Far Eastern Railway: Tarihin da halaye

Far Eastern Railway - babban fasinja da kuma sufurin kaya hanya zuwa mahaɗi a tsakiyar Rasha da yankunan dab da tekun Pacific. A halin yanzu, darajar wannan layin da wuya a overestimate. Fiye da karni na tarihi na Far Eastern Railway ne ban sha'awa ba kawai ga masu goyon baya, amma kuma ga duk wanda ya damu game da past na kasar mu.

ƙarshe

A ra'ayin na gina wani sabon layin dogo line akwai na dogon lokaci - kuma miƙa sun sadarwa, hampered da isar da kaya zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa na daular. A 1886, Gwamnan-Janar na Eastern Siberia da Amur yankin da aka sa a gaba da bada shawarwari ga gina karin Railway Lines daga Tomsk da Vladivostok to m ƙauyuka. By tsakiyar 1887 wannan tsari ya riga an tattauna a taron ministoci a yankin na kudancin Siberia aka aika zuwa aikin injiniya balaguro don su bincika yiwuwar aikin da nazari na lokaci ta aiwatar.

A majagaba da m

Far Eastern layukan dogo gare yawa to daya daga cikin farko na ta injiniyoyi. Sunan na farko magina na Far Eastern Railway ya bayyana dã muminai manta. Kuma shi ya Alexander Ivanovich Ursati da da girmama na farko wuce duk dogon hanya daga Comtal zuwa Vladivostok. Hanyoyi daban-daban wajen su hanya a kan hanya zuwa kananan kauyuka da kuma nomadic kurãme Parks, Railway m gina hanya da karatu da ƙasa a kan wanda za a gudanar Far Eastern Railway. Abin baƙin ciki, to date, babu wani daga cikin tashoshin na Railway layi ba suna a cikin girmamawa.

Aiwatar da aikin

Da farko, da shirya Railway layi da aka sani da Ussuri. Irin wannan suna ta lashe zaben da manyan Ussuri River, wanda gudana ta hanyar sararin ƙasa na Primorsky Krai - daga Khabarovsk zuwa Vladivostok. Dabam, biyu mãkirci aka shirya line: Arewa Ussuriiskaya reshe rabo rufe Art. Grafskaya zuwa Khabarovsk. A kudancin sashe da aka shirya ya kai daga wannan tashar zuwa Vladivostok. Bukukuwan kwanciya na farko dogo da aka gudanar a 1891 a Vladivostok, a gaban sarauta iyali da kuma mambobi ne na majalisar. Kafuwar dutse aka aza a kan Vladivostok tashar Tsarevich Nicholas - nan gaba Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II na Rasha.

A farko sassan

A 1892, Rasha ta fara shiryar da gina hanyar jirgin kasa. Shugaban da aikin da aka sanya OP Vyazemsky - wani gogaggen mai gini, wanda ya yi aiki ga shekara talatin a sassa daban-daban na kasar Rasha. A zaba a shafukan, karauka aikin da aka umurce su su kai digiri na St. Petersburg Cibiyar Railway Engineers. Domin da kai na zama dole kayan da aka aza karin datti hanyoyi, wanda daga baya ya zama da muhimmanci da zirga-zirga arteries da duk na Primorsky Abuja.

A farko matsala ba zato ba tsammani ya tashi da batun na yi ma'aikata. Yan unguwa sun ma kananan - ya unsa da kõre fursunoni da sojojin. By 1895 da yawan mutane hidima sentences for laifi kuma dalilai na siyasa, ya game 11 dubu. Man. Ga su, na dindindin sansanonin da aka kafa, kunsha na barikin, gine-gine domin kariya, baho, cin abinci da kuma kula hasumiyarki. Amma ga sojoji, suka hawa da teku dogon kudancin hanya daga Odessa fadin Atlantic da kuma tekun India. Iyo daukan watanni da dama, tare da bursts na wurare masu zafi da annoba. A tashar karshe ya Vladivostok.

Godiya ga sadaukarwa aikin soja, da fursunoni a cikin 1894 da aka sa a cikin aiki Yuzhno-Ussuri hanya reshe, amma kuma da arewacin hanya da aka kammala bayan shekaru uku. Far Eastern tashar jirgin abin da ya rufe da Amur yankin da kuma Far East, sun wanzu.

Railway tashoshin

Ussuriysk haihuwa hanya a cikin na asali version da 39 tashoshin. Daga cikin su - da tashar Ruzhino kafa ta baƙi daga Ukraine, Art. Manzovka (a halin yanzu Sibirtsevo), Art. Busse, mai suna a cikin girmamawa a Rasha jami'in da Explorer N. V. Busse Far East. Kada ka manta surveyors da ƙungiyoyin injiniyoyi: sunayen LM Rozengarda VS Ilovaisky, V. V. Gedike aka mai suna sassan daga Khabarovsk zuwa bikinis. Kuma yanzu Far Eastern Railway yana da 358 tashoshin aiki a kan daban-daban hanya sassan.

Tattalin arziki da kuma yanayin halaye na Far Eastern Railway

A halin yanzu, da Far Eastern Railway yana da kimanin 7470 km daga cikin jimlar tsawon daga cikin hanyoyin da su a ci gaba da aiki ne fiye da 6000 km. Geographically, wannan babbar hanya ya wuce ta biyar yankuna na Far East - Amur AD, Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta, a cikin Primorsky da Khabarovsk Territory, shi yana da rassan a Jamhuriyar Sakha. Its tasiri aka yada zuwa sauran yankuna na Far East. Kawai Far Eastern tasiri yanki ne fiye da 40% na yankunan na Rasha Federation.

Far Eastern Railroad kẽwayesu da Hani tashar Gabas Siberian Railway layi da kuma tashoshin kan hari da kuma Arkhara shiga zuwa Zabayskalskoy railway. Tare da dukan tsawon na ta hanyar kasu kashi hudu sassan, wanda aka ke kula da daban-daban sassan, sõyayya a karkashin laima na "Far Eastern Railway." Khabarovsk - Department NOD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3 da Tynda - NOD4. Bugu da kari, Far Eastern Railway conventionally kasu kashi biyu main yankunan - arewacin latitudinal da kuma babban hanya. Suna da alaka da wani kananan stretch na lura da rokadnymi: Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Lemun tsami-Urgal. Wannan ba ka damar haifar dabaru convoys a ko'ina cikin fili.

Far darajar reluwe

Baseline halaye na Far Eastern Railway ba dalili don la'akari da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan dabaru da kuma fasinja hanyoyi a cikin yankin. A cikin shekaru 2015 da hanyoyi na Far Eastern Railway an hawa fiye da 42 da dubu. Ton na kaya da kuma game da 5000 mutane sun amfana daga Far East sabis hanya kamar yadda fasinjoji. Tsatso na samar da sufuri na cikin gida da kuma na kasa da kasa muhimmancin - a cikin m aiki a Japan sha'awar 'yan kasuwa, Mongolia, Korea da kuma China, wanda sayar da kayayyakin a cikin kasar. kaya management ne da za'ayi daga rai guda iko cibiyar dake a birnin Khabarovsk.

Far East Railway jijiya rightfully bautar wani abu wuri a cikin ranking na sufuri na fitar dashi da kuma shigo da kayayyaki, wanda asusu na game da wani uku na jimlar sufurin kaya zirga-zirga a cikin Rasha Federation da kuma fiye da kwata na Santa na shigo da kayayyakin da sauran kasashe. Godiya ga streamlined dabaru DVZhD Office ruwaito cewa a shekara ta 2016 da Far Eastern hanyoyi gwadabe da aka shirya su safarar fiye da 116 ton miliyan na kaya a cikin adireshin da Pacific Ocean mashigai. M trends a cikin ci gaban da cinikayya tare da m makwabta iya amincewa hango ko hasashen wani gagarumin karuwa a dogo kai a cikin sosai kusa da nan gaba.

management

Kamar yadda na 2015 da yawan ma'aikata na Far Eastern Railway ya kan 40 dubu. Mutane aiki a cikin sabis na wannan babbar hanya. Wannan hanya ba gida mutane jobs da kuma amincewa a nan gaba.

Management na Far Eastern Railway ne kai tsaye ƙarƙashin JSC "Rasha layukan dogo" kuma shi ne mai tsarin reshe. Cif na Far Eastern Railway daukan Maklygin 2015 N. karkashin ya jagoranci suna dukan aiki yankunan, wanda aiki da Far Eastern Railway. Address ofishin DVZhD - Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Abuja. Daban-daban yankin iko da su management.

tsaro Software

A cewar shugaban na Khabarovsk Far Eastern management, lafiya aiki da kuma rigakafin hanyoyi na Far Eastern Railway ne wani fifiko. A shekarar 2015, a kan hanyar sadarwa na Far East rijista 18 gaggawa, a cikin abin da mutane uku suka mutu. All hatsarori sun laifi na direbobi ke aiki a mota da kuma keta zirga-zirga dokoki.

A wuri tsaro hari site aka zaba hanya ta cikin Nogliki-Korsakov. Domin jawo hankali ga sakamakon da ba yarda da dokoki na Railway zirga-zirga aminci sa a kama hankali wuri 'yan motoci, karya a cikin hatsari. Kamar wancan Railway ma'aikatan sun yi kokarin tunatar da masu motoci da kasada da bi da direba a mararraba na waƙoƙi. Bayan da ma'aikata halarci mataki na zirga-zirga da 'yan sanda da kuma wakilan da Municipal Unitary ciniki "sufuri kamfanin".