Heterogamy - wani irin jima'i haifuwa, cikinsa da Kwayoyin bambanta da juna a cikin siffar da kuma tsarin

A cewar Collegiate Dictionary, heterogamy - mai jima'i tsari, a cikin abin da namiji da mace gametes cewa fis a lokacin hadi, sauye a size da kuma siffar.

The main iri jima'i tsari

Isogamy, heterogamy, oogamy - duk da matakai na jima'i cell fe. Isogamy ne mafi m nau'i na jima'i haifuwa, cikinsa da namiji da mace Kwayoyin suna da wannan girma da suke morphologically m. Irin wannan ci ne muhimmi a cikin sauki ravnozhgutikovym fungi da kuma kore algae.

Heterogamy - mai jima'i tsari a cikin abin da ci gaba daban-daban a cikin size da morphological tsarin da jima'i Kwayoyin (gametes).

Oogamy - shi ne a kan tsari da wani tsari na jima'i cell Fusion, a cikin abin da jam sel ne sosai daban-daban daga juna. Wannan irin jima'i tsari ne muhimmi a cikin mutane, da kuma wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan irin hadi auku tsakanin manyan size mace jima'i cell da kuma kananan, a kwatanta da shi, mutumin. Mafi sau da yawa, da mace tantanin halitta yana gyarawa, yayin da maza suna rayayye motsi. Wannan tsari na iya faruwa a cikin mace jiki, da kuma bayan.

Paul kwayoyin

An yi imani da cewa akwai jinsuna biyu: namiji da mace. Ya kamata a lura, kamar yadda muka riga ya san cewa a cikin yanayi akwai iri uku na jima'i haifuwa: isogamy, heterogamy, oogamy. A cikin dukkan lokuta, sun kafa karin sel haihuwar, amma kawai a oogamy kafa kwai da maniyyi.

Iri kayyade jima'i

Akwai da dama iri kayyade jima'i cikin zuriyarsa. Da aka fi amfani uku main hanyoyin: software, singamny, metagamny. A mafi m daga gare su ne programmatic definition na jima'i cikin zuriyarsa. Wadannan nazarin kamata a da za'ayi a cikin hadi tsari (yanayin halitta na juya). Alal misali, idan ka dauki nazarin jima'i aiwatar rotifers, sa'an nan suka yi da ikon, a cikin abin da kwai Kwayoyin suna kafa a daban-daban masu girma dabam. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa qwai da manyan size samar da mace, da kuma na kananan - kawai namiji.

Sexing kai tsaye a lokacin jima'i hadi ne singamnym. A analysis aka yi a kan tushen da kadaici na jima'i chromosomes. Wannan irin shi ne ya fi kowa. Heterogamy - shi ne babban jima'i tsari ga kayyade irin singamnogo nan gaba zuriya.

Metagamny ko epigamny irin jima'i tabbatar da dalilin ba ya dogara ne a kan siffar jam sel ko na size, ko ma a kan yawan chromosomes. Fassara ga irin wannan bincike ne muhalli dalilai, kazalika da tsanani da su effects. Wannan irin tabbatar da dalilin da jima'i za a iya gani a matsayin gyara canzawa.

Misalai na waje tsoma

A mafi sauki da kuma fi na kowa hanya don sarrafa jima'i na nan gaba zuriya za a iya gani a cikin misalin kada qwai. Kamar yadda a cikin yanayi, da kuma a cikin halittar wucin gadi yanayin zafin jiki, a wani zazzabi ko an haife ta mace ko namiji kawai. Wannan ya dogara da yawan zafin jiki.

Har ila yau, akwai lokuta inda jima'i daga zurriyar dogara a kan yanayi cikin abin da suka ci gaba. Bonellia viridis - wani irin marine annelid tsutsa, wanda yana da matukar musamman ikon canza jima'i dangane da mazauninsu.

Sãɓãwar launukansa mataki na rinjayar wasu dalilai

A jima'i na jiki kusan daidai da rinjayar da biyu da genotype da kuma yawan waje dalilai. Duk da haka, mataki na rinjayar daban-daban kwayoyin a kan bene na waje dalilai da kuma daban-daban genotype. Hukunci ga nan gaba zuriya jima'i cikin mutane da kuma mafi dabbobi masu shayarwa ne genotype. Domin irin wannan jima'i aiwatar kamar yadda heterogamy, misalai na wanda aka bayyana a baya, a farkon wuri ne da mutane. Waje dalilai ba da wannan tsari ba zai shafi. Duk da yake wannan Bonellia viridis (iri-iri nereid) da aka bayyana a baya, ko da kifi ne gaba daya dogara a kan canje-canje a cikin external yanayi.

The mace daga wadannan tsutsotsi ne muhimmanci m ga adadin da namiji da ciwon microscopic size. Ya zaune dama a cikin mata kaciya fili. The larvae ma ne bisexual, cewa shi ne, suna da halaye na biyu mata da maza. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa jima'i da zũriyarsu da aka shafa more ta muhalli dalilai. Saboda haka, tsutsa, da yardar kaina zauna cikin ruwa shafi zai zama cikakken fledged mace manyan size. Duk da haka, idan ta hadu da mace, wadda za ta zama free daga namiji, shi za a iya gyarawa a kan shi, kuma ƙarshe juya a cikin maza.

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Sai ya faru da cewa jima'i da zuriya daga wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa ta shafa waje dalilai. A cikin dabbõbin ni'ima, m tagwaye ne sakamakon heterogamy. Ko da a cikin akwati inda saniya a lokaci guda samar da namiji tagwaye, sa a lokacin da shi ne kullum ci gaba, yayin da kajin iya bayyana biyu namiji da mace jima'i halaye. Wannan yanayin mai tushe daga gaskiya cewa da ɗa namiji hormone da aka saki kafin mace kuma ta haka ne zai iya shafar jima'i na tagwaye. Wannan misali a fili ya nuna tasirin waje dalilai a kan gaba jima'i da zurriyarsu.

Daga cikin gabatar ba shi ya bi da cewa tushe da kuma nazarin halittu Dalili na wani canji, ciki har da jima'i, shi ne asalin bisexuality na kwayoyin code na wani kwayoyin. Wannan yanayin ya tabbatar da cewa da kasa na iya canza kamar farkon a sakamakon ci gaban da kwayoyin. Kuma heterogamy - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shaida wannan tabbatarwa.