Features MFIs

Yana da wuya a overestimate muhimmancin bashi a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Loans taimaka Enterprises zuwa da sauri yi nasu samarwa (ta hanyar kasuwanci aro), su tãyar da ƙarin kudi ga zamani na gyarawa dukiya, da dai sauransu. A daya hannun, da rance damar masu amfani da sayen mafi tsada m kaya, "patching ramuka" a wuya kudi yanayi da sauransu. A takaice, bashi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin kasuwar tattalin arzikin.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, yadu amfani da abin da ake kira Microfinance cibiyoyin. Sau da yawa sosai mu iya ganin mu'ujizan a titunan kungiyoyi da hannu a aiwatar da gajere kananan rance. Domin ayyana rawa da muhimmancin MFIs a cikin tattalin arzikin wajibi ne don bincika babban fasali na aikinsu, doka tsari, kazalika da farashin da bashi sharuddan.

A daidai da arziki na Tarayya Law of Yuli 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "A Microfinance da Microfinance kungiyoyin" karkashin Microfinance kungiyar da aka tsare a matsayin "mai shari'a mahaluži rajista a cikin wani nau'i na asusu, wani m kungiyar agaji cibiyoyin (sai dai kasafin kudin cibiyoyin) wadanda ba kasuwanci cinikayya, tattalin arziki da wani kamfanin ko cinikayya dauke da fitar Microfinance ayyuka da kuma shiga a jihar Register na Microfinance kungiyoyi a hanya bayar da dokar. "

Don gane da definition of Microfinance kungiyar kamata ayyana manufar Microfinance ayyukan. Sootvetstsvuyuschego na dokar da ayyuka na Microfinance cibiyoyin iya zana karshe:

• Microfinance aiki - wani aiki da nufin samar da 'yan kasa, mutum da' yan kasuwa da kuma bashin kungiyoyin karkashin dacewa yarjejeniyar.
• rance ga Microfinance cibiyoyin kada wuce miliyan 1 rubles.
• lokaci rance, yawanci kasa da shekara guda (52 makonni).

A musamman rarraba Microfinance cibiyoyin samu bayan da tallafi na dokar "A Microfinance da Microfinance kungiyoyin", wanda ya bada maanar Microfinance ayyukan, tabbatar da tsari na ayyukan da babban fasali na iko a kan ayyukan. Alal misali, doka ta tanadi ga gwaji hani a kan ayyukan Microfinance kungiyoyin, ma'anar da 'yancin da wajibai.

A fili yake cewa Microfinance (rance a cikin adadin ba fiye da miliyan daya) shi ne tushen Microfinance cibiyoyin. Shi ne saboda al'amuranda rance ga MFI na'am da girma da ta riba.

Duk da haka, da dokar mai tsanani ƙuntatãwa wasu ayyuka da suka shafi samar da rance. Alal misali, akwai mai tsanani hani a kan samuwar kamfanin babban birnin kasar. A dokar baro-baro haramta jawo hankalin kudi na mutane da suka yi ba su kafa kamfanin (tare da banda mutane bayar da wajen kungiyar a kan tushen da rance da yarjejeniyar a cikin adadin miliyan 1.5 rubles, ko fiye da daya, rance yarjejeniya da daya mai ba da bashi [1]). Wannan ne, a gaskiya, Microfinance cibiyoyin, sabanin bankuna, ba a yarda ya jawo hankalin adibas.

Wani babu kasa tsanani ƙuntatawa ne mai ban a sana'a aiki a Securities kasuwar. Saboda haka, Microfinance kungiyoyin iya amfani da aro da nasu kudi don sana'a zuba jari a hannun jari, shaidu, da dai sauransu.

A wasu kalmomin, da MFI aiki ne ganin credits a cikin tsarin na kudi tãyar ga cikin wadanda suka kafa da kuma babban birnin kasar masu ba da bashi. Da sauƙi, Microfinance kungiyoyin ba zai iya samar da irin wannan tsanani adadin rance babban birnin kasar kamar yadda bankuna.

Ka'idar aiki na Microfinance cibiyoyin ne kamar haka: MFIs bayar da kananan adadin na wani dan gajeren lokaci a wata sosai high kudi na riba.

A ganina, Microfinance - zamani nau'i na halatta riba. Saboda haka, a yi aron rates iya zama tsakanin 9-10% da watan har zuwa 4% a kowace mako (100-200% annum). Don kwatanta, a cikin Savings Bank rance a cikin adadin 50,000 rubles. na tsawon shekara guda ba tare da tabbatarwa za kudin game da 16,5% a kowace shekara. A "UralSib" banki bashi ga irin wannan yanayi zai tashi kamar 23% [2]

Zai ze cewa babu m tattalin arziki wakili ba yarda to irin wannan ruinous bashi yanayi. Duk da haka, domin a samu wani banki rance ne dole don samar da wani kunshin takardun da sha wani tsanani gwajin. Alal misali, wasu bankuna a Bugu da kari ga fasfo dole ne sallama da wani albashi sanarwa da sauran takardu. Dace banki sabis binciki da amincin takardun, bashi tarihi na bãshin, kimanta bashi default kasada. Kuma ba kowa da kowa wanda yake so ya samu a matsayin aro wannan rajistan shiga wuce (wani kasa size na aikin hukuma albashi, wani bai yi biyayya takardun da ake bukata, wasu matsaloli tare da bashi tarihi, da dai sauransu). Duk wanda ya kasa da gwajin banki, yana neman kamfanonin da cewa al'amuranda rance mafi m yanayi. Wannan abokin ciniki yawanci tana nufin Microfinance makaman.

Microfinance cibiyoyin ba sa tsanani bukatun ga bashi. Alal misali, mutane da yawa kungiyoyi domin bayar da rance da bukatar kawai a fasfo da kuma daukar wannan mataki don baiwa da rance a cikin 'yan sa'o'i. Bugu da kari, akwai kamfanonin samu micro-rance cewa ba ma bukatar ziyarci ofishin - aikace-aikace na rance, da kuma yanke shawara a kan extradition an sanya dama a gida.

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, MFIs aiki a cikin kashi tare da wani sosai high hadarin na tsoho. Domin rama wa kasada da kuma tabbatar da samun riba, Microfinance cibiyoyin kafa wani whopping amfani rates. A dabaru nan mai sauki ce: idan biyu abokan ciniki (uku, hudu, da dai sauransu, dangane da halin da ake ciki da kuma microloans kasuwar kashi) a kalla daya cika da bashi da amfani, kwamitocin, tsoho amfani da bugun fanareti, kamfanin zai samar da kudin shiga ga masu . Duk da haka, da sha'awa kudi a kan microloans ya gabatar da wani gaske yankunan.

Bugu da ƙari, cikin cibiyar sadarwa iya samun mai yawa na korau feedback a kan MFI aiki a kasar. A musamman, abokan ciniki koka game da rudeness da boorishness manajoji uncivilized hanyoyin da tarin basusuka daga bashi, kazalika da yin amfani da daban-daban wadanda ba m makircinsu ban sha'awa, biya bashi da sauransu.

A fili yake cewa mikrofinansiroanie kamar yadda irin wannan (kananan rance ga gajeren lokaci a high amfani rates), akwai a cikin kasar ba a ranar farko. Duk da haka, kawai tare da tallafi na Attaura "A Microfinance da Microfinance kungiyoyin" Microfinance cibiyoyin fara fito fili daga cikin wasu inuwõyi su matsa zuwa wani doka aiki. Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin hanyoyin da aiki (ciki har da laifi) ya zauna a cikin arsenal na Microfinance cibiyoyin. Amma shi ne wata ila cewa matsalar na ci gaba da kuma ci gaban MFIs a matsayin halattaciyar kudi ma'aikata na Rasha tattalin arzikin.

A matsayin kasuwanci kamfani, da Microfinance aiki ne mai tartsatsi ne. A mafi ban sha'awa rates yi Microfinance wani sosai riba kasuwanci, duk da dukan kasada hade da shi. In ba haka ba dã ba mu yi gani irin wannan karfi da girma a cikin yawan Microfinance cibiyoyin, wanda za a iya lura da ido tsirara.

References:

1. Tarayya Law of Yuli 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "A Microfinance da Microfinance cibiyoyin.