Guyce na Rasha Navy: menene wannan, hoto, tarihin

Tarihin furanni yana da ban sha'awa a yawancin al'amura a cikin binciken. Saboda haka, tabbas za ku so ku san abin da yake gyuys, menene nau'ikansa da muhimmancinsa a kan jiragen ruwa na kasarmu, da kuma shiga cikin duniya da tarihin gida na wannan yanayin.

Menene gyuss

Kalmar nan "gyus" ta fito ne daga Netherlands. Geus - "shawara", wanda aka kira hanci ells flag jiragen ruwa halartar anti-Spanish juyin juya halin a Netherlands. Bayan lokaci, ya zama sunan iyali. Yau jack na Navy na Rasha da kuma sauran kasashen da ake kira da baka flag Maritime jirgin ruwa, wanda tare da sojan ruwa, kasuwanci, ko} ungiyoyin Tutar tattaunawa game da jihar na jirgin kaya.

Sunan na biyu na Huys shine alamar bowsprit, domin a farkon tarihinsa an tashe shi a kan bowsprit ko wata alama ta musamman, ko ake kira gyusstock. Yau, zaku iya ganin gyus a kan tanki na jirgin ruwa. Ana amfani da shi yanzu ta hanyar jiragen ruwa, amma wasu ƙasashe sun ba da damar yin amfani da jiragen farar hula.

Wani ma'anar synonyms na Huys, ainihin, duk da haka, ba a duk ƙasashe ba - wani sansanin ƙarfafa ne, saboda an tashe shi a kan gabar kogin bakin teku da sauran abubuwa masu muhimmanci a bakin tekun. Gyuis kuma ana kiransa da tutar filin ajiye motoci, domin ya ƙayyade ta hanyar mafi yawan asusun ajiyar jirage, maimakon jiragen ruwa a kan tafiyarsu.

Tarihin duniya na Huys

A lokacin tsakiyar zamanai, Huys yayi magana akan tashar jiragen ruwa na wani jirgin. Tsarin farko na hanci shine Prince na Orange, wanda aka ambata a 1572 lokacin da ya kwatanta kama garin Den Brill, wanda aka kwantar da shi daga Spaniards. Duk da haka, halaye na Huys ba su tsira - akwai shawara cewa hotunan Orange Orange - hotunan orange, launin fari da shuɗi daidai ne na kwance.

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararren Huys shine alamar bowsprit na ƙungiyar Ingila da Scotland, waɗanda suka ƙawata jiragen ruwa a 1634-1707. Alamomin Turanci na St. George (giciye a kan tsabta mai tsabta) an sanya su akan alamar alama ta Scottish flag of St. Andrew (farin wasikar "X" wanda aka juya a cikin bakararre). Gyuys a wasu hanyoyi sun zama samfurin na gaba na Birtaniya. Dole ne ya shafe kawai a kan yaƙe-yaƙe, wanda ya sa Gez ya kira "Union Jack" ("Allied Gyus"); Masu sufurin jiragen ruwa sun cancanci samun tutar St. Andrew ko St. George, dangane da ƙasar da ke cikin ƙungiya.

A halin yanzu tafiya cikin tarihin Rundunar Rasha, da farko, sananne da asali.

Asalin Gyuys na Rasha

A cikin rukunin Rasha, gyus ya bayyana a 1658 - bayan ziyarar Bitrus mai girma ga mulkin Ingila a lokacin Babban Ofishin Jakadancin. Dole ne alama ta nuna alamar ikon da girman girman matakan jirgin ruwa na Rasha, saboda haka an zabi shi a cikin misalin Huys of alliance - Birtaniya da Scotland, wanda muka bincika dalla-dalla a sama.

A cikin rukuni na Rasha, ba kamar alamar ƙungiya ba, gicciyen St. Andrew ya rinjaye a kan gicciyen St. George, kuma ba haka ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yana daga St. Andrew, a cewar Peter, Rasha kuma ya yi masa baftisma. Har ila yau, wannan gicciye ma yana da ma'anar alama - a lokacin halittar jihar, jihar ta riga ta sami damar zuwa tekuna huɗu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka amince da Dokar St. Andrew na farko a Rasha ta hanyar irin wannan giciye.

Don yin amfani da wannan takarda, wanda ya zama samfurin jirgi Navy na yau da kullum, ya fara a 1701. Hakanan ana amfani da hotonsa a matsayin magungunan kaya da sauran abubuwa na teku.

Gyuys a lokacin mulkin Rasha

A 1712, Petr Veliky sun kuma yi amfani da kuma yarda da jack matsayin da Kaiser-flag (Kaisers-flag) - flag, wanda yakan a kan jirgin ruwa a cikin taron na add a kan janar-admiral, grand shugabannai, da kuma sauran muhimman mutane. "Yarjejeniya ta Duniya" ta 1720 ta ƙarshe ta amince da bayyanarta. Ana iya amfani da tutar karen din din kamar jirgin.

Gyuss na Rundunar Sojan Rasha, bisa ga wannan "Naval Charter", ba za a iya tasiri ba kawai a cikin soja ba, har ma a kan jiragen ruwa masu mahimmanci ("fins"), da kuma a kan tashar jiragen ruwa (a wannan yanayin, "giciye" ya kara gicciye). Yanzu yana da wuya a ƙayyade idan jiragen ruwa masu sayarwa suna amfani da wannan tutar a Petrograd.

Ba tare da canje-canjen da Bitrus Mai girma ya yarda ba, ya kasance har zuwa shekara ta 1913. Daga bisani, a kan umarnin Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II, zane a kan daidaitattun ya kara da nau'i mai launi guda biyu na launin baki, wanda yake tsakiyar cibiyar. Irin wannan gyus yana aiki har sai juyin juya halin Fabrairu na shekarar 1917.

Gyuss na Tarayyar Soviet

Ƙasar Soviet ta yi amfani da fannonin Huys da siginan na Empire har zuwa 1924, wanda ya kasance abin ban mamaki a bango na canjin canjin tarihi da sunaye. Sa'an nan kuma daidaitattun ya sauya wasu canje-canje:

• A shekara ta 1924, farar fata ta tsakiya na Huys ya ci gaba da zama a tsakiyar, a tsakiyar abin da wani tauraro mai tauraron fararen gilashi da ƙuƙwalwa a ciki.
• A 1932, zane da gyuys na USSR ya canza. Banner ya zama zane mai zane, wanda aka yi ado da ɗakinsa tare da babban tauraron biyar. A cikin tsakiyar an sanya raƙuman raƙuman launin ja, wanda a cikinsa aka ƙetare hammer da kuma sickle.
• A shekara ta 1964, an sake sauyawar bayyanar Huysa - babban tauraruwar fari da duk abinda ke ciki an sake shi kuma an canza girmansa.

Zaɓin karshe ya wanzu har zuwa 1992 - a cikin sakin layi na gaba za muyi magana game da tutar jirgin ruwa na Rasha.

Gyuss na Rasha

Bari mu sake nazarin kwanan nan na tarihin 'yan tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha:

• A 1992, da Littãfin da shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation № 798 gabatar da wani sabon nau'in sojan ruwa jack - ja flag da St. Andrew ta kuma St George Cross, wanda da zarar buga da Sarkin sarakuna Peter Mai girma. Bambanci ya kasance cikin abu ɗaya: raƙuman gicciye na St. Andrew ba su samari ne ba, amma blue.
• A shekarar 2000, jiragen ruwa na Rasha sun dawo da launi na tarihi na babban giciye - blue.

Kasuwanci na kan iyakar Rasha suna amfani da gyussan dan kadan - saurin fararen sa yana sau uku.

Gyuys na Rundunar Rasha a yanzu

A yau, gyuss na Rundunar Soja na Rasha kawai tana cikin kundin runduna na soja na 1, 2. An tashe shi a kan hanci (tanki) na jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa kawai a yayin filin ajiye motoci.

To, a zahiri, Gyussan Navy na Rasha - mece ce? Menene yake kama da shi? Harshen zamani na Rashanci da sansanin ƙarfin zane ne mai zane mai launi tare da giciye mai zurfi, wanda aka nuna shi a giciye mai launin shuɗi (inverted) giciye tare da fararen kafa. Girman / tsawon hali kamar haka:

• 1 / 1.5 - nisa na dukan jiki har tsawonsa;
• 1/10 - da nisa daga bakin tudu na babban giciye zuwa tsawon dukan tutar;
• 1/20 - nisa daga cikin rawanin fari na giciye na baya zuwa fadin dukan panel;
• 1/40 - nisa na fararen fararen babban giciye zuwa fadin dukan gyussa.

Ana iya ganin hotunan dakarun Rasha a cikin zamani na zamani.

A halin yanzu, Gyuysu a Rasha yana kama da sansanin soja. Kodayake sun yarda da su ta hanyar yin aiki na al'ada, ba lallai ba ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan batutuwa - a lokuta daban-daban waɗannan kalmomi sun bambanta da ainihin, da kuma ka'idojin - a bayyanar.

Amfani

A cewar Art. 628 na Dokokin Rukunin Rasha, gyuss kawai za a iya amfani dashi a kan sojoji da iyakokin jiragen ruwa na farko da na biyu. Ana tayar da tutar baka a kan gyusstock a cikin filin ajiye motoci na tasoshin a kan ganga, alamar, kayan aiki.

Yau, gyuss an tashe su kuma saukar da su ta hanyar jirgi a lokaci guda tare da hawan / hawan babban motar jirgin ruwa na jihar - a karfe 8 na safe da kuma bayan faɗuwar rana. An halatta a ɗaga shi a kan mastsan gaisuwa a yayin da aka kaddamar da salute.

Ma'anar sojojin ruwa na Rasha

Peter na farko ba tare da dalili, canzawa da harshen Ingilishi-Scottish gyuss, ya ƙaddamar da gicciyen Andrew da Na farko-Kira a farkon wuri. Bisa ga labarun Littafi Mai-Tsarki, manzo manzo ne, dalilin da ya sa aka dauke shi mashawar dukkan masu tudun teku. An kuma yi imanin cewa ya yi wa'azi a ƙasashen gabashin Rasha kuma har ma ya bar nan biyu daga bishiyoyinsa - a Kiev da Volkhov. Hoton a kan su an kofe a cikin nau'i na babban ɓangaren gyuys na Rasha.

Amma ma'anar furanni na rukunin sojojin ruwa na Rasha, yana kama da launi na launi na kasa na kasa:

• White - tsarki, tsarki, zaman lafiya, kammala;
• Red - launi na jinin masu kare na gida, makamashi, aiki nagari, iko;
• Blue - aminci, juriya, bangaskiya.

Collar-gyuss

Baya ga daidaitattun, gyuss na Rundunar Sojan Rasha wani abin kirki ne wanda ke da kayan ado na kayan aiki na jirgin ruwa. Tarihin asalinta yana da amfani sosai. A cikin tsohuwar kwanakin shari'ar da aka sanya wa ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa su sa kayan wutsiya masu laushi da kuma alade mai dadi daga doki. Wannan shahararren kullun yana tsabtace tufafi, wanda ya haifar da mummunan hukunci na mai aiki. Masu aikin jirgi masu amfani sun fara yin amfani da wutsiya na fata don kwalkwata a karkashin wig, wanda ke kare kaya daga cutar. Yawancin lokaci, wannan alamar ta sake canzawa a matsayin gyussan zamani.

Bisa ga wani juyi, "magabatan" na mahaɗin mai jirgin ruwa wani makami ne, mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda masu safarar suka sa kansu, suna kare kansu a kan yanayin. Gudanar da jack a ƙarƙashin tufafi, zaka iya kare kanka daga iska mai sanyi, ruwan sama da yaduwar ruwa.

Yau, ana yin takalmin jirgin ruwa na kayan ado mai launin fata mai launin fata, yana samar da nau'i uku na launin ado a tarnaƙi. Har ila yau, linzamin zane mai launin shuɗi. Wannan abin wuya ne mai cirewa - an ba shi da gashin ido don gyarawa ga maɓallai masu dacewa a kan "ɗamara" da kuma jaket aiki.

Menene ratsi a kan abin wuya?

Manufofin Guy na Rundunar Sojan Rasha sun nuna cewa akwai nau'i uku na zane-zane a kan wannan abin wuya. Ana bayyana sassan su ta hanyar iri biyu marasa amfani:

• Yawan adadin yawansu ya kai yawan yawan nasarar da sojojin Rasha suka samu a ciki - daga Gangut (1714), daga Chesma (1770) da kuma daga Sinop (1853). Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai nau'i uku a kan maƙalar jirgin ruwa, waɗanda aka kwatanta da su. Hanyar.
• Yawan adadin wakilai alama ce ta kusa da wani sashi zuwa ga babban Bitrus. Tun da akwai kawai uku daga cikinsu, yawan adadin ma ya dace. Da karin makaman da aka samu, yawancin sarakunan Rasha sun fi son magoya bayan wannan tawagar.

Saboda haka, a gyuysa cewa Rasha, sauran ƙasashe yana da mahimmanci - yana ba ka damar ƙayyade jihar da aka ajiye a cikin jirgin. Bugu da ƙari, maɓallin shinge yana nuna abin da jirgin yake a gabanka - soja ko iyaka. Huys - da daidaitattun, da masu ƙulla - suna da tarihin ban sha'awa game da asalinsu da gyare-gyare.