Ina ajiye na tsakiya Black Duniya?

Reserve Tsakiya Black Duniya - daya daga cikin mafi girma a Turai na Rasha. An located a cikin Kursk yankin. Yana Bears sunan farfesa Vasiliya Alehina.

tarihi ajiye

Reserve Tsakiya Black Duniya da aka located a cikin yankuna da cewa a cikin marigayi 1st - farkon 2nd Millennium aka shagaltar da steppes, ravines da kuma rufe da gandun daji. A waɗannan kwanaki, a kan site na zamani Kursk yankin grazed saiga, Kulan da kuma yawon shakatawa. Ya rayu a wani dubun na daban-daban hakori. Nested manyan tsuntsaye kamar Little Bustard da Great Bustard.

Mutanen da suka rayu a wadannan wurare, a karkashin matsin lamba daga duka biyu sarkin ta retinue, da kuma a kan wani ɓangare na makiyaya. By XVI karni da babban zama na mazaunan Kursk ya noma. Bugu da kari, birnin a lokacin da aka a kudancin kan iyakar da Rasha jihar. Saboda haka, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci na ya kare wadannan iyakoki.

Don jimre da matsalolin da kai hare-hare na Crimean Tatars, da yan unguwa sami ikon, saboda haka, ka bauta wa a cikin Kursk ya zama rayayye da hannu a cikin Don da Cossacks, suka amsa kamar yadda masu gadi a zahiri ba. Bauta a nan a lokacin da Gunners kuma maharba.

Daga qarshe, da yawa daga cikinsu zauna a wadannan wurare. Duniya a Kursk aka mika su ga hay da dabbõbin. Saboda wannan shi ya tsira untilled tanada steppe, wanda a yau da aka sani ga Tsakiya Black Kasar gona ajiye madadin Alekhine.

Samuwar gida yanayi

Wadannan wurare ne a farkon karni XX a hankali karatu farfesa Alekhin, sunansa yau ne ajiye Tsakiya Black Duniya. Bisa ga bincike, a karshe uku ko hudu ƙarni a waɗannan ƙasashe ciyayi kafa karkashin tasiri kai tsaye na yau da kullum mowing da dabbõbin. Kuma sau da yawa wannan ke faruwa a ƙasa na gandun daji yankunan.

A Musketeers na steppe grasslands da kuma cike da koyaswa bayyana spring da kaka makiyaya. Sau da yawa yan unguwa amfani da tsoratar game lokacin da lalata da ƙasa ɓawon burodi, ya hallaka weeds da kuma kare ƙasar daga fari.

Don makiyaya sun aukaka aiyuka gõbara. Shi ne a cikin wannan hanya sami Kursk steppe Vasiliy Alehin, a lokacin da na zo nan, a 1907. A lokacin da yake har yanzu a bara na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar.

A binciken da na gida yanayi Alekhine

Alekhine fara rayayye gano wuraren da daga baya ya zama da aka sani da ajiye na tsakiya Black gona. The masanin kimiyya fara nutsu da su zuwa ga littafin a reputable mujallolin. Saboda haka, da ya fara labarin game da wannan wuri da aka kira "Shaci na ciyayi da kuma ta sauka a hankali canji a yankin Streletskaya steppe kusa Kursk." A 1910, ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, kuma Cossack Steppe, karatu su a shekara daga baya.

A shekara ta 1925, Farfesa Vladimir Khitrovo sani sayad da geobotanist, da aka buga littafin "Flora na da Oryol lardin." Gaskiyar cewa daga baya wadannan yankuna an kuma hada a Jamhuriyar Black Kasar gona ajiye madadin Alekhine. Aikinsa aiki a matsayin mai kyau ga kayan aiki Alekhine a kara karatu.

A wannan Alekhine a shekarar 1925 a karon farko tãyar da bukatar nan da nan gabatar da wani ban a kan yin amfani da wadannan shafuka domin adana su halitta mutunci. Soviet gwamnatin daidai shekaru 10 ya yanke shawarar cewa yankuna halitta Tsakiya Chernozem Jihar Nature Muciya Reserve.

The ajiye ƙasa

Resolution a kan kafa na ajiye dauki presidium na tsakiya kwamitin zartarwa. Jamhuriyar Chernozem Muciya Reserve ya ɗauki ƙasa, sunã daidaita da fiye da 4.5 dubu kadada.

Da farko, da aiki da tsare ruwan tekun Atlantika steppe yankunan a tare da iri daban-daban na gandun daji da aka sa kafin gwamnati na ajiye. Manufar wannan - ara nazarin tafiyar matakai na samuwar humus a yankin, kazalika da da hadadden dangantaka matakan da gandun daji. Har ila yau, masana kimiyyar sha'awar rinjayar gandun daji domin magance fari karatu, inda mafi kyau a tsakiya da arewacin kasar Rasha zuwa noma.

A 1971 ya kafa wata tsaro sashi daga cikin ajiye. Kuma a 1988 aka bita da kuma fadada uku kilomita. A halin yanzu, da Jamhuriyar Black Duniya jihar ajiye maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 28,5 dubu kadada.

Tamanin da gida halitta dũkiya auna ba kawai a Rasha. Jamhuriyar Black Kasar gona ajiye su. Alekhine yana AZ takardar shaidar.

yanzu jiha

Wannan ajiye kasance daya daga cikin na farko biosphere reserves bayyana a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Inda za ka iya tsayar da nazarin halitta ba shakka na daban-daban matakai a cikin gidaje na makiyaya-steppe budurwa ƙasar.

Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa rinjayar ayyukan mutane a kan wadannan tsarin. Reserve Administration yau tasowa ayyuka da cewa taimaka don kula da mayar da 'yan qasar na halitta al'ummomi.

Daya daga cikin key batutuwa na nazari a cikin wannan ajiye - black duniya. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a zamaninmu baki ƙasa, wanda bai yi ba tukuna an hõre noma - wani musamman rare sabon abu. Su suna dauke da wani nasa tarihin da za a iya karatu a tantance su da tasiri a kan zamani noma. Tun shekarar 1975, Central Chernozem jihar halitta ajiye aka kai a kai amfani ga gwaji na zamani da fasahar harbi na halitta abubuwa da kumbon sama jannati.

The halitta arziki na ajiye

Kamar dukan reserves na tsakiya Black Duniya yankin, shi yana da arziki ƙwarai fauna. Yana hadawa arewacin da kuma makiyaya steppes, kazalika da itatuwan oak.

Masu bincike sun kidaya a karkararta na fiye da dubu da ɗari biyu da kuma jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke, ciki har da rare har ma da Red. Aƙalla 86 jinsunan shuke-shuke suna barazana tare da nau'i nau'i, don haka su kariya ne musamman muhimmanci da kuma muhimmanci.

Game 25 kadada bautar wani relict ciyayi. An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halitta mulkin Reserve taka irin wannan Evergreen shrub, Daphne matsayin alade. A ko'ina cikin ƙasa daga cikin tsibiran za a iya samu steppe ciyayi tare da bambancin rayuwa siffofin. Akwai kawai naman kaza-macromycetes akwai game da 200 jinsunan. Za su iya ko da za a gani da ido tsirara.

dabba duniya

Rich da fauna na ajiye mazauna. Yana gida nau'in da suke da fiye da na kowa, a yankunan na halitta snow. Alal misali, akwai game da 50 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

35 nau'in kifi, 10 - halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da kuma 5 - dabbobi masu rarrafe. Kusan 200 jinsunan gizo-gizo, wasu daga wanda zaune a cikin steppe yankunan da ajiye, da kuma sauran - a cikin gandun daji gefuna. Nan za ka iya saduwa da kusan dubu huɗu jinsunan kwari.

A 'yan qasar na Kursk Reserve - barewa. Yana da girman kai da kuma ziyartar katin na Kursk yankin. Roe deer samu ne kawai a wasu yankunan na wannan halitta yankin. Akwai kuma rayuwa dabbare-dabbare ƙasa kurege, zomo, badgers, martens, Foxes. Mutane da yawa ungulates, musamman daji Boars cewa an rayayye karbe karkashin kariya ta mutum kuma saboda da ban a kan farauta a cikin ajiye. Duk da haka, a lokacin da suka damemu da na halitta balance, su yawan yana zuwa tsara wani mutum. Hakazalika, suka zo daga Wolves, da cewa su ne a kare gandun daji lafiya tsari.

Tsuntsaye a Kursk ajiye

Fiye da 220 jinsunan tsuntsaye rayuwa a kan gona wajen kadada cewa yin up da Kurdish Reserve. Yana gida game da 80% na dukkan tsuntsaye da suke zaune a cikin Kursk yankin. Daga cikin wadannan, game da 90 jinsin gida a nan.

A manyan yawan live partridges da tattabaru dõminku, wanda tura mutane daga sauran yankunan, inda ya fara rayayye ci gaba da aikin noma. Tashi da dama, kilomita kuma tsattsewa swifts. A wadannan wurare sun sami tsari da kuma abinci.

A cikin watan Yuni, a kusan kowane mataki za ka iya ji da trill shahara Kursk nightingales, wanda ko ke e songs da ballads. A cikin matakan da tsarkakewa larks tashi, sau da yawa samu Angulaye, shaho, kuma buzzards.

Ga shi raye, yake kuma rare tsuntsu na ganima - Amai ungulu daga domin Falconiformes.

kimiyya da bincike

The ajiye gudanar da wani babban yawan masana kimiyya suka tsunduma a daban-daban da bincike. Babban taken mafi na bincike ne alaka da kallo, kuma nazari na halitta tafiyar matakai. Wannan ya hada da sa ido na weather, ƙasa, ƙasa, Flora da fauna, dukan dabba mulkin. Tara da kuma kula da kalanda yanayi.

A lokacin da shekaru bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta ruguje Kursk masu bincike sun yi aiki ba kasa m fiye da a Soviet sau. Fiye da 30 da bincike ayyukan da aka ɓullo da. Ga aka kai a kai da aka gudanar yi na daliban jami'a, ba kawai daga Rasha. Akuma matasa masana kimiyya daga Austria, Sweden da kuma Switzerland. Su ne kuma sha'awar a cikin matsalar da baki ƙasa a tsakiyar rariya.

The Red littafin

Zai yiwu mafi muhimmanci nasara da masu bincike - edition na Red Littafi na Kursk yankin. Da shi shi ne sakamakon shekaru masu yawa na aikin da dubun expeditions. A littafin ya nuna duk da nazarin halittu bambancin da cewa za a iya samu a yankin na ajiye.

A zamanin yau, aikin ya ci gaba. Reserve Yanzu ma'aikata aiki a kan wani sabon edition na Red Littãfi, wadda za ta hada da sabon kayan da gudanar da bincike. A kai a kai da aka buga kimiyya da kuma m tarin "Nazarin a cikin Red Data Littafi na Kursk yankin."

Da aka buga musamman monograph kishin rare jinsunan tsuntsaye na Kursk yankin.

Eco-yawon shakatawa

A Kursk Reserve ne rayayye tasowa aiyukan-yawon shakatawa. A kowace shekara shi ne ziyarci ta game da 3 da rabi da dubu baƙi. Domin su, akwai mutane da yawa ban sha'awa da kuma musamman abubuwa.

Da fari dai, shi ne gidan kayan gargajiya na halitta. Yana gabatar da wasu 250 farfado. Akwai na kowa dakin, wanda ya gaya game da tarihin halitta na ajiye, da mutanen da suka tsaya a ta source, kazalika ya bayyana, ƙasar da aka raba. A karo na biyu dakin za ka iya samun matsahi na saba da peculiarities na gida sauyin yanayi da kuma kasa. The uku gabatar da dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. A karo na hudu dakin kẽɓantacce ne ga ajiye samar kimiyya takardunku kuma monographs.

Na biyu, za ka iya tafiya tare da muhalli hanyoyi. Yawon bude ido za su iya ziyarci "Streletskaya mataki" ko "mai alfarma ɗan kurmi".

Na uku, a can ne ma su tarihi da kuma al'adu jan hankali. Wadannan sun hada da dutse sassaka XI karni, wanda ake kira da "dutse mace". Kuma duk da haka dubban mutummutumai da ya faru na wanda masana tarihi nema a mayar da 17th karni. Waɗannan mutummutumai da aka sanya a kan tsaka-tsaki don nuna shugabanci na hanyar. "Stone mata" an dauke gumãkanku, bauta wa, kuma miƙa hadaya da kakanninmu.