Ainihin siffofin al'amari a tashin

siffofin al'amari a tashin - shi ne ikon da wani abu don motsawa a sarari da kuma lokaci. The sosai manufar "al'amarin," da aka bayyana a matsayin ubiquitous jiki yawa mallakan wadannan Properties:

1. Wannan abu.
2. Jikin da ciwon, bi da bi, da mutum sigogi: nauyi, tsawon, a iyakancen wuri.

Akwai wani definition kwayoyin halitta. Daga mai falsafa jari ra'ayi, shi ne abu, wanda yana da iri biyu na gaskiya wani haƙiƙa wanda characterizes a farko manufa, da kuma kayadadden - sani.

A m view a kan manufar al'amarin

A kan manufar "al'amarin," na farko ya fara ne a zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Wannan kalma sa'an nan nufi duk mai rai da kuma data kasance a cikin duniya, shi ne dalilin da asalin rayuwa a duniya. Leucippus da Democritus - na farko masanin kimiyya domin su kirkiro da irin wannan definition.

A tsakiyar zamanai da taken: "Matter, motsi da kuma siffar ta zama" da aka tattauna sosai rayayye. A mafi girma da masana kimiyya da falsafa da sun bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a kan wannan batun, da gina shiriritar, kuma ta bayar da hujjar ga kariya na sirri ra'ayi.

Alal misali, Thomas Hobbes zaton kwayoyin halitta a matsayin wani abu wanda yake shi ne "biyu". Ƙarƙashinsa, bi da bi, ya nufi kafuwar dukan kõme wani irin. A wannan yanayin, domin Thomas Hobbes babu manufar "farko al'amarin", saboda a karkashin shi da ya gane da cikakken rashin tsari a cikin sarari da kuma lokaci. Ga abin da ya rubuta a cikin rubutun: "Wannan al'amari ne ba tare da tsari - a irin ra'ayin na jiki, wanda aka bayyana a lokacin da mu shafi tunanin mutum da sallama dukkan jiki Concepts, ban da yawan da kuma tsawon lokaci."

Shahararren Birtaniya malama Dzhon Lokk sa a gaba ka'idarsa. A cikin fahimtar al'amarin - Extended jiki da ciwon yawa. A cewar Locke, shi ne sakamakon da mu kwarewa da cewa babu tunani ko ji ba zai iya zama tushe. Kamar yadda ya rubuta a cikin rubuce-rubucen: "The al'amarin, ba shakka, akwai, duk da haka, har yanzu wasu kaya a gare mu - mai jigilar kaya na asali halaye na karko da kuma yawa, ganuwa zuwa ido da kuma ba sani da hankula."

Bi da bi, da Jamus Falsafa Immanuel Kant ya kira al'amarin "bangaren sassa na yanayi", kuma su ƙungiyar - "da muhimmanci form". Bisa ga wannan ra'ayi, ya ware daga cikin biyu iri al'amari :

1. Ma'ana. Yana da wani ra'ayi daban-daban daga form.
2. Jiki, ko Unlimited. Yana da wani al'amari na kowane mataki, iyakance kawai da bambanci na daya nau'i daga wani.

A wannan hasashe, Kant ya ba da wadannan definition of al'amari: m, yana da dogon jiki, mamaye dukan duniya kewaye da mu, kuma shi ne tushen asalin da majiyai. Wannan ra'ayi ne har yanzu dacewa da kuma tushe ga dukan m falsafancin da ƙungiyoyi.

ãyõyin al'amarin

Cikakken nazari daga cikin siffofin na motsi na al'amarin ya kai ga kadaici da ta babban fasali:

1. Domin kai-raya nau'i na tashin dole ne a yi da kansa saba wa juna.
2. Dalili na kowane Tsari mai sarrafa kansa ne a dangantakar spaced baya rabo a cikin tsarin da al'amari, wanda kuma da m abu ne kafa daga baya.
3. Mun cikakken duk wani nau'i ne na girma yanki, cike da wadanda abubuwa, tafiyar matakai da kuma mamaki cewa ba a wasu yankunan.
4. Duk wani nau'i na motsi ne muhimmi a kasancewar inganci da sikẽli, abu don bayyanar da hadin kai a wani iri-iri waje manifestations.
5. Form na ci gaba yana da wani zaman kanta guda mahaluži, batu ne kawai zuwa guzuri na da kansa a kan tafi.
6. Kowane irin motsi Forms wani musayar kawai da ta dace m abu to shi, kasancewa da ya faru da kuma ci gaban Hanyar.
7. Babu shakka kowane nau'i ne ya wakilci a gaba ɗayansa, mutum sciences kuma shi ne basa therebetween.

Saboda haka, al'amarin, cikin irin ta ƙungiyoyi da kuma zama masu zurfi Concepts fiye da zai iya ze farko duba.

Gabatar da asali rarrabuwa na al'amarin

A halayyar abubuwa na al'amari ne uku aka gyara: motsi, da sarari, kuma cikin lokaci. A lokaci guda su ne raba daga gare ta. Bi da bi, da abubuwan da al'amarin da wannan Ganin cewa a sarari da kuma lokaci.

A Jamus Falsafa, aboki na Marx da kafa ayyukansa Friedrich Engels ma biya da hankali ga wannan batu. Marubucin nasa ne da wadannan rarrabuwa daga cikin siffofin na motsi na al'amarin:

1. Jiki ci gaba.
2. Chemical ci gaba.
3. Inji.
4. Halittu.
5. Social.

Ya dauke su interlinked da cikakken karin.

Tare da siffofin, da abu yana kuma takamaiman Properties:

1. Babu mutumin da aka yi da halittar kuma hallaka damar.
2. Dawwama wuri a cikin lokaci da kuma sarari.
3. Kwayoyin halitta ko da yaushe muhimmi a motsi da kuma canji, kai-raya, canji da kuma mulki daga jihar zuwa wani.
4. Opredeljaemost duk tafiyar matakai.
5. A causal dangantaka. Yana yakan haifar da wata dangantaka ta mamaki da kuma abubuwa da tsarin dangantakar a cikin al'amarin, kazalika da su haddasawa da kuma yanayi.
6. Tafakkuri. Wannan tsari ne da ba a kowane irin ayyuka, amma shi ne dogara a kan tsarin musayar tsarin da kuma waje da tasirinsa. Shi ne saboda wannan sabon abu Siliki irin wannan tsari, kamar yadda m tunani matakai.

Na da dokokinta a kan jeri nau'i na tashin:

1. A dokar da hadin kai na hamayya da juna da kuma tunkuxe. Engels yi imani da cewa kowane nau'i na al'amarin na da m, tare da wanda yana da dangantaka a lokaci guda da juna tunkuxe.
2. Mi yawa zuwa quality. A karkashin wannan arziki, da yawa yana da wani abu a na kowa cewa haɗa kan bangaskiya iri batutuwa da ingancin - su ne daban-daban a cikin wannan abubuwa da mamaki. Duk wannan bambanci, a duniya, su ne daya - gwargwado faruwa bayan da iyakoki da wadda take kaiwa zuwa ga halaka hadin kai. A matsayin misali, da adadin barasa ne isa ya cece wani mutum daga sobriety.
3. Complete negation of negation da. Shi ne mai ci gaba da baya doka. Yana yakan haifar da wani gwargwado na fatar kan, karya da tsohon tsarin da kuma tallafi na sabon data, dauka daga haihuwa da kan iyakoki.

The latest rarrabuwa na al'amarin

rarrabuwa daga cikin siffofin na Engels 'The sama ne halin yanzu a tsakiyar zamanai. Duk da haka, kamar yadda lokaci ya wuce, mun canja da ra'ayi, da kuma tare da su da siffofin motsi na al'amarin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, misali, jiki tsari na motsi da za a tsaya kawai zafi, mafi zama m Concepts da mamaki. Saboda haka, to da latest rarrabuwa na siffofin motsi ne:

1. Motsi a sarari.
2. Motsi electromagnets kamar wani nuni da dangantakar sassa zargin.
3. Gabancin gravitational filin: nuclei karfi hulda a sarari, kuma ya raunana, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sha da kuma watsi da neutron barbashi.
4. A sunadarai nau'i na motsi. Yana da wani tsari da kuma wani babban total musayar kwayoyin da kuma caje barbashi.
5. Daga cikin filin na binciken kasa. Yana nuna wani canji a cikin na asali ma'aunan kasa tsarin: da nahiyoyi, ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi yadudduka.
6. A nazarin halittu nau'i na motsi. Don shi iya hada halitta matakai a cikin yanayi: kira, salon salula canje-canje.
7. Social form. Yana wakiltar duk na mamaki cewa faruwa a cikin al'umma. Ne mafi hadaddun da m na duk a sama.

siffofin tashin kungiyar

Ainihin nau'i na tashin suna da nasu definition, bisa ga abin da suka kasance da dama motsi da dangantaka da kayan abubuwa magana manyan canje-canje a cikin su hadin kai. Bisa ga wannan rubutu ɓullo da wannan version: cikakken kowane abu ne ba na musamman zuwa guda da kuma jam'i na kayan motsi a cikin sarari da kuma lokaci. Matsayin shaida na wannan ka'idar ne uku main kungiyoyin siffofin ƙungiyoyi, kowanne daga abin da yana da yawa sub-kungiyoyin.

Neorganichno form. Ya kunshi wadannan manyan kungiyoyin:

1. The motsi a cikin sarari.
2. Motsi na farko barbashi kuma daban-daban iri filayen: electromagnetic, nauyi daga yankin, tare da daban-daban digiri na musayar.
3. Motsi da kuma mi} a mulki daga kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin a kaucewa daban-daban siffofin, ciki har da sinadaran bangaren.
4. Da canji na jikuna a cikin Universe - taurari, da taurari, da taurari.

Organic yanayi. Yana hada da dukan matakai muhimmi a cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta:

1. Metabolism.
2. Rike gida da kwanciyar hankali, management da haifuwa a nazarin halittu da kuma sauran muhalli tsarin.
3. Da dangantakar da nazarin halittu tsarin da yanayi.
4. Tafiyar matakai nazarin halittu yanayi, abin da ke faruwa a cikin jiki da kuma bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da adana abubuwa masu rai.
5. A matakai na nazarin halittu yanayi da inji nau'i na tashin faruwa a muhalli tsarin, da kuma kayyade wuri na nucleation da kuma dukan abubuwa masu rai.

Social form. Yana hada da:

1. Yadda ya dace da al'umma.
2. The mafi girma mataki na canji da kuma tunani Properties na gaskiya.

A mafi nagartaccen siffofin kawar da abu samu daga ƙananan kuma hada da su canji. Duk da haka, ko da yake da dangantaka da kuma sakamako, mafi girma siffofin su ne gaba daya daban-daban daga low.

Bukatar samun ilmi game da yanayin dangantakar da ke shibtarsu da sha'awar sanin gaskiya jigon da duniya, da manyan bayyananen, kazalika da gudanar da inji.

Nau'in na motsi na al'amarin

A cikin falsafa koyarwar zama ba kawai na asali siffofin al'amari a tashin, amma kuma ta irin. Akwai da wadannan rarrabuwa na iri:

1. Bisa ga yawan. Yana wakiltar motsi na kwayoyin halitta a sararin samaniya tare da cikakken adana dũkiyarsu da kuma halaye.
2. Quality. Rushewa daga wani abu - har sai da cikakken rushe a kan kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin - a hira da wani mabanbanta irin kayan da sabon Properties.

Nau'i na biyu na motsi yana da biyu subgroups:

1. A tsauri motsi a cikin sarari. Wannan tsari na adanar da juriya na abu to babu waje canje-canje ko da bayan wani dogon lokaci. Bugu da kari, a nan shi ne mai yiwuwa a gudanar da wani haske abubuwa reincarnation jihohi a mafi hadaddun da nagartaccen. Alal misali, wannan ya faru a cikin haihuwa da kuma ci gaba na taurari, ko da jerin a wani matakin kwayoyin halitta.
2. A yawan jama'a. Kai tsaye daura da tsauri yunkuri na sabon abu. Yana characterizes da motsi na wannan irin ingancin da sauran tare da cikakken canji na matakan da kungiyar. Don wadanda sun hada da dabba ba a kanta Tsarin zuwa inorganic ko Organic asalin mutum rayuwa.

Regressive, m warewa da kuma motsi na al'amarin

Asalinsu gane kamar mulki daga jiki yanki zuwa wani, da motsi / raya kan lokaci, nau'i na tashin aka fassara yawa sarari - a matsayin sinadaran dauki, gaban tafiyar matakai a halitta mai rai da ta al'umma a cikin al'umma.

Duk da haka, da janar rarrabuwa da abu kamar yadda wani nau'in bayyana sabon gaba daya nau'i na tashin - a cikin shugabanci na:

1. Progressiveness, watau, m motsi sama.
2. Regressive, cewa shi ne, wani m koma asalin jiha.
3. Kadaici. Wato, da m motsi na rufaffiyar kewaye. Duk da haka, an tabbatar da cewa wannan tsari ba shi da wani ma'ana, sabili da haka ba shi da wani hakkin ya wanzu: babu mataki ba za a iya sanya daidai da wannan hanya da kuma tare da koma wurin farawa.

trends a falsafar

Masana kimiyya a duniya, a tsakiyar zamanai aka jayayya game da yadda da yawa duniya ta fara wani tushe, a kan wanda ya dogara da fitowan na Concepts kamar sarari, lokaci, nau'i na motsi. Biyu sansani da aka kafa a lokacin da shawara:

1. Akwai kawai monism, cewa shi ne guda masomin dukan harsãshensa na zaman lafiya.
2. Akwai da dama ka'idojin, watau. E. Dualism.

Duk da haka, akwai wani ɓangare na uku. Wadannan masana kimiyya suna gaba daya ƙaryata, kuma kome, idealism kuma ta akan ga wani ba a sani ba "uku line" - shugabanci da cewa yana da wani dangantaka zuwa ko dai jari-hujja ko idealism. Wannan jarrabawa daga baya kuma sun soma da mafi kyau masana kimiyya, da masana falsafa da daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Duk da haka, shi ya illogical da haka unacceptable ga kisa: bisa ga ka'idar, duk da ci gaba kula zuwa idealism, kasancewa, a gaskiya, to su, amma kawai a rufe kanta form.

Vitalism matsayin ƙarin layi a kan tafi

Bugu da kari ga yankunan da aka jera a sama siffofin al'amari a tashin falsafa bambanta ma kamar vitalism, watau lamarinsa. A cewar shi, shi saukar da wani mabanbanta hanyar mutum: shi ne ba a cakuda kimiyyar lissafi da kuma sunadarai a general al'amarin, kuma wani abu da ciwon rai karfi - rai. Kamar yadda irin wannan shugabanci kamar yadda jari-hujja, wannan sabon abu za a iya bayyana a matsayin wani halitta aiwatar da canji na al'amarin, ta mika mulki daga wanda mataki zuwa wani tare da canji na ta halayyar Properties.

Har ila yau, ya bayyana cewa da mutum rai ne halin da sani. Yana wanzu ne kawai a lokacin da motsi ne saboda haka tushen ga dukan duniya. Sani bayyana da farko a matsayin bukatar samar da wani ƙarin tank don aiki na mutum bayanai. Fahimtar wannan al'amari na iya kai ga watsuwar sirrin ilimi a bangarori daban-daban.

A qa'ida ta hadin kai na duniya, da muhimmancin zamani kimiyya da falsafa zuwa baratar da shi

A dukan duniya - da dama mamaki, tafiyar matakai da kuma siffofin. Kowace daga cikin wadannan aka gyara na da sarari, da siffar da motsi na al'amari ne quite m. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kawai a gefe daya daga cikin falsafar rukunan. Idan ka dubi matsalar daga wani daban-daban kwana, za ka iya ganin duk hadin kan duniya, kafa tsakanin su wani indissoluble bond. Yana da wannan jam'iyya da ake kira da manufa na hadin kai.

A wannan manufa ya shafi cikin wannan kimiyya a matsayin kimiyya. A cewar ta, duk duniya ne juna, da kuma kaiwa zuwa fitowan da tushen sabon mamaki da kuma al'amura. Ga 'yan misalai:

1. The hadin kai na basamaniyai a cikin hasken rana tsarin ya kai ga haihuwar da taurari a sararin samaniya.
2. Duk da dokokin da kiyayewa da makamashi da kuma motsi a cikin sarari - shi ne wani nau'i na matsala a motsi.
3. The hadin kai da sinadaran abubuwa da ya kai ga halittar Dmitriem Mendeleevym tebur.
4. The mutuncin wani babban yawan rai yadudduka da gudummawar da ci gaban Charles Darwin ka'idar a kan The Origin of Species.

Duk wannan sake tabbatar da hadin kai na duniya a matsayin mahada na farko barbashi muhimman hakkokin hulda. Saboda haka, al'amarin, cikin irin ta ƙungiyoyi da kuma zama ne mafi hadaddun, zurfi ra'ayi fiye da zai iya ze farko duba. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa ban sha'awa na masana kimiyya da wannan sabon abu ya ci gaba da unabated for baya ƙarni da dama.