Hanyoyin da titrimetric analysis. titration iri. hikimar tantance sunadarai

Hanyoyin da titrimetric bincike da aka raba bisa ga wani embodiment na titration da sinadaran halayen da aka zaba domin sanin abu (bangaren). A zamani sunadarai rarrabe gwada yawa da kuma gwajin kwari analysis.

daban na rarrabuwa

Hanyar titrimetric analysis zabi wani musamman sunadarai dauki. Dangane da irin hulda, akwai wani rabo a cikin raba titrimetric tabbatar da dalilin da jinsunan.

Hanyoyin da bincike:

• Redox titration. Hanyar dogara ne a kan canji a cikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka Jihar abubuwa a littattafai.
• Complex samuwar ne mai hadaddun sunadarai dauki.
• Acid-tushe titration unshi da cikakken neutralization na reactants.

neutralization

Acid-tushe titration damar ƙayyade yawan inorganic acid (alkalimetry), da kuma lissafta wani tushe (atsidimetriya) a cikin so bayani. Bayan wannan hanya da analyte maida martani tare da salts. Lokacin amfani da kwayoyin kaushi (acetone, barasa) shi yiwuwa a ƙayyade more abubuwa.

complexation

Mene ne jigon Hanyar titration analysis? Kayyade sa ran abubuwa da hazo da ake so ion matsayin ƙwauro narkewa fili ko ta dauri a little- barranta hadaddun.

Redoksimetriya

Hadawan abu da iskar shaka-raguwa titration dogara ne a kan rage da hadawan abu da iskar shaka halayen. Dangane da titrant reagent bayani a cikin nazari sunadarai gano:

• permanganometry, wanda dogara ne a kan yin amfani da potassium permanganate.
• iodometry, wanda dogara ne a kan hadawan abu da iskar shaka na aidin, kazalika da maido da iodide ions.
• bihromatometriyu wanda utilizes potassium dichromate hadawan abu da iskar shaka.
• bromatometry dangane da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na potassium bromate.

Redox hanyoyin titrimetric bincike da kuma hada da irin matakai kamar yadda cerimetry, titanometriya, vanadometriya. Su unsa hadawan abu da iskar shaka ko rage daga cikin m karfe ions.

By titration Hanyar

Akwai rarrabuwa titrimetric analysis hanyoyin dangane da hanyar da titration. A kai tsaye embodiment titrated ayyana ion zaba reagent bayani. Tsari canzawa titration hanyar dogara ne a kan kayyade daidaitawa nufi m, a gaban sinadaran mahadi. Titration na saura (kishiya Hanyar) ana amfani a cikin akwati inda yana da wuya a karba haske, kuma ma a wani jinkirin kwarara daga sinadaran hulda. Alal misali, a kayyade da alli carbonate abu da aka bi da auna da wuce haddi adadin misali bayani na hydrochloric acid.

muhimmancin bincike

Duk hanyoyin da titration bincike ya nuna:

• daidai tabbatar da dalilin da girma na daya ko kowane daga cikin maida martani sunadarai.
• gaban titrated bayani, bayan da ta hanya aka yi titration.
• ganewa analysis.

Titrating tushen hikimar tantance sunadarai, don haka yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da ainihin yadda ake gudanar yi a lokacin da gwaji. Wannan sashe ne a hankali alaka ayyukan kullum. Ba da ciwon da wani ra'ayi game da kasancewar albarkatun kasa, ko kayayyakin ne yafi aka gyara da kuma impurities, yana da wuya a shirya samar sarkar a cikin Pharmaceutical, sinadaran da metallurgical masana'antu. Muhimmai daga hikimar tantance sunadarai ana amfani da su warware hadaddun tattalin.

Research Hanyar cikin hikimar Chemistry

A masana'antu sunadarai ne kimiyya na kayyade bangaren ko abu. Sansanonin titrimetric analysis - hanyoyin amfani ga gwaji. Tare da su taimako, mai bincike ya ƙarasa da abun da ke ciki na abu, da gwada yawa abun ciki na mutum sassa. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a lokacin da hikimar tantance kima a gane mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka, wanda shi ne wani bangare ne na gwajin abu. A cikin rarrabuwa na hanyoyin bincikar na sunadarai zuwa lissafi, abin da irin mataki shi ne kamata ya yi. Don auna da taro na sakamakon saura amfani da wani gravimetric Hanyar bincike. Lokacin da tsanani kima bayani zama dole photometric analysis. The girma na EMF ƙaddara da potentiometry bijiro da batun kafa da aka gyara da binciken magani. A titration masu lankwasa ya nuna gudanar da gwaji.

Division of hanyoyin bincikar

Idan dole, yin amfani da a analytical sunadarai physicochemical, classic (sinadaran) da kuma ta jiki da hanyoyin. By sinadaran hanyoyin fiye gane titrimetric da gravimetric analysis. Duka hanyoyin su ne na gargajiya, shaye, ana amfani da ko'ina a analytical sunadarai. The nauyi (gravimetric) Hanyar ya shafi kayyade taro na wani abu, ko ta bijiro da batun kafa da aka gyara, wanda aka ware a wani m jihar, da kuma a cikin nau'i na insoluble mahadi. Volume (titrimetric) analysis hanyar dogara ne a kan kayyade adadin reagent cinyewa a cikin sunadarai dauki da aka dauka a san taro. Akwai wani rabo daga sinadaran da jiki da hanyoyi daban kungiyoyin:

• Tantancewar (na).
• electrochemical.
• radiometric.
• chromatography.
• taro spectrometry.

Bayani dalla-dalla titration nazari

Wannan sashe na hikimar tantance sunadarai ya shafi aunawa da adadin reagent abin da ake bukata domin cika sunadarai dauki da aka sani da adadin da wani abu. Jigon da hanya ne cewa da mafita na gwajin abu ne kara dropwise zuwa reagent na san taro. Ƙara shi yana muddin adadin ba zai zama daidai da adadin da abu wanda reacts tare da shi. Wannan hanya sa wani babban gudun lissafi a gwada yawa hikimar tantance sunadarai.

Kamar yadda kafa dabara la'akari Faransa masanin kimiyya Gay lusakite. The abu ko kashi, da aka kaddara a cikin samfurin, kira a matsayin analyte. Daga cikin su iya zama ions, kwayoyin halitta, aikin kungiyoyin daure free radicals. Reagents ake magana gaseous, ruwa, m abu, wanda reacts tare da da wani sinadaran. Tsari podlivaniem titration ne daya bayani zuwa wani karkashin m hadawa. A bukata kafun ga nasarar da tsari ne da yin amfani da titration bayani tare da wani ajali maida hankali (titrant). Ga lissafin amfani normality na bayani, Ina nufin, yawan gram-equivalents da kayan kunshe ne a cikin 1 lita na bayani. Titration masu lankwasa gina bayan da matabbatarsu.

Chemical mahadi ko abubuwa mu'amala a da kyau-tsare nauyi yawa m zuwa ga gram-equivalents.

Embodiments shiri titrant daga nauyi na fara abu

A matsayin na farko Hanyar shirya wani bayani da a qaddara maida hankali (titer tsare) za a iya daukan m samfurin nauyi rushe a ruwa ko wani sauran ƙarfi da kuma diluting cikin shirye bayani da ake so girma. A titer na sakamakon reagent za a iya kafa a san nauyin tsarki fili da kuma girma na ƙãre bayani. Wannan hanya da aka yi amfani da shiri na titrated mafita wadanda sunadarai wanda za a iya samu a wani m tsari, da abun da ke ciki na wanda ba ya canza a lokacin da shafe tsawon ajiya. Abubuwa amfani ga yin la'akari da yin la'akari kwalabe ana amfani da murfi da rufe. Wannan hanya na shirya mafita ba su dace ga abubuwa da ciwon high hygroscopicity da kuma zuwa mahadi wanda shiga cikin sinadaran hulda da carbon monoxide (4).

Na biyu fasaha ne da shiri na titrated mafita amfani da musamman chemical, a musamman dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Ya dogara ne a kan yin amfani da daidaici auna yawa na m m mahadi kazalika da yin amfani da wasu mafita da normality. Abu da aka sanya a cikin gilashin vials, sa'an nan hatimce su. Wadanda abubuwa da suke ciki gilashin vials, kira fiksanaly. Lokacin dauke da fitar da kai tsaye gwajin ampule reagent karya sama da mazurari, wanda yana cikin rashin lafiya na'urar. Bugu da ari, da dukan bangaren da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani volumetric flask bi ta Bugu da kari na ruwa, wani zama dole adadin da aiki bayani.

Titration ana amfani da wani algorithm na ayyuka. Burette cika da aiki bayani shirya sifili haka da cewa kasan daga gare shi ba iska kumfa. Next, auna pipette bayani da za a bincikar, to, shi ne sanya a cikin wani conical flask. Kara zuwa da shi, da kuma 'yan saukad da nuna alama. A hankali, da ƙãre bayani ne kara dropwise daga burette aiki bayani kula ga wani launi canji. Lokacin da barga launi, wanda ba ya bace bayan daƙiƙu 5-10, hukunci kammala titration tsari. Next ci gaba zuwa lissafin, da lissafi na girma na ciyar da bayani ga wani qaddara taro, yin karshe a kan gwaje-gwajen.

ƙarshe

Titration damar domin sanin gwada yawa da kuma gwajin kwari abun da ke ciki na analyte. Wannan Hanyar tantance abubuwa sunadarai zama dole ga wani iri-iri na masana'antu, shi ne a yi amfani da magani, pharmaceutics. A lokacin da zabi da aiki bayani ne ake bukata don yin la'akari da ta sinadaran Properties, kazalika da ikon samar da insoluble mahadi karatu abu.