Krymskaya dabarun m aiki. Krymskaya aiki (1944): ƙarfi ne, kuma abun da ke ciki bangarorin

A sashin na Crimea a kowane lokaci na farko na Rasha Empire, kuma daga baya da Tarayyar Soviet ne a dabarun cibiyar a tekun Black Sea. Operation Crimea yana da matukar muhimmanci ga inganta Red Army, kuma a lokaci guda, Hitler san cewa idan ba Larabawa, rasa duk Black Sea. M yãƙi ya faru fiye da wata daya da kuma sa a da shan kashi na Nazis kare.

kafin tiyata

Tun karshen 1942 - farkon 1943 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, akwai wani m canji: idan Red Army tattara zuwa wannan lokaci, a yanzu tafi a kan m. The Battle of Stalingrad ya dukan bala'i na dukan Wehrmacht. A lokacin rani na 1943 akwai wani yaƙi a cikin Kursk kumbura, ya kira a cikin tarihi na most tank yaƙi a wadda Soviet sojojin yana kokarin outplayed Nazis dauki su a cikin wani pincer motsi, bayan wanda ta Uku Reich aka riga wanzuwa. A generals ruwaito Hitler cewa, ci gaba na soja mataki zama m. Duk da haka, ya yi umurni da tsayawa da kuma rike da matsayi har kwanan nan.

Crimean aiki ya ci gaba da daraja nasarorin da Red Army. Bayan Nizhnedneprovsk m 17th Jamus sojojin da aka kama a tarko a Crimean sashin, ba tare da yiwuwar ƙari kuma ƙarfafa. Bugu da kari, cikin Soviet sojojin gudanar ya kama wani dadi qafafunku a Kerch yankin. Higher Jamus umurnin sake tunatar game da rashin bege na halin da ake ciki a gaban. Game da Crimea, musamman generals ce cewa ba tare da yiwuwar ƙasar reinforcements suka kasance a can ga wani mutuwa a kara juriya. Hitler ba tsammani don haka - ya aka umurce su da su ci gaba da kare wannan muhimmanci dabarun batu. Ya bayyana wannan da cewa, a cikin taron na Crimea, Romania da kuma Bulgaria zai gushe hulafa da Jamus. The domin da aka bai, amma abin da ya kasance cikin hali na talakawa sojoji zuwa wannan shugabanci da kuma a general da yaki, a lokacin da suka fara zuwa Crimean Gangamin?

War theorists sau da yawa magana ne kawai game da ma'auni na sojojin na adawa da bangarorin da su dabarun, bayar da shawara ta farkon da yaƙi yaƙi a matsayin dukan, kawai kirgawa yawan kayan aikin soji da kuma girman da mayakan.

A halin yanzu, dole sai imani da cewa idan ba hukunci, shi taka muhimmiyar rawa yaki da ruhu. Kuma abin da yake tare da shi a garesu?

A morale na Red Army

Idan a farkon yakin da morale na Soviet sojojin da aka fairly low, a cikin shakka daga ayyukan, musamman bayan Stalingrad, ya girma wuce yarda. Yanzu shi ne Red Army da yaki ga nasara. Bugu da kari ga wannan, mu da sojoji, sabanin na farko watanni na yaki, an taurare a fama da umurnin samu da dole kwarewa. Duk da wannan tare da ya ba mu cikakken amfani da mamaye.

A morale na Jamus-Romanian sojojin

A farkon yakin duniya na II Jamus soja inji ba a san shan kashi. Kasa da shekaru biyu a Jamus gudanar ya kama kusan dukkan kasashen Turai, suka zo kan iyakar da Tarayyar Soviet. A morale na sojoji na Wehrmacht ya a tsawo. Sun dauke da kansu iya karawa. Kuma zuwa gaba yaƙi, riga mun san a gaba da cewa shi zai yi nasara.

Duk da haka, a cikin marigayi 1941, da Nazis farko hadu tsanani juriya a cikin yaƙin ga Moscow. A lokacin kontroperatsii Red Army jefa su daga birnin zuwa nesa na sama da 200 km. Shi ne mai duka don su kai girma da kuma, mafi muhimmanci, da morale.

Wannan ya biyo Stalingrad, Kurskaia yaƙi nasara kawancen Birnin Leningrad, ya fara Crimean dabarun m aiki. Na uku Reich aka mãsu bãyar da bãya a kan dukkan fronts. Baya da cewa Jamus da sojoji suka ci daya da daya, su ne kawai gaji da yaki. Ta yaya za mu bi da su, ko dai, amma su mutane ne ma, sun kasance iyali, wanda suka fi ƙaunar da so don samun koma gida. Don su, wannan yaki da aka ba da ake bukata. A morale ya a sifili.

Forces daga cikin jam'iyyun. Tarayyar Soviet

Crimean aiki ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin Great Patriotic War. The Red Army da aka wakilta:

• 4th Ukrainian gaban, wanda ya umarci F. I. Tolbuhin. Yana kunshi cikin 51st Army karkashin Ya. G. Kreyzera. 2nd Guards Army karkashin G. F. Zaharova. 8th Air Army, umarta ta T. T. Hryukina da kuma 19 Panzer Corps, da farko ya kasance a karkashin umurnin I. D. Vasileva, wanda aka baya maye gurbinsu IA sumba.
• Independent Coastal Army, kasancewa a ƙarƙashin Janar AI Eremenko, amma umurnin 15.04.1944 shi da aka sanya a kan K. S. Melnika, wanda yake leftana-janar na soja.
• Black Sea rundunar motoci, umarta ta Admiral FS Oktyabrsky
• 361-m mutum radiodivizionom Sevastopol.
• Azov Flotilla, jagorancin Rear Admiral Gorshkovym S. G.

Forces daga cikin jam'iyyun. Jamus, Romania

Tsaro kama da sashin aiki a matsayin 17th Wehrmacht sojojin. A May 1, 1944 shi aka sanya wa umurnin Janar Corps Karl Allmendinger. A Army aka hada 7 Romanian da kuma 5 Jamus rarrabuwa. Babban hedkwatar aka located a birnin Simferopol.

Crimean aiki a kan wani ɓangare na Wehrmacht a cikin bazara na shekarar 1944 da aka na tsaron gida yanayi. Territorially tsaron gida dabarun na Wehrmacht za a iya raba 4 sassa:

1. Arewa. Umurnin da wadannan sojojin da aka located in Dzhankoy, akwai mayar da hankali da kuma reserves. Akwai biyu samuwar aka mayar da hankali:

• 49th Mountain Corps: 50, 111, 336 th dakaru Division, da 279th Brigade na kai hari da makamai.
• 3rd Romanian sojan doki kungiyar soja kunshi sojojin doki 9th, 10th da 19th dakaru rarrabuwa.

2. West. Dukan bakin tekun daga Sevastopol zuwa Perekopa suna tsaron biyu regiments na 9th Romanian sojan doki Division.

3. Gabas. Abubuwan da suka faru ya faru a kan Kerch Larabawa. Ga kare:

• 5th Corps (73th da 98th dakaru division, birged 191 hari bindigogi).
• 6th dawakan da 3rd Mountain dakaru Division Romanian.

4. Kudu. All kudancin bakin tekun daga Sevastopol zuwa Feodosiya patrolled da kuma kare 1st Romanian Mountain Corps.

A sakamakon haka, sojojin da aka mayar da hankali a cikin wadannan hanya: arewacin hanya - 5 rarrabu, Kerch - 4 rarrabu, kudu da yammacin tekun na Crimea - 3 rarrabuwa.

Crimean aiki da aka kaddamar daidai a irin wannan tsari fada mahadi.

A ma'auni na sojojin na adawa da bangarorin

ƙarfi	Tarayyar Soviet	Jamus, Romania
mutane	462400	195000
Manyan bindigogi da kuma rokoki	5982	game da 3600
Tankuna da kuma kai-propelled bindigogi	559	215
jiragen sama	1250	148

Bugu da kari, da Red Army da 322 abubuwa na kayan aiki da Navy. Wadannan alkaluma nuna wani gagarumin lamba magabaci daga cikin Soviet Army. Wannan umurnin na Wehrmacht ruwaito Hitler domin ya sami izinin tashi suka rage a cikin kawancen tsaro.

da tsare-tsaren daga cikin jam'iyyun

A Soviets gan a cikin Crimea, kuma yafi a Sevastopol, babban tushe na Black Sea jiragen ruwa. Tare da rasit wannan abu a cikin yin amfani da Soviet Navy zai iya zama mafi m, kuma mafi nasarar gudanar da wani mataki a cikin teku, wanda ya zama dole domin kara ci gaba da sojojin.

Jamus ne ma sane da Crimea da sauran balance mulki. Hitler san cewa Crimean m dabarun aiki zai iya haifar da asarar wannan muhimmanci bridgehead. Haka kuma, sau da yawa Adolf ruwaito rashin tsare da Red Army a cikin wannan yanki. Mafi m, ya riga ya san da rashin bege na halin da ake ciki, amma ya daina yi wasu sharudda. Hitler ya ba da umarni don kare sashin zuwa na karshe mutum, a kowace harka, ba mu ƙwace ta Tarayyar Soviet. Ya yi imani Crimea karfi cewa riƙe masõya kamar Romania, Bulgaria da kuma Turkey ne kusa da Jamus, da kuma asarar da abu, zai ta atomatik kai ga asarar goyon bayan majiɓinta.

Saboda haka, Crimea yana da matukar muhimmanci ga Soviet sojojin. Domin Jamus, ya kasance m.

Fara Crimean laifi

Red Army dabarun da aka lokaci daya m tasiri da arewa (daga Syvash da Perekopa) da kuma gabas (Kerch) bi inganta dabarun cibiyoyin - Simferopol da Sebastopol. Bayan haka, abokan gaba da za a raba cikin raba kungiyoyin, kuma ya halaka, su hana yiwuwar fitarwa zuwa Romania.

3 Afrilu Soviet sojojin, yin amfani da shi nauyi manyan bindigogi, da hallaka maƙiyi kufaifan. A 7 ga watan Afrilu, da yamma, bincike, wanda ya tabbatar da wuri na maƙiyi sojojin da aka yi. A Afrilu 8, Crimean aiki ya fara. Kwana biyu na Soviet sojojin kasance a cikin wani m yãƙi. A sakamakon makiya defenses da aka rushe. 11 Afrilu 19th Panzer Corps nasara a farko ƙoƙari kama Dzhankoy - daya daga cikin hedkwatar makiya sojojin. Jamus da kuma Romanian kafa tsoron yanayi ya fara ja da baya daga arewa da kuma gabas (Kerch) zuwa Simferopol da Sebastopol.

A wannan rana da Soviet sojojin kãma Kerch, sa'an nan a duk yankunan da zalunci daga cikin mãsu bãyar da bãya, maƙiyi da jirgin sama. Wehrmacht sojoji suka fara kwashe ta ruwa, amma Black Sea rundunar sojojin suka kai hari a evacuees tasoshin, sakamakon wani farkisanci kawance sojojin sun rasa 8.100 mutane.

Afrilu 13 da aka saki birnin Simferopol, Feodosia, Saki, Yevpatoria. Kashegari - Sudak, da rana bayan cewa - Alushta. Crimean aiki a yakin duniya na II zo ga ƙarshe. Al'amarin da aka sani kawai Sevastopol.

taimako guerrillas

A raba topic na tattaunawar ne a yaƙin da clandestine ayyuka na Crimean. Crimean aiki, a takaice, shi ne hadin kai da sojojin da guerrillas a cimma manufa daya. Kamar yadda aka kiyasta, akwai duka na game da mutane 4,000. Da manufofin aikinsu ya halakar da makiya ta baya, subversion, bude sadarwa da kuma jiragen kasa, tara sanya a kan dutse hanyoyi. A guerrillas m aiki a Yalta tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda ƙwarai wuya da fitarwa na Jamus da kuma Romanian sojoji. Baya haifar da manufar da ayyukan da guerrillas aka hana halakar masana'antu, kai da kamfanoni da municipalities.

Ga misali daya na wani aiki yaƙin aiki. Afrilu 11, a lokacin da mãsu bãyar da bãya na 17th Army na Wehrmacht a Sevastopol, da guerrillas kwace garin Stary Krym, tare da sakamakon cewa yanka hanya zuwa ja da baya.

Kurt Tippelskirch - Janar na Wehrmacht - kwanaki na arshe na fadace-fadace da aka bayyana a cikin wadannan hanya: da guerrillas a lokacin aiki sun rayayye hadin guiwa da sojojin Soviet da kuma zuwa ga taimaka musu.

Sevastopol Sturm

By Afrilu 15, 1944, Soviet sojojin kai babban tushe - Sevastopol. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara domin kai hari. By lokacin da aiki da aka kammala Odessa, wadda aka gudanar a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dnieper-Carpathian. Odessa (da Crimean) aiki, a lokacin da arewacin da kuma arewa maso yammacin tekun na Black Sea da aka saki, sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga Nasara.

A farko guda biyu na kokarin kama birnin na 19th kuma 23rd kasance m. Yana fara regrouping na sojojin, kazalika da samar da kayan abinci, man da kuma harsasai.

May 7, a 10:30, tare da m iska goyon baya, sun kai hari ga masu garu gundumar Sevastopol. May 9, da Red Army daga gabas, kudu da arewa, gabas shiga birnin. Sevastopol an saki! Sauran sojojin na Wehrmacht fara ja da baya, amma a Cape Chersonese an biyar musu da 19th Panzer Corps, inda ya ɗauki karshe yaƙi, wanda a cikin sa cikin 17-th sojojin karaigaba, da kuma 21 000 sojoji (ciki har da jami'an) da aka dauka fursuna tare yin la'akari kayan aiki da kuma sauran makamai.

sakamakon

Last Wehrmacht qafafunku a cikin Dama-Bank Ukraine, dake a cikin Crimea, a fuskar na 17th Army da aka halaka. Irretrievably rasa aka fiye da 100,000 Jamus da kuma Romanian sojoji. A general asarar zambar dubu 140, da sojoji da jami'an na Wehrmacht.

Domin Red Army bace da barazana da kudancin shugabanci na gaba. An samu daga Sevastopol - babban tushe na Black Sea jiragen ruwa.

Amma abu mafi muhimmanci - shi ne cewa Tarayyar Soviet bayan Crimean aiki kõma iko a cikin Black Sea tasa. Wannan hujja da cika fuska girgiza har da karfi na Jamus mukamai a Bulgaria da Romania da kuma Turkey.

A mafi tsanani da baƙin ciki a tarihin kasarmu a cikin XX karni - Great Patriotic War. Crimean aiki, kazalika da dukan sauran mutane, yana da kyau effects a farko da kuma dabarun, amma a sakamakon wadannan rikicin kashe daruruwan dubbai da kuma wani lokacin miliyoyin mu 'yan ƙasa. Crimean laifi ya na da muhimmanci dabarun makasudin kafa ta Soviet umurninSa. Jamus dauki a 1941-1942. 250 kwanaki domin kama daga Sevastopol. Soviet sojojin rasa 35 days don saki dukkan Crimean sashin, 5 wanda aka bukata ga hadari Sebastopol. A sakamakon nasara aiki halitta sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaba na Soviet sojojin a cikin Balkans.