wanzuwa wasan kwaikwayon.

Abu na uku, Motors Local ya furta korau yi: high amo matakin, da matsaloli na sanyi farko, low muhalli friendliness.

A nan, a lokacin da fetur da aka sosai cheap, don haka har ma da wasu nauyi kayan aka sanye take da fetur injuna. A cewar diesels dalilai, yafi amfani a kan m inji, inda sũ sun kasance mafi dacewa fiye da fetur injuna saboda high-karfin juyi.

Daya daga cikin na farko Soviet fasinja mota, samun wani dizal engine, ya zama Gaz-21, da kuma ta fitarwa analogue: a cikin 60s. Belgium inji Fitted da dama embodiments yanayi injuna na waje yi.

A 70-ies. Yana fara aiki yaduwar dizal injuna a motoci kananan da kuma matsakaici azuzuwan. Babban dalilin da ya rikicin makamashi na 1973 Cars & Motors Local ta samo asali to da yawa. Sun kasance mafiya fetur takwarorinsu cikin sharuddan yadda ya dace da kuma karko da 1.5-2 sau, saboda mafi ƙarfi daga cikin sassa. Performance ne ma inganta hanyar yin amfani da turbines.

Da farko vazovskiy dizal

A cikin Volga Automobile Shuka wajen samar da dizal injuna domin fasinja model fara a cikin 80s. Designers, an yanke shawarar gina wata mota tare da fetur samar da fasahar da aka gyara, da tabbatar aikin a kan 2108. A gaban su akwai wata matsala da rashi na man fetur da kayan aiki na dizal injuna domin motocin fasinja.

A sakamakon haka, a kan tushen da block 2103 halitta yanayi powerplant Vaz-341 girma 1,45 lita da 55 lita. wani. Ya bambanta precombustion zane yana ambaton ba carburetion fistan yankin, da kuma a raba jam'iyya. Lantarki fakowa ba. The rarraba man fetur a cylinders dauki babban matsin famfon. By zane, dizal Vaz kama da Ford Motors da kuma Volkswagen farkon 80-ies. Yana da aka ambata cewa engine da na karshe samfurin da aka dauka domin raya kasa.

Bisa ga gwajin sakamakon ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne unacceptable don amfani da misali "fetur" sassa. Diesel Vaz, kamar sauran Motors da irin halin da ya karu lodi saboda da hakan matsawa rabo. Saboda wannan da yawa daga cikin abubuwa rasa ƙarfi, musamman da crank inji da fistan kungiyar. A halin da ake ciki an aggravated da low daidaici masana'antu.

Bisa ga wannan, a cikin shekarar 1984, an yanke shawarar kirkiro 1.7 lita dizal tushen Vaz-2106 ta amfani da abubuwa 21083.

A shekarar 1986 ya halicci wani turbocharged version na 3411 damar 65 lita. wani. da kuma 114 nm, da kuma fito da biyu sanye take da shi, "Niva" tare da wani index of 21215. Duk da haka, suna daga domin nan da nan.

Amma duk da haka, Vaz-2105 tare da 341-m motor samu index 21055, ya wuce jihar gwaje-gwaje a 1986-1988, duk da haka, duk da daidaituwa da mota tare da fetur, da mota bai gudu a samar. Wannan shi ne saboda dalilai da yawa. Daya daga cikin manyan - da rashin jihar taimakon kudi.

jerin dizal injuna

Next lokaci domin cin gaban dizal injuna wha dauki a 1996 da "Barnaultransmash". Sharuddan hadin gwiwa zaci cewa na biyu shuka zai samar da ikon raka'a Vaz ci gaba. iyali na uku injuna da aka halitta.

Sai ya zama da farko 341-th mota, ya karu zuwa 1,52 lita girma. More ingantaccen engine 343 da wani ƙarfi na 1.8 lita. A mafi yawan iko wani zaɓi - shi ne guda dizal Vaz sanye take da IHI injin turbin, tare da index of 3431. A injuna samu man fetur kayan aiki Bosch.

A daidai da wannan ci gaba da kewayon dizal gyare-gyare da misali model. Irin wannan injuna ana shirya da za a yi amfani da on utilitarian motocin. Saboda haka, 21045 da 21048 kekunan shanun shirya ya ba aspirated embodiments 341 da kuma 343, bi da bi. A cikin "Fields" 21215-50 da 21215-70 da za a shigar 1.8 lita ta halitta aspirated da turbocharged injuna, bi da bi, a kan Vaz-21315 - kawai 3431.

By 2000 Barnaul Shuka ƙware da samar da dizal injuna, data, da kuma ta hanyar matukin samarwa ya fara a kan shigarwa na dizal engine Vaz-2104 da kuma 2105. Wadannan motocin ake samar a kananan batches.

Duk da rashin tabuka, motor motoci kusata. Ga wani suna fadin yi fetur ikon naúrar karu a kuzarin kawo cikas shi ne ba musamman gagarumin na wadannan model, amma tattalin arzikin ya kara markedly. A daidai wannan lokaci da engine da wannan matsalar kamar yadda na farko 341 th dizal Vaz: saboda da low inji ƙarfi daga cikin fistan kungiyar shi ne ƙwarai, short-rayu. Engine rai ya 30-40 dubu. Km. Bayan kai da ake buƙata nisan miloli irin Gyara dizal Vaz, kunsha a sauyawa daga cikin Silinda tare da fistan kungiyar.

A tsawon lokaci, da yawa fasaha matsaloli da aka yi niyyar zartarwa, sakamakon ya karu engine karko. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2003, Vaz-21045 aka cire daga samarwa. Sauran 500 injuna Vaz-341 shigar a kan sedans, samu index 21055. Total samar game da 6,000 dizal motoci a kan shekaru 3.

Dalilan da gazawar

Mass samar da dizal motocin fasinja sun gaza kafa, domin dalilai da dama. Babban daga gare su - da unprofitability a saki wannan injuna saboda muhimmanci m zane. A injuna da wannan precombustion makirci kamar yadda na farko 341-th samfur, da kuma muhimmanci wanzuwa na zamani takwarorinsu na wasan kwaikwayon da kuma muhalli friendliness. Domin cimma m yi da shi ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar wani daban-daban engine zane. Independent cin dauke marasa amfani baki ɗaya, da kuma fasaha abokan domin wannan ba. Bugu da kari, da kayayyakin da ake sayar da Vaz, kuma ba tare da dizal.

aro injuna

Tun da babu dace fasinja taro dizal Vaz akai-akai aro mota gefen.

Saboda haka, a shekarar 1981, shi dauke da yiwuwar mayar da fetur engine Vaz-2121 a hannu na dizal shirayi.

Daga shekarar 1987 zuwa shekarar 1990, da manufacturer tare da Jamus da kaya Deutsche Lada ya ɓullo da wani shiri don ƙirƙirar wani fitarwa version na Niva da Volkswagen ikon naúrar. Duk da haka, kamfanin ya ki daidaita ta 1.9 lita engine to Niva dandali.

A 1993 da ya gudanar ya kafa hadin gwiwa a wannan hanya tare da Peugeot. Izini da Faransa da kaya Jean Yayin da manufacturer ya saba da 1.9L XUD-9L engine ga shigarwa a cikin Vaz-2121. inji manufacturer tsunduma a "Lada-Export". Akwai kullum tsĩrar "Niva", da kuma wani misali mota da aka maye gurbinsu da Faransa. Total samar game da 6,000 irin motocin a Faransa, Spain, Italiya da sauran kasashen Turai kasuwanni.

Haka kuma, a Italiya, "Martorelli" sanye take da "Niva" motor VM da FNM.

Duk da haka, tare da gabatarwar muhalli matsayin Yuro-2 kananan-sikelin samar da man "Neve" kammala.

A 1998, tare da Peugeot da kuma "Martorelli" Vaz kokarin kafa samar da "Fields" da mota Peugeot XUD-9SD. Duk da haka, aikin ma yana da da za a tsaya saboda da gabatarwar Yuro-3 nagartacce.

Bugu da kari, daga 1995 zuwa 1997, PSA TDU5 engine daga Peugeot 106 da Citroen Saxo da ɓangare na uku da aka makala da Fitted tare da asali hawa Samara ga Faransa kasuwar da Benelux kasashen.

Recent gwaje-gwajen

A shekara ta 2007, Chevrolet Niva a kan mutum bukatar "Theme Plus" kafa FNM mota.

A 2014, Lada 4x4 gudanar da wani gwaji tare da wani 1.3 lita 75 HP. wani. motor Fiat Multijet. A wannan yanayin, shi ya ba jituwa tare da watsa daga cikin karfin juyi iyakance ko da analog circuitry wayoyi domin CAN-bas.

Super cars bincika yiwuwar saitin zuwa "Lada" 4x4 1.5 lita dizal engine daga Renault Duster ta 2015. Bugu da kari, cikin gwaji mota da aka halitta da 100-horsepower 1.8 lita engine.

The zane na dizal injuna

Basic ikon naúrar jerin halitta da haɓaka na farko 341-th engine Vaz: dizal aka karu da 4 mm fistan bugun jini (84 mm). Tare da wannan adadin ya karu daga 1,45 zuwa 1,52 lita. Silinda shugaban sanya daga aluminum, da shiriya da bushing, bawul din wurin zama - da alloyed Cast baƙin ƙarfe abun da ake sakawa konewa bẽnãye - na superalloy. Gas rarraba inji aro daga Vaz-2108. Aiki Hanyar tako bawul surface elektropereplava. Crankshaft - daga 2103 tare da ƙara stiffness tolerances yada motsa. Karuwan rigidity daga cikin simintin tsarin 2103. Installed Lagwani kyandirori. Motor Starter sanye take damar 1.7 kW (1.9 a Vaz-21055). Wannan bukata high-iya aiki baturi (AA 60 ko 65 hours). Bugu da ƙari kuma, shigar Bosch famfon da wani injin famfo don ƙirƙirar injin a birki kara amfani.

Akwai deforsirovan gyara 3413 tsara don m tractors da lantarki drive. Daga cikin saba 341-th mota ne daban-daban da iyaka da iyakar gudu zuwa 3000 maimakon 4800.

1.8 lita injuna halitta ta kara Silinda diamita daga 76 zuwa 82 mm.

Akwai bambance-bambancen karatu turbocharged 1,45 lita engine 341 (3411) da kuma Vaz-343 (3431 tare da injin turbin IHI)

fasaha halaye

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, saboda rabu amfani zane Vaz-341 yana mai low yawan aiki kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da analogs daga waɗanda sau. Its iya aiki ne 54 lita. wani. a 4600 Rev / min, da karfin juyi - 92 nm a 2300 Rev / min. Wannan shi ne, ko da a kan na biyu nuna alama, shi ya ba da hanya ga fetur motor (103 nm a Vaz-21043). Mai high-karfin juyi a low gudu bayar da wasu graphics yi da kuma rage yawan kaya rabo.

Version 3413 derated zuwa 32 lita. wani. a 3000 Rev / min.

Babu shakka, mafi m 1.8 L dizal Vaz: bayani dalla-dalla sa 65 lita. wani. a 4600 Rev / min da 114 nm a 2500 Rev / min.

Turbocharged embodiment tasowa 80 l. wani. a 4600 Rev / min da 147 nm a 2500 r / min.

dizal motoci

Girkawa na dizal engine a kan Vaz-2104 aka za'ayi a cikin Department of tabbatarwa kuma gyara daga Vaz motoci. Pilot samar fara a 1998, sakewa da wani tsari na 50 inji tare da 341-m dizal (21045).

Daga baya suka fara gwada da na'ura tare da 343-th engine (21048) da kuma ta bita (hanya kokarin kara zuwa 150 dubu. Km). Yana da aka shirya ya kafa samarwa a shekarar 2005, amma ya kasa.

Vaz-21315 da aka shirya don saki a 2002, amma kuma ba a guje.

Features

Diesel wagon siffofi da wasu zane fasali daga fetur Vaz-2104. Diesel saboda mafi girma taro bukaci kafa karfafa gaban dakatar spring. Main biyu da aka maye gurbinsu da 4.1 to 3.9. Don rama domin ya karu amo daga dizal engine shigar a cikin engine daki ƙarin sauti rufi (don kare kaho da kuma cikin gidaje). Shaye bututu nade madauki domin kauce wa samu na dama fitilar toka. A gaban mota akwai da haske toshe dumama fitila da key na man fetur tace hita (a cikin wannan harka shi ne ba a kan fitilar).

reviews

Ba da da ewa bayan da 'yan jarida "da dabaran" dandana wagon Vaz dizal. Reviews nuna more kai-aiki engine a low revs. Saboda haka, ko da samun a karkashin hanya na iya zama wani 5th kaya, kuma da 30 km / h farawa m dirka. Lokacin da tuki da sauri, a akasin haka, dole ka kunna mafi sau da yawa fiye da fetur mota, saboda taqaitaccen babban biyu. Kamar wancan ne a wani hali da muhimmancin da dizal mota ne nisa a baya. Kawai a low gudu, wani kadan amfani.

Cikin hanzari zuwa 100 km / h fetur Vaz-2104 sauri 8. Bayan dizal inji baya zuwa iyakar gudun 13 km / h. Lokacin da accelerating daga wani bugun jini daga 20 zuwa 90 km / h kasa da rata (game 3 seconds). Bugu da kari, reviews na wallafe "Auto", a dizal ragae dauki ga gas feda.

Game da babban amo matakin, wanda mafi yawa ana halin da irin wannan engine, dizal Vaz muhimmanci da karfi a rago (6-8 DB (A)). Tare da kara juyin bambanci an rage zuwa 3.1 DB (A), sa'an nan ya shuɗe.

A gwajin da sakamakon da 'yan jarida samu a 10% bambanci a cikin talakawan man fetur amfani a gauraye yanayi. Duk da haka, da kudi da amfani na yin amfani da wani dizal engine da mota man fetur farashin a lokacin da gwajin da aka 36%. Reporters lasafta cewa babban $ 1,300 kudin na na'ura biya kashe for 180 dubu. Km.

Feedback daga fuskantar da Vaz-21048, shi ya juya fitar da yawa mafi daidaita kuma, godiya ga mafi high-karfin juyi, ba ka damar canzawa da yawa kasa.

Tare da wannan engine ne da ya nuna kansa "Niva", musamman kashe-hanya.

Vaz-3411 juya a kan mota da irin wannan a cikin halin 2121. Kamar yadda tare da fetur engine, shi ne mafi kyau bayyana kanta a high gudu. Lokacin shi ne a low gudun dirka ne ƙananan ko fiye da wadanda na Vaz-21213, da aka furta turbo fada.

yi

Saboda da mutum nauyi na engine daga cikin mota Vaz-21045 karu zuwa 1,06 m (40 kg idan aka kwatanta da 21043), total - har zuwa 1,515. Bisa ga manufacturer, cikin hanzari zuwa 100 km / h, a 23 sec (6 more), matsakaicin gudun - 125 km / h (kasa da 18 km / h). Fuel amfani da 5.2 lita a 90 km / hr, 7.5 lita a 120 km / h da kuma 6.2 l a wani birane yanayi (7, 9.9, 9.8 L a 21043, bi da bi).

The inji tare da 343-m motor kuzarin kawo cikas kusa da man fetur tashar wagon Vaz. 1.8 lita Diesel samar da hanzari zuwa 100 km / h for 19 seconds da kuma a kalla gudun 133 km / h.

Hanzari Vaz-21215-50 har zuwa 100 km / h, a 25 s, matsakaicin gudu ne 127 km / h da 19 da kuma 137 km / h da 21213.

Vaz-21215-70 ga muhimmancin hanzari ne daidai da man fetur "Field" da kuma lags a iyakar gudun 7 km / h.