Homer: short biography da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Homer, wanda biography yanzu sha'awar da yawa - da farko mawãƙi na zamanin d Girka, waɗanda ayyukansu suka tsira. Yau, ya an dauki daya daga Turai ta mafi kyau kasida. Duk da haka, a kan Homer babu abin dogara bayanai a can. Duk da haka, za mu yi kokarin mayar da akalla a general sharuddan, ya biography, dangane da samuwa bayanai.

Abin da ya aikata Homer sunan?

Sunan "Homer" da aka farko da aka ambata a cikin 7th karni. BC. e. An sa'an nan ya kira Kallin Efessky kamar yadda mahaliccin "Thebaid". Darajar da sunan yi kokarin bayyana a cikin kwanaki na tsufa. Mun bayar da wadannan zažužžukan: "makafi" (Ephorus), "Bi" (Aristotle), "garkuwa da su" (Gesihy). Duk da haka, da zamani masu bincike yi imani da cewa su ne kawai a matsayin unconvincing a matsayin tsari na wasu masana kimiyya siffantãwa shi da ma'anar "accompanist" ko "slagatel". Lalle ne da kalmar ne ainihin mutum sunan a ionic form.

Inda zan zo daga Homer?

Biography of mawãƙi iya kawai a kerata hypothetically. Wannan ya shafi har zuwa wurin haihuwar Homer, wanda shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba. Bakwai birane sun yi jihãdi ga dama su zama haifuwa: Chios, Smyrna, Salamis, Colophon, Argos, Rhodes, Athens. Shi ne wata ila cewa "Odyssey" da "Iliad" da aka halitta a kan Asiya Ƙananan tekun na Girka, wanda aka zaune a lokacin da Ionian kabilu. Kuma watakila wadannan kasidu da aka hada a wasu daga cikin kewaye tsibirin. Homeric yare, duk da haka, ba su ba da wani takamaiman bayani game da abin da kabilar mallakar Homer, wanda biography ya rage wani asiri. Shi ne mai hade Aeolian ionic yaruka da Girkanci. Wasu masu bincike bayar da shawarar cewa shi ne wani nau'i na kafa dogon kafin Homer ta poetic koine.

ko Homer makaho?

Homer - Greek mawãƙi, wanda biography da aka kerata da yawa, kama daga zamanin da zuwa yau. An sani cewa ya gargajiyance wanda aka nuna makafi. Duk da haka, mafi m, yana da ra'ayin shi ne sake farfado da hankula Genre na zamanin d biography, kuma ba bisa real facts game Homer. Tun da yawa almara mawaƙa, da annabawa kasance makãho (musamman, Tiresias), bisa ga dabaru na tsufa, haxe da poetic da kuma annabci kyauta, da zato cewa Homer makaho ne, ya zama kamar ma plausible.

Homer shekaru na rayuwa

Tsoho chronographs kuma suka sãɓã wa jũna a kayyade lokaci a lokacin da Homer rayu. A marubuci, wanda biography mu da damuwa, zai iya haifar da ayyukansu a shekaru daban-daban. Wasu yi imani da cewa shi ya kasance wani zamani daga cikin Trojan War, cewa shi ne, da suke zaune a cikin farkon 12th karni. BC. e. Duk da haka, Herodotus da'awar cewa Homer zauna a kusa da tsakiyar 9th karni. BC. e. Masana kimiyya na yau ne karkata zuwa nema da ayyukan 8th ko 7th karni BC. e. A lokaci guda kamar yadda babban rai sarari yana nuna Chios ko wani yankin na Ionia, located a kan tekun na Asiya Ƙananan.

Homer kerawa

Homer a tsufa, sai dai "The Odyssey" da "Iliad", a sakamakon marubucin da kuma da dama wasu waqe. Don wannan rana kiyaye da wani ɓaɓɓake daga dama daga gare su. Yau, duk da haka, an yi imani da cewa su aka rubuta by marubucin, wanda ya rayu daga baya fiye da Homer. Wannan shi ne wani comic waka "Margaret", "Homeric Waƙar" da sauransu.

A bayyane yake, "Odyssey" da "Iliad" da aka rubuta dogon bayan abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana a cikin wadannan ayyuka. Duk da haka ga halittarsu ba za a iya kwanan rana ba a baya fiye da 6th karni BC. e., lokacin da su zama da aka dogara rubuta. Saboda haka, Homer rayuwa za a iya dangana ga lokaci daga 12 zuwa 7 karni BC. e. Duk da haka, da latest kwanan wata ne mafi m.

A duel tsakanin Hesiod da Homer

Me kuma za ka iya gaya mana game da wannan babban waƙen, Homer? Biography yara yawanci omits wannan batu, duk da haka, akwai wani hadisi daga poetic duel gudanar tsakanin Hesiod da Homer. Yana da aka bayyana a cikin littafin, ba daga baya fiye da 3 a cikin halitta. BC. e. (Kuma wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa da yawa a baya). Shi ke kira "Contest of Homer da Hesiod." Yana gaya cewa idan kasida hadu a wasanni a cikin girmamawa Amfidema gudanar a ranar game. Euboea. Ga su karanta su mafi kyau waqe. A alkali a gasar ta ga sarki a Paneda. A nasara da aka bayar da su Hesiod, saboda ya yi kira ga zaman lafiya da kuma noma, ba su yanka da kuma yaki. Duk da haka, shi ne a gefen Homer su ne masu sauraro juyayi.

Historicity "Odyssey" da "Iliad"

A kimiyya, a tsakiyar karni na 19th ra'ayin rinjaye cewa "Odyssey" da "Iliad" - unhistorical aiki. Duk da haka, ta kãfirta da tono Genriha Shlimana, wanda ya ciyar a Mycenae da kuma a kan tudun Hissarlik a 1870-80-ies. A sa mamaki samu na archaeologists tabbatar da cewa Mycenae, Troy da Achaean kagara wanzu a gaskiya. Sahaban da aka buga da Jamus masanin kimiyya sami ta rubutu a cikin 4th alfarwa kabarin, located in Mykonos, sanya Homer kwatancin. Daga baya, kasar Masar da kuma Bahitte takardun, wanda za a iya gano a layi daya zuwa ga abubuwan da suka faru na Trojan War aka samu. A yawa bayanai game da ayyuka na waqoqi ba su lokaci deciphering da Mycenaean syllabic rubuce. Duk da haka, wadannan ayyukan Homer da samuwa shirin gaskiya da kuma archaeological kafofin suna da alaka a wani hadadden hanyar da ba zai iya haka a yi amfani da uncritically. Gaskiyar cewa a cikin hadisin da irin wannan manyan murdiya na tarihi data kamata faruwa.

Homer da kuma tsarin ilimin, kwaikwayo na Homer

A Girkanci tsarin ilimi, wanda aka kafa ta ƙarshen gargajiya zamanin, ya ginu ne kan wani binciken na kerawa Homer. Ya waka haddace duk ko a ɓangare, a kan batutuwa da suka kasance dadi tare da karatun, da sauransu. D. Daga baya, Roma aro wannan tsarin. A nan, daga cikin 1st karni BC. e. Homer aka maye gurbinsu da Virgil. Manyan gekzametricheskie waqe da aka halitta a cikin Postclassic zamanin a cikin yare na zamanin d Girkanci marubucin, kazalika da gasar ko a kwaikwayo na "Odyssey" da "Iliad". Kamar yadda ka gani, mutane da yawa sha'awar kerawa da kuma biography na Homer. Brief abun ciki na ayyukan da ya zama tushen ayyukan mawallafa, da dama da suka rayu a zamanin d Roma. Daga cikin su an rubuta ta Afaloni na Rhodes 'Argonautica ", samfurin na Nonna Panopolitanskogo" The Kasadar Dionysus "da kuma Quintus na Smyrna" Poslegomerovskie events. " Fahimtar da abũbuwan amfãni daga Homer da sauran kasida na zamanin d Girka da ta guji samar da wani babban almara form. Sun yi imani da cewa m kammala za a iya cimma kawai a cikin wani karamin aiki.

Homer tasiri a kan adabi na kasashe daban-daban

A Roman adabi, na farko tsira ayyukansu (ko fragmentary) ya fassarar "The Odyssey". Na sanya shi a Greek Liviy Andronik. Lura da cewa babban aikin wallafe-wallafe na Ancient Roma - da "Aeneid" Virgil - a cikin na farko shida littattafai ne kwaikwayo na "Odyssey", da kuma a baya shida - "Iliad." A kusan dukan ayyukan tsufa, za ka iya gane yanayin rinjayar waqe cewa halitta Homer.

Biography da aikin sha'awar shi, da kuma Rumawa. A cikin wannan kasar, Homer a hankali karatu. Don kwanan wata, da dama, na Byzantine rubuce-rubucen da ya waqe da aka samu. Domin ayyukan tsufa, shi ne unprecedented. Haka kuma, masana kimiyya sun halitta a Byzantine sharhin da scholia zuwa Homer, harhada kuma rubuce ya waqe. Bakwai kundin daukan Comment Archbishop Eustache su. Greek rubuce-rubuce a karshe shekaru na Byzantine Empire, sa'an nan bayan da hadarin ya zo da West. Saboda haka shi aka sake gano Homer Renaissance zamanin.

Short biography na mawãƙi, halitta da mu, ya fita warware matsalar da yawa tambayoyi. Dukan su tare dokoki da Homeric Tambaya. Yadda za a magance ta daban-daban masu bincike? Bari mu fuskanci shi.

Homeric tambaya

Har yanzu dacewa Homeric Tambaya. Wannan sa na al'amurran da suka shafi cewa dangantaka da marubucinsa "The Odyssey" da "Iliad", kazalika da da hali na da mahalicci. Mutane da yawa pluralists, masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wadannan waqe ba su ba, a cikin hanyar halittun Homer, wanda, kamar yadda da yawa suka yi ĩmãni, bai wanzu ba. Sun dangana halittar 6 karni BC. e. Wadannan masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa akwai kasidu da aka halitta, mai yiwuwa a Athens, a lokacin da songs of daban-daban mawallafa, mika sauka daga tsara zuwa tsara, an taru da kuma rubuce a cikin rubuce-rubuce. Unitarians, a akasin haka, kare da compositional hadin kai na Homer ta ayyukansu, ya kuma inganta musamman da suka bambanta su mahalicci.

Homer

Epics na zamanin d Girkanci marubucin - baiwa, m ayyukan art. Don ƙarni, ba su rasa da zurfin ma'anan da kuma dacewar. Stories, kuma daya waka da wani dauka daga cikin Multi-faceted kuma m sake zagayowar na Legends tafiyad da Trojan War. "The Odyssey" da "Iliad" wakiltar kawai karamin episode a cikin wannan jerin. A takaice fahince wadannan kayayyakin, da kammala mu labarin game da wannan mutum mai girma, kamar Homer. Mawãƙi, short biography cewa da aka tattauna, Ya halitta a gaske musamman samfurin.

"Iliad"

Yana magana game da abubuwan da suka faru na 10th shekara na Trojan War. The waka ƙare da mutuwar da jana'izar babban Trojan warrior Hector. Game da kara aukuwa na yaki bai gaya zamanin d Girkanci mawãƙi Homer, wanda short biography gabatar a sama.

War - babban thread na waka, babban kashi na xabi'unsa. Wata alama da aikin ne da cewa yaƙin ne wanda aka nuna kullum ba kamar yadda na jini fadace-fadace talakawa, da kuma yakin mutum haruffa wanda ya nuna kwarai ƙarfi, ƙarfin hali, fasaha da kuma jimiri. Daga cikin yãki za a iya gano key duel na Achilles da Hector. Martial Diomedes Agamemnon da aka bayyana a Menelaüs kasa jaruntakar da expressiveness. Very mai haske a cikin "Iliad" wanda aka nuna da halaye, hadisai da kuma halin kirki al'amurran rayuwa, dabi'u da kuma rayuwa na zamanin d Helenawa.

"The Odyssey"

Za mu iya cewa da samfurin shi ne mafi hadaddun fiye da "Iliad." A da shi mu sami mai yawa siffofin, wanda wannan rana aka bincika daga ra'ayi na wallafe-wallafe. A wannan almara waka yafi yayi magana dawo zuwa Ithaca bayan da Trojan War, Odysseus aka kammala.

A ƙarshe, da ayyukan Homer - wata taska trove na hikima na zamanin d Girka mutane. Abin da sauran facts iya zama ban sha'awa ga irin wannan mutum a matsayin Homer? Short biography ga yara da kuma manya sau da yawa ya ƙunshi bayanin cewa an baka bayar da labarun baka, cewa ba mallakar wani harafi. Duk da haka, duk da wannan, ya waqe ne na high fasaha da kuma poetic dabara, sun sami hadin kai. "The Odyssey" da "Iliad" da halayyar fasali, daya daga wanda yake shi ne wani almara style. Shekaru sautin na labari, unhurried fayyace objectivity cikakken image, m mãkirci ci gaba - Waɗannan su ne halayyar fasali na ayyukan da ya halitta Homer. Short biography na mawãƙi, da bege da ya janyo ku sha'awa a cikin aikinsa.