Glial Kwayoyin. Ayyuka da kuma siffofin da glial Kwayoyin

A juyayi tsarin kunshi ba kawai na neurons kuma su tafiyar matakai. 40% da aka wakilta glial Kwayoyin, wanda taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar ta. Su zahiri iyakance kwakwalwa da kuma juyayi tsarin daga sauran jiki ruwaye da kuma tabbatar da m aiki, da yake da muhimmanci ga mutane da sauran dabbobi da tsakiya m tsarin. Kuma glial Kwayoyin suna iya raba abin da ke sa su daban-daban daga neurons.

A janar ra'ayi na glia

Saita na glial Kwayoyin kira glia. Wannan musamman cell alƙarya, wanda suke a cikin tsakiyar m tsarin da periphery. Sun goyi bayan kwakwalwa da kuma laka form, kazalika da samar da shi tare da gina jiki. An sani cewa a tsakiya m tsarin saboda gaban da jini kwakwalwa shãmaki, da rigakafi da martani. Duk da haka, a lamba tare da wani waje antigen a kwakwalwa ko laka, kazalika a cikin cerebrospinal ruwa glial Kwayoyin, rage macrophage analogue na gefe kyallen takarda, phagocytose shi. Haka kuma, shi ne rabuwa daga gefe kyallen takarda na kwakwalwa na samar da neuroglia.

Rigakafi da kariya na kwakwalwa

Kwakwalwa, wanda daukan mai yawa biochemical halayen, kuma ta haka ne samar da wani taro na immunogenic abubuwa, dole ne a kiyaye da humoral rigakafi. Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa neuronal nama na kwakwalwa ne sosai m lalacewa, bayan da neurons ake mayar kawai partially. Saboda haka, bayyanar sarari a tsakiyar juyayi tsarin, wanda zai dauki bakuncin gida rigakafi amsa, kuma za su sa da mutuwar wasu daga cikin kewaye Kwayoyin ko neurons demyelination tafiyar matakai.

A kan periphery na jiki lalace somatic Kwayoyin zã a cika da sabuwar kafa. Kuma a cikin kwakwalwa don mayar da bata aiki na wani neuron ne ba zai yiwu ba. Kuma shi ya takaita neuroglia kwakwalwa daga lamba tare da rigakafi da tsarin, ga abin da tsakiya m tsarin - wata babbar lamba na kasashen waje antigens.

Nau'in glial Kwayoyin

Glial Kwayoyin suna kasu iri biyu, dangane da ilimin halittar jiki da kuma asali. Microglial Kwayoyin ɓoyewa da macroglia. A farko da irin Kwayoyin fãra daga mesodermal takardar. Wannan kananan Kwayoyin da yawa matakai m phagocytose daskararru. Macroglia - wani wanda aka samu daga cikin ectoderm. Glial Kwayoyin macroglia kasu kashi da dama iri dangane da ilimin halittar jiki. Ware ependymal da astrocytic Kwayoyin da oligodendrocytes. Wadannan iri cell alƙarya an kuma zuwa kashi da dama iri.

Ependymal glia

Ependymal glia Kwayoyin suna samu a cikin takamaiman wurare na tsakiya m tsarin. Su samar da endothelial rufi na ventricles na kwakwalwa da kuma kashin baya tsakiyar canal. Ta samo asali ne embryogenesis suka dauki daga ectoderm, sabili da haka wakiltar musamman irin neuroepithelium. Shi ne Multi-mai lebur, kuma ya aikata wani yawan ayyuka:

• reference: shi ne wani inji frame ventricles, wanda kuma goyan bayan da hydrostatic matsa lamba na da cerebrospinal ruwa.
• secretory ance sayar da giya a wasu sinadarai.
• rarraban: raba kwakwalwa nama daga CSF.

iri ependimotsitov

Daga cikin ependimotsitov na da ra'ayoyi. Yana ependimotsity 1st da 2nd domin da tanitsity. A farko farko form (muhimmi) membrane ependymal Layer da na biyu Layer ependimotsity ƙarya sama su. Yana da muhimmanci cewa ependymal glia 1st domin da hannu a cikin samuwar gematoglificheskogo shamaki (tsakanin jini da ciki yanayi na ventricles). Ependimotsity 2nd domin sun villi daidaitacce a cikin shugabanci na yanzu CSF. Har ila yau, akwai tanitsity wanda sune tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin.

Suna located a kaikaice sassa na kasa na uku ventricle. Samun microvilli a kan apical gefe da kuma daya a kan muhimmi tsari, za su iya aika da bayanai a kan abun da ke ciki na neurons na CSF ruwa. Kamar wancan kanta sayar da giya ta hanyar yawa kananan tsaguwa takware ependimotsitami tsakanin 1st da 2nd domin zai iya fada kai tsaye zuwa neurons. Wannan ya nuna cewa ependyma ne na musamman irin epithelium. A aikin amma ba morphological analogue zuwa periphery na jiki - da endothelium na jini.

oligodendrocytes

Oligodendrocytes - ne iri glial Kwayoyin cewa kewaye neurons da kuma matakai. An same su a cikin tsakiya m tsarin, kazalika da kusa da na gefe da kuma autonomic jijiyoyi gauraye. Sami oligodendrocytes polygonal Kwayoyin suna sanye take da 1-5 rassan. Su suka raga tare da juna, isolating neurons daga ciki yanayi da kuma samar da yanayi na jijiya madugu da kuma bugun jini tsara. Akwai iri uku oligodendrocytes, abin da ya bambanta a ilimin halittar jiki:

• tsakiyar cell located a kusa da cell jiki cerebral.
• Zauna keji da suke kewaye da jikin neuron a gefe ganglia.
• Schwann Kwayoyin rufe da neuronal outgrowth da kuma siffarta, da myelin daina kai hare hare.

Oligodendrotsitarnye glial Kwayoyin samu a kwakwalwa da kuma laka, da kuma na gefe jijiyoyi. Haka kuma, shi ba a san abin da shi ne daban-daban daga cikin zauna cell cibiyar. Ganin cewa a kayyade kayan a duk Kwayoyin na jiki, fãce jima'i, wannan, shi ne iya cewa oligodendrocytes iya yi yardatayya da maye gurbin juna. oligodendrocyte aiki kamar haka:

• support.
• rufi;
• kadaici.
• trophic.

astrocytes

Astrocytes - a glial kwakwalwa Kwayoyin cewa yin up kwakwalwa abu. Su star-dimbin yawa da yake a cikin kananan size, ko da yake su ne fiye da microglial Kwayoyin. A wannan yanayin akwai iri biyu ne kawai na astrocytes: fibrous da protoplasmic. A farko da irin Kwayoyin dake a cikin fari da launin toka al'amari na kwakwalwa, ko da yake suna da yawa fiye da fararen.

Wannan yana nufin cewa su ne mafi kowa a cikin yankunan inda akwai wani gagarumin yawan myelinated neuronal tafiyar matakai. Protoplasmic astrocytes - shi ma glial Kwayoyin: samu a fari da launin toka al'amari na kwakwalwa, amma akwai da yawa more a launin toka. Wannan yana nufin cewa su aiki ne don samar da wani goyon baya ga jikin na neurons da kuma tsarin kungiyar na jini-kwakwalwa shãmaki.

microglia

Microglial Kwayoyin - wannan shi ne na karshe da irin glia. Duk da haka, a bambanci ga duk sauran Kwayoyin na tsakiya m tsarin, suna da mesodermal asalin da kuma wakiltar musamman iri monocytes. Su precursors ne kara jini Kwayoyin. Saboda tsarin fasali na neurons kuma su tafiyar matakai na rigakafi da martani a tsakiya m tsarin ne alhakin kawai glial Kwayoyin. Kuma su ayyuka ne ma kamar irin waɗanda na nama macrophages. Su suke da alhakin phagocytosis kuma antigen gabatar da fitarwa.

Microglia ƙunshi musamman iri glial Kwayoyin cewa suna da wani tari na bambantawa rabe, wanda ya tabbatar da bargo asalin da kuma aiwatar da rigakafi da ayyuka a cikin CNS. Su ma alhakin ci gaban demyelinating cututtuka, Alzheimer ta cutar da Parkinson ta ciwo. Duk da haka, tantanin halitta da kanta - dai kawai wani hanya na ganin na pathological tsari. Saboda, mai yiwuwa, a lokacin da za su iya samun ginshikai na kunnawa da microglia, an suppressed matakai na wadannan cututtuka.