HPP - a ... Shushenskaya HPP

HPP - wani makaman gina a kan kogin domin manufar makamashi hira da shi a cikin wutar lantarki. Daya daga cikin manyan Tsarin hydroelectric ikon shuke-shuke a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne wani dam da tubalan da tashar.

Ta yaya HPP

Hydroelectric iko tashoshin - shi ne ko da yaushe da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin jihar abu, a cikin wasu abubuwa, kuma wata alama ce da masana'antu ci gaba. Amma, duk da monumental, irin manyan sikelin-wuraren ne in mun gwada sauki aiki manufa.

Da farko, da ruwa kawota ga hydro injin turbin ruwan wukake saka a cikin engine dakin. karshe rotational makamashi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa janareto. Generated da wutar lantarki da aka kawota ga tsarin wutan lantarki a yankin.

Dalili na wani halayyar da HPP ne, ba shakka, da iko. Wannan factor, bi da bi, ya dogara da yawan traversed ta cikin ruwa injin turbin da ta matsa lamba. A mafi karshen adadi, da hakan Dam tashar.

iri na shuke-shuke

Saboda haka, HPP - wani gagarumin sikelin da makaman da ake gina a kan kogin. A halin yanzu a duniya akwai kawai biyu main iri hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke:

• dams.

• ɓarauniyar hanya.

A karshen harka, don samar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da ruwa matsa lamba a cikin reshe bututu ko rami. Gina shagala HPP yawanci a kan dutsen ba ma fadi da kõguna da karfi igiyoyin.

Abubuwa saba HPP yi

Bugu da kari ga dam, da gina hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke da ake gina, da kuma irin Tsarin kamar:

• powerhouse.
• mashigar.
• sudopriemniki da kifi tsani.
• ruwa sallama na'urar.
• jin.

Ginin da aka located HPP inji zauren tare da turbines da kuma janareto.

Mene ne derivational tashar

Wannan samar da wutar lantarki shuka - wannan shi ne na musamman abu cewa ne ko da yaushe gina a kan layi tare da wani m gangara. The ruwa a waɗannan kõguna sunã gudãna a karkashin wani karfi matsa lamba a wani halitta hanya, don haka ba da dam a cikin wannan hali ne, ba wajibi. Flow a irin wannan HPS da dama kai tsaye zuwa cikin babban gini ga turbines. Tafki ne yawanci halitta, amma da wuri a mafi yawan lokuta su ne kadan. Dole kududdufai a hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke na da irin wannan musamman ga daidaitawa da ya kwarara.

Abin da HPS ne a Rasha?

Hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke gina a Rasha, ba shakka, mai yawa. Mafi yawan waɗannan ayyuka tun Soviet sau. The sosai farko samar da wutar lantarki shuka gina a kan ƙasa na kasar mu, ya zama Zyryanskaya. Gina wannan makaman a Tsarist Rasha a 1892. Sai ya zama kananan tashar samar da wutar lantarki da wani gida kwal nawa magudanun ruwa nawa.

A lokacin Soviet lokacin da gwamnati ta soma wani shiri duniya GOERLO inda 10-15 shekaru, kasar ya kamata ya gina wani hydroelectric iko tashar da duka damar zuwa 21.254 dubu. L / s. Don kwanan wata, mafi muhimmanci hydroelectric ikon shuke-shuke a cikin Rasha Federation ne:

• Sayano-Shushenskaya (Sayanogorsk) da damar 6.4 Gv.
• Krasnoyarskaya (Divnogorsk) - 6 Gv.
• Bratskaya (Bratsk) - 4,52 Gv.
• Ust-Ilminsky - 3,84 Gv.
• Boguchinskaya (Kodinsk) - 3 Gv.
• Zhigulevskaya - 2.4 Ts.
• Bureyskaya - 2,01 Gv.
• Cheboksarskaya (Novocheboksarsk) - 1.4 Gv.
• Saratov (Balakovo) - 1,38 Gv.
• Zeyskaya (Zea) - 1,33 Gv.

Har ila yau, a isasshe manyan abu ne Nizhnekamskaya HPP (Naberezhnye Chelny). Ikon wannan tashar ne 1.25 Ts. Owner ne JSC "Generation Company" da "Tatenergo". Gina tashar a kan Kama River.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP: Tarihi

Yana da wannan hydroelectric iko tashar, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Yenisei cascade, ne da nisa mafi girma a kasar. A kowace shekara shi samar da wani talakawan na game 23.5 biliyan kWh / h da wutar lantarki. An yi shawarar da gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet a kan yi na Sayano-Shushenskaya ikon tashar a shekarar 1961. Kada aiki a kan ta yi ya fara a 1968. A shekarar 1978, da Sayano-Shushenskaya dam da aka cika. Hukumance, da gina tashar da aka kammala kawai a 2000.

Gina hydroelectric iko tashar tare, da rashin alheri, ciki har da dukan wahala. A lokacin yi sau da yawa halakar spillway, kuma Dam kafa fasa. Qarshe, duk da haka, kuna hukunta da rahotanni na baya shekaru, duk wadannan al'amurra da aka samu nasarar warware.

halaye tashar

Located Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko tashar kusa da kauyen na Cheryomushki kusa Sayanogorsk a kan Yenisei River. A halin yanzu, shi ne yafi ginin an saita zuwa 10 raka'a, kowane ikon 640 MW. A aiki, yayin da rashin alheri, akwai kawai 8 raka'a. Turbines a kan wannan tashar kafa sosai iko iri RO-230 / 833-0-677, da ke aiki a wani rated kai 194 mita. A tsawo daga cikin HPP dam ne 245 m. A yankin kafa ta yi da tafki tashar ne 621 km ^2.

A lokacin shiri na da ikon shuka da aka cika da ruwa, a total na 35.600 kadada na ƙasar noma. A daidai wannan lokaci shi yana zuwa da za a dage a matsayin 2717 daban-daban na gine-gine. The ruwa a tafki HPP siffofi da mai kyau quality, don haka a kasa na gaba 'yan gonaki kwarewa a samar da kifi da aka shirya. Tafki ne located Sayano-Shushenskaya tashar lokaci guda a cikin uku yankuna: Khakassia, Tuva da Krasnoyarsk Abuja. A ta bankuna, a cikin wasu abubuwa, abubuwa da Sayano-Shushenskaya Muciya Reserve.

A hatsari a Shushenskaya HPP 2009

A farkon karni a Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric iko tashar akwai wani sosai tsanani hadarin da ya kashe 75 mutane. 17 ga watan Agusta, 2009 a cikin injin turbin zauren na babban gini a sakamakon lalacewar da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar na biyu kuwa akwai wani babban saki na ruwa daga cikin injin turbin. Pouring rafi m qazanta ginshikan ginin da kuma lalace da kayan aiki shigar da shi. A sakamakon ruwa ingress a wasu hydroelectric janareto ne daga oda, da kuma a cikin sãshe, kuma duk an hallaka su. Duk fasaha da tsarin located kasa 327, da aka cika da ruwa.

Gusar da sakamakon da hadarin da farko ya tilasta wa tashar ma'aikata. Sun daga baya da hannu kwangila. A kusa da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kwa'di kwararru dauki game 9 hours da minti 20. Ruwa inflow a cikin engine dakin da aka tsaya. A general, da aiki don kawar da sakamakon da hadarin ya samu halartar 2.7 dubu. Mutane kuma a kan 200 guda na kayan aiki. Don hana ruwa daga shiga zauren ya gina wani barrage yi, jimlar tsawon aka 9683 mita.