YaMZ-238: fasaha halaye. Diesel injuna domin nauyi motocin

Diesel injuna a duniya a yau suna shigar a kan manyan motoci, tractors, farm motocin da tractors. Domestic takwarorinsu m waje Motors ne YaMZ-238. An shigar a kan wani da aka sani dabara kamar Maz, KRAZ, KAMAZ, Zil, DON, K-700 da kuma sauran motocin. Hakika, da engine asali nufin domin samar da Minsk Automobile Shuka. Amma a kan lokaci, na tabbatar da cewa YaMZ-238 engine wanda bayani dalla-dalla ne high, shi ne mafi kyau dizal engine na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma post-Soviet sarari, da kuma iya gasa da sanannun brands kamar MAN da DAF.

Overview

YaMZ 238 sauya m YAAZ-Motors 204 da 206. YAAZ aka ci gaba a cikin 50s almara Soviet zanen Chernyshev GD, wanda kuma ya kasance marubucin YaMZ-236.

Wannan engine samu da shahararsa saboda su AMINCI da karfinsu da yawa motoci da tractors. Tana da shekaru 65 tun da aka kafa ta farko mota, da kuma shahararsa ta wadannan injuna ya kawai girma. Easy ta yi aiki, gyara da kiyaye sanya YaMZ 238 makawa kayan aiki da yawa a cikin aikin noma, da gina kamfanonin, da suka yi amfani da motoci a cikin wannan mota.

Hakika, shekaru da yawa na ci gaba da bullo da sabuwar fasahar, wannan engine ya samu mai yawa gyare-gyare, amma da ainihin tsarin bai canza ba, kawai gyare-gyare da aka sanya da sauran zane.

fasaha halaye

La'akari da YaMZ-238 bayani dalla-dalla mota.

A engine yana da wani V sanyi na cylinders 8 wanda aka shirya a 2 layuka. Bawuloli 16 da kuma samar da manufa saki allura. Kamar yadda da 236-m, da fistan bugun jini ne 140 mm, a Silinda diamita na 130 mm. Liquid YaMZ engine sanyaya tsarin 238 na samar da matsakaicin sakamako da kuma ba overheat da mota.

The aiki girma na 14,866 lita da ikon bisa ga canji iya zama 235-420 horsepower. YaMZ-238, wanda fasaha halaye ba da damar a wasu lokuta zuwa ga ci gaba da damar zuwa 500 horsepower, an kafa ba kawai bayar da shawarar, amma kuma ga motoci da sauran zane data. Har ila yau, a kan sabon versions amfani turbocharging, bada karin amincewa da gogayya a lokacin aiki.

na'urar

Famfo YaMZ-238 - wani famfon, wanda za a iya kira wani man fetur tashar. An located in auka daga cikin ikon naúra da kuma SUPPLiES man fetur zuwa kowane Silinda akayi daban-daban, da kuma allura da aka yi nan da nan.

A cikin engine shugaban block aka kafa biyu, wanda aka sanya na Cast baƙin ƙarfe. Camshaft karfe ne kerarre da stamping fasaha. Babban ikon naúra tana sanya na Cast baƙin ƙarfe, da kuma crankshaft aka sanya na taurare workpiece vytachivaniya Hanyar.

A allura tsarin da aka gina don haka da cewa matsa YaMZ tsotso 238 kai man fetur zuwa injectors cewa yin allura. Fuel allura kayan aiki a kan wannan engine ne daya daga cikin mafi kyawun a duniya. Rubuta tsarin plunger, shi yana da centrifugal kama, wanda kanta ne kayyade.

Reflux pistons auku daga high-ƙarfi aluminum, wadda ke bayar da ba karayar karkashin nauyi braking. Kowace daga cikinsu yana daya scraper zobe da uku matsawa.

YaMZ-238 bayani dalla-dalla da kuma zane wanda shi ne abin dogara da kuma sauki, yana da wani sabis rai na 800 da dubu. Km, kuma tare da kula dace za a iya cimma 1 da miliyan kilomita.

Girkawar a kan wasu motoci

YaMZ 238 wanda bayani dalla-dalla ne high, za a iya shigar a kan wasu motoci. Saboda haka, gyare-gyare da hõre manyan motoci, yi da kuma kayan aikin noma. Alal misali, tare da YaMZ KAMAZ-238 ya nuna sosai, ta haka ne rage man fetur amfani, sabanin da asali Kama mota.

Hakika, a kan da yawa motoci da muka yi Redo da fastening abubuwa na da ikon naúrar, saita wasu watsa, amma shi ne wajaba a cikin shakka daga goyon baya da kuma gyara.

gyare-gyare

Engine gyara YaMZ 238 ne aka gudanar isasshe sauki idan ba shi da gwani a cikin art. Babban matsalar ne search for kayayyakin gyara, amma da yawa masana'antun bayar da damar da za su zabi daga m kewayon. Tare da farko na da rikicin ya kara farashin siyasa, amma kasa da injuna na waje yi.

La'akari, ga abin da kayayyakin gyara an canza mafi sau da yawa a lokacin da yin manyan gyare-gyare, wanda shigarsu YaMZ-238. Bayani dalla-dalla a wannan yanayin, ya yi yawa, wasa mai da muhimmanci sosai rawa, tun da akwai da dama da al'ummomi daga cikin mota, sabili da haka akwai wasu sãɓã wa jũnamai. Saboda haka, za mu jera kayayyakin gyara jerin:

1. Mai like crankshaft da camshaft.
2. Qazanta ga / shaft.
3. Gilzokomplekty (plunger yatsa hannun riga, zobe).
4. a haɗa sanda bushings.
5. Bawuloli shaye da kuma mashiga ruwa.
6. Bawul wuraren zama.
7. Guide bushings.
8. Mai like bawuloli.
9. Abun da ake sakawa 'yan asalin kuma a haɗa sanda.
10. Matatu.
11. Man fetur.
12. GASKET.
13. Da sauran kananan sassa.

Lokacin gyare-gyare yawanci Silinda block da crankshaft ne batun a karkashin maimaitawa huda masu girma dabam, da kuma Silinda kai ne ƙasa jirgin sama. The talakawan kudin manyan gyare-gyare YaMZ-238 ne game da 80000-100000 rubles, dangane da yankin da kuma zabi kayayyakin gyara. Yana mai rahusa fiye da sayen wani sabon engine.

sabis

Ku bauta wa YaMZ-238 (wanda bayani dalla-dalla da high sakamakon) quite sauki. Saboda haka, na yau da kullum maye man fetur da kuma tace ba za ta kawai samar da cikakken rai, amma a wasu lokuta, wuce shi. Ka yi la'akari da abin da bukatar a canza a yau da kullum mot:

• The man fetur a cikin juz'i na 25 lita. Wannan nawa aka zuba a cikin engine. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan manufa dizal lubricating ruwa kamar M10G2K da M10DM.
• Mai tace. Dangane da zane da kuma gyare-gyare da shi na iya zama daban-daban masu girma dabam da kuma iri.
• Fuel tace cewa maye gurbin dole ne, saboda ingancin m man fetur matalauta.
• Gyara kaya m da lafiya man fetur tsarkakewa.

A wasu lokuta, mai karatu na injectors da babban matsin lamba famfon.