Grengamskoe yaƙi: sojan ruwa yaki, abin da ya faru ranar 27 Yuli, 1720 a cikin Baltic Sea

Grengamskoe yaƙin ya daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci teku fadace-fadace na farkon na XVIII karni. Wannan sojan ruwa yaƙi karshe cemented wani suna a matsayin matasa Rasha Empire matsayin Maritime iko. Da muhimmancin ta'allaka ne da cewa yakin Grengam kawo Rasha rundunar muhimmanci nasara, wanda aka samu a cikin mafi mawuyacin halin. Sweden iya samun taimake Birtaniya - Queen of tekuna, da kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, a hanyar fita daga Rasha jiragen ruwa zuwa tekun na arewacin Turai za a iya barazana. Battle rundujar soja masu dawaki na Birtaniya jiragen ruwa da aka located in da Baltic Sea , kuma ya shirye don hadin gwiwa horar da sailing jiragen ruwa na Swedish mulkin. A daidai wurin, da zama dole ayyuka da kuma kawo nasara ga Rasha nasara, wanda ya alfahari da kansa, Peter 1st.

Makaranta daga tarihi ana yin tambayoyi game da abin da shekara da aka Grengamskoe yaƙi, wanda aka yi tsayayya da zuwa Rasha, da nasara da aka lashe a can a wannan yaki. A wadannan da sauran tambayoyi da muke kokarin amsa daki-daki.

Fage fadace-fadace

Grengamskogo shekara yaƙi alama ta m nasarar da matasa Rasha Empire a Shipbuilding da Maritime kewayawa. Rasha da sauri koya kuma classic dabaru yakin sailing jiragen ruwa, da kuma basira samu da fashi. Wadannan nasarori ba su iya ta da manyan Maritime iko. Bukatar yin amfani da wani takamaiman mataki ya zama na fili bayan Gangutskaya yaƙi a cikinsa Rasha jiragen ruwa ya ci Swedish soja detachment. The sojojin na Ingila da Sweden da aka kafa a soja alliance, wanda babban makasudin shi ne domin ci gaba da Rasha na sojan ruwa da sojojin da kuma su hana mamayar da Rasha jiragen ruwa a cikin Baltic Sea. Domin ya nuna ta tsaro kungiyar hada Anglo-Swedish rundujar soja masu dawaki shiga Baltic Sea ya zama kusa da Ravel.

Irin wannan horar da ba su tilasta nemi hanyoyin da za a Rasha tsar sulhu tare da m abokan gaba, da kuma rundujar soja masu dawaki mayar da su cikin ruwa Sweden. Lokacin da Rasha sarki koya daga wannan mãsu bãyar da bãya, ya yi umarni da canja wurin da jiragen ruwa na Rasha jiragen ruwa daga Azerbaiyán zuwa Helsingfors. Game da flagships aka tarwatsa da dama jiragen tsara don sintiri na kasa da kasa ruwaye. Ba da da ewa daya daga cikin jiragen gudu aground, kuma ta ƙungiya aka kama da Swedish matuƙan. Bitrus ya gaya game da asarar cikin jirgi, ya yi umurni da jiragen ruwa zuwa komawa zuwa haihuwa wuri-tushen - zuwa tekun na Aland Islands.

bincike

26 Yuli 1720 61 galleries da 29 submarines na Rasha Navy fara kusanci Aland Islands. Ya umarta a flotilla Janar MM Golitsyn, a confidant Bitrus 1st. A sahun gaba na rundunar motoci sun kananan jiragen, tsara don m ayyukan. Godiya ga wannan tanadi Golitsyn gano cewa tsakanin tsibiran da Fritsberg lemland shi jira Swedish rundujar soja masu dawaki.

Magabcinku

Yaren mutanen Sweden warships umarta ta da wani gogaggen sojan ruwa kwamandan, Admiral K. Shobland. Ya rundujar soja masu dawaki kunshi hudu frigates, daya jirgin ruwa na soja, tara karami jirgin ruwa da kuma jiragen, da kuma fiye da dubu ma'aikata.

A cikin sharuddan hadari iskõki da m taguwar ruwa na teku yaƙi da za a dage. A Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki ya kafa ta gani a game. Grengam shirya da kansa matsayi a cikin game da yaƙi. Haka abin ya fara Grengamskoe yaƙi.

1720 domin Rasha rundunar nufi gogaggen kwamandojin, karfi da jiragen ruwa riga data kasance kwarewa na nasarori a sojan ruwa fadace-fadace. Saboda haka, a lokacin da flagship da makiya tafi zuwa ga rendezvous, ya kuma bashi cancantar rebuff.

Yaren mutanen Sweden Navy Admiral K. Shobland da a kan jirgin ya jirgin ruwa 156 fama da bindigogi, don haka ba sosai kokarin boye daga guda Shots Rasha bindigogi. Shin kusa isa, da Sweden jirgin ya zama darasi bombard Rasha jiragen ruwa daga dukkan samuwa kayan aikin.

Shirya don su yi yaƙi

Bayan nazari da hankali, Janar Golitsyn da aka shirya a manyan sikelin-sojan ruwa yaƙi. Ya yanke shawarar zuwa wani kananan plosu Granhatm (Grengam). A wannan lokaci, da samuwa matukin Charts, mafi kunkuntar straits da sararin Shoals da aka samu. A cikin hali na aiki tashin da aka yi barazanar kawancen na Rasha jiragen ruwa na rundujar soja masu dawaki na Swedish sojojin. Golitsyn bayar zabin da ya fi karfinsu sakamako na yaƙi, da tabbatar da janyewar Rasha jiragen ruwa zuwa ga tsohon mukamai a mashigar Flisosund. Tabbatar da janyewar Rasha jirãge, Janar Golitsyn ba da umurni ga fara Grengamskoe yaƙi.

komowar ruwa na yaki

27 Yuli, 1720 Yaren mutanen Sweden rundujar soja masu dawaki, ta amfani da iska, ya fara motsawa zuwa ga matsatsiyar, inda jiragen ruwa na Rasha jiragen ruwa da aka mayar da hankali.

Golitsyn ba da umurni koma baya sannu a hankali, luring da Swedes a cikin shirye tarko. Lokacin da hudu frigates na Swedish rundunar motoci, karkashin jagorancin flagship shiga Flisosunsky mashigar Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki lashe ta gabata matsayi, tarewa da Swedes daga cikin tarko. Hur kwale jiragen farmaki da Rasha rundunar makiya jiragen ruwa daga dukkan bangarorin. Ƙoƙarin samun daga takardar hari, da Sweden kotu fara bayyana, amma stranded. Saboda haka, su ne ma fi wuya halin da ake ciki na da sauran jiragen ruwa - nauyi frigates katange daga cikin tarkon da kuma sanya shi wuya ga rawar daji da sauran Swedish jiragen ruwa. Fara hawan m yaƙi dade fiye da hudu, kuma wanda aka kamala a cikin smashing nasarar da Rasha jiragen ruwa. Rasha matuƙan gudanar ya kama hudu Swedish frigates, sauran tasoshin gangarawa ta flagship da nauyi asarar da gudanar ya tsere daga tarko.

fama da asarar

Grengamskoe yaƙi sanadiyar rayukan 82 Rasha matuƙan, 203 mutane sun ji rauni. makiya gefen rasa 103 aka kashe da kuma 407 suka jikkata. Rasha kotu samu babba lalacewa, da kyau, da Swedes rasa hudu na jirgin ruwa mai filafilai har abada.

Sakamako na yaƙi

Duk da gagarumin hasarori, Grengamskoe yaƙi shafi balance mulki a cikin tekuna, a duniya. Tabbatacce rabo na Rasha kwale rundunar sailboats Sweden ya zama hujja bayyananniya daga sojan ruwa art Rasha admirals. Yaren mutanen Sweden sojojin ruwa sha wahala babba hasarori da kuma tsanani shige su matsayi a cikin Baltic da kuma ta Arewa Tekuna. Wannan yaki ya ƙarfafa girma na Rasha a Turai manufofin wajen Rasha da aka bi da matsayin tsanani player a duniya mataki. A sakamakon yakin tura Birtaniya da kawayenta a kammala tare da Rasha da yarjejeniyar da Nystad.

A tunawa da yaƙin

Domin Soja yabo 1st Peter umurni da buga wani musamman samu lambar, aka yi nufi ga dukkan mahalarta a cikin tẽku yaƙi. A obverse samu lambar qawata profile na Bitrus 1st, a kan Reverse yana da rubutu "himma da amincinsa. Ya wuce da yawa. "

A wadannan aka lura: 27 Yuli, 1720 - ranar da yaƙi ya faru Grengamskoe. A ranar wannan teku yaki ne sananne soja masana tarihi nazarin nasarori da kuma kashi na Rasha jiragen ruwa. A general Golitsyn ya samu daga Rasha sarki ta takobi, "Ga mai kyau tawagar," ado da wani rubutu.

Church. Panteleimon

Mai kyau rabo a kan tsanani abokin gaba da aka alama ta fi dace hanya. Haka kawai, biyu gagarumin nasarar da Rasha jiragen ruwa a Grengamskom da Gangut fadace-fadace da aka lashe a shekaru daban-daban, amma suka yi daidai da kwanan wata - 27 Yuli. Wannan rana a cikin Orthodox Church sadaukar da memory na St. Panteleimon. Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar gina a St. Petersburg, a ɗakin sujada sadaukar da wannan saint. A 1722, da kauri, keɓewarsa na kananan coci, wanda ya maye gurbin ɗakin sujada.

Da yawa daga baya aka yanke shawarar halin mayar da coci da kuma ke e shi ga matuƙan wanda ya mutu a cikin Baltic Sea. Wannan bayani da aka gane shekaru masu yawa daga baya. Kawai a cikin shekara ta 1914, wani babban taro na mutane, da kuma a gaban sarauta iyali da aka kaddamar Panteleimon Church. Godiya ga shirin na Rasha Soja-Historical Society mayar da coci da aka yi wa ado da marmara fi, wanda aka jera duk regiments cewa dauki bangare a cikin sojan ruwa fadace-fadace na farkon na XVIII karni.