Jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa": model, photo, aikin kima, lalacewa, inda?

A yau shi ne wuya a sami wani wanda ya sani game da Rasha-Japanese War of wani abu. Duk da haka, wasu vaguely tuna kawancen na Port Arthur, amma wannan ilmi yawa ana kawo karshen.

Kuma a banza, domin cewa yaki - mafi muhimmanci milestone na kasar mu, daya daga cikin manyan Sanadin Oktoba juyin juya halin, kamar yadda a cikin shakka daga tashin tabbatacce ƙayyade ko rashin iyawa na sarki da gwamnatin mayalwaci tantance waje da ciki barazanar, to dauki matakan da suka farkon kawar.

Daya daga cikin alamu na adawa zama (tare da Japan gefen) jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa". Japan har yanzu alfahari da wannan jirgin, ya halin yanzu abubuwa a matsayin wani iyo gidan kayan gargajiya.

Overview

A lokacin shiri na irin wannan jirgin ruwa na soja ya zama mafi iko da kuma tsanani m jirgin ruwa na soja na rãnã tanã bayyana, daya daga cikin mafi girma a jiragen ruwa na zamani. Ya na da hannu, a matsayin flagship na Admiral Togo, a cikin yaki tsakanin Rasha da kuma Japan. Ya halarci Port Arthur na abubuwan da suka faru a cikin Tsushima Battle. A lokacin farko World tsaron tekun na Japan. Yanzu jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" - a gidan kayan gargajiya dake a tashar jiragen ruwa na Yokosuka.

Wanda ya sa aka halicci?

A 1895, lokacin da Japan ci agrarian da baya da baya, kasar Sin, wanda shi ne gaba daya m ga duniya al'umma taron. A halin yanzu, kasar Japan har yanzu bai gamsu da nasu na sarki burinsu, da kuma muhimmiyar rawa da shi ya taka a cikin kasar. A karkashin matsin lamba daga Rasha Empire, suka yi daina kawo su hakkin su Manchuria, kamar yadda suke yi don yin karimcin da "kyau nufin", ba da baya kama Lushun (Port Arthur). Wannan ya fi mayar saboda gaskiyar cewa a Chefoo sa'an nan ya Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda sadarwa tare da Japan ba ya so ya.

Duk da haka, da Japan gwamnatin gane cewa har yanzu suna zuwa su yi yaƙi da Rasha, da nasara, shan la'akari da yawa abubuwan tamkar wasan kwaikwayo na fama ayyukan za su dogara a kan nasarar da ayyukan da rundunar (kazalika da kasancewa). A 1895, da Japan ya dauki Shipbuilding shirin shekaru 10, ya bada domin gina wani babban kuma na zamani rundunar fama.

yi

Tun da mafi Japan masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a lokacin bai gamsar da bukatun na wayewar, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" da aka gina a Birtaniya. Alhakin da zane na wani English m Makrou D. S. ga wani sabon abu, shi ya kasance ba ya ƙirƙira, amma kawai tushen masa lafiya da tabbatar Birtaniya battleships aji "Canopus". Ya "magabatansu" kuma shi ne "Mikasa". Jirgin ruwa na soja ne mai cancanta "magaji na da irin", mamaye duka biyu tabbatacce kuma korau tarnaƙi na Turanci aikin.

Bookmark da jirgin da aka za'ayi a Barrow masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa kamfanin Vickers (nan gaba tank manufacturer). Yana faru 24.01.1899 shekara. Ruwa gaba flagship na Japan jiragen ruwa da aka kaddamar 11.08.1900 shekara. A aiki da aka gabatar, da 01/03/1902. By cewa lokaci, mun an cikakke duk matakai na jihar gwaje-gwaje. The kudin na aikin ne ba daidai data, amma masana tarihi yi imani da cewa shi ne a kalla a fam miliyan, wanda a wancan lokaci a cikin "dollar m" daidaita miliyan hudu.

gidaje halaye

Babu daban-daban daga wadanda wasu tasoshin gina a lokacin 1895-1896 shekaru, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" ya zama wani classic wakilin jirgin-makaranta Sir William Genri Uayta.

Housing harhada daga karfe Shipbuilding premium, da tsarin za su kafa jiki Frames - mai gangara. Single-bene jirgin da aka gina da makirci, hanci blockage Frames ya quite kananan, amma a lokaci guda blockage amidships da aft daban-daban bayyana. Ciki da yanayin musamman watertight partitions aka shirya, ta hanyar abin da jirgin ya kasu kashi da dama kananan compartments. Sai suka ba ƙarin kwanciyar hankali ga jirgin ruwa a lamba tare da torpedoes.

A fasalin da armadillo dauke biyu allon da biyu kasa. A ƙãra makamai Layer ne tãyar da su a matakin bronepaluby. Na biyu bayãnin hukuncin siffa daga cikin baka na jirgin ya kara, wanda ya kamata ya zama a matsayin battering rago. Bugu da kari, armadillo "Mikasa" (photo daga gare aka nuna a cikin abu) yana mai pronounced aras babba bene. Kaikaice keels aka yi nufi ga dattako da jirgin a lokacin pitching.

The girman kai daga Birtaniya Shipbuilders wani bangare ne na Hartman Rahtien, wanda yake rufe karkashin ruwa ƙwanso. Yana hana fouling bawo, da inganta tafi ingancin gidaje, rage ja da ruwa.

Bayani dalla-dalla jiki makamai

M hijirar na jiki - fiye da 15 ton. Cikakken hijirar - 16 ton. Matsakaicin Length - 132 mita, tsakanin perpendiculars - 122 mita. A talakawan nisa na jiki - 24 mita, da talakawan zurfin - takwas mita.

Jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" sãɓã wa jũna daga sauran jiragen ruwa gina a Japan, da cewa ya yi wani yawa karami rata tsakanin Barbet 305-mm bindigogi. Wannan sa a cikin m, amma a lokaci guda, da irin wannan zane yanke shawara sanya shi ba zai yiwu ba ga shigarwa na 152-mm bindigogi a guda casemates. Kuma saboda zanen kaya da za su magance wata ba maras muhimmanci matsala tare da jeri na wani jirgin uku sulke na mota. A tsawo daga cikin manyan makamai bel - game da 2.5 m sama da waterline shi ya tashi kamar 70 cm.

A cikin yankin na tsakiyar sashe kauri da makamai kai 229 mm, amma karkashin ruwa shi ne hankali rage zuwa 127 mm. Tare da gefuna da kagara makamai ya kuma sirara, har zuwa 178 mm, da kuma game da makamai kẽta ta gaba ɗaya isa 102-127 mm. An mafi kyau kare yankin na kagara kanta. Tun da shi ya dauki babban bronepoyas, designers sun iya kare ta 152-mm makamai.

Da fasali da aka musamman muhimmanci uku makamai bel wanda kara har zuwa babba bene. Ya main aiki ya kare da batura shida-inch bindigogi. Mun riga mun ambata cewa wasu daga cikin zane yanke shawara aka ba a yarda a shigar da 152-mm bindigogi a guda casemates, amma shi bai damu da hudu da bindigogi a kan babba bene. Su aka kiyaye shi ta 152 mm da waje makamai 51 mm - daga ciki.

Sauran sassa na ajiyar

Mafi na duk an kare barabety babban wuta da warships gida - 356 mm makamai. A haɗe barabetam ɓangare na kagara aka ba kamar yadda da kyau gashi - "kawai" 203 mm na karfe. Tun kẽta babba bene adjoined zuwa shuke-shuke da wani m kwana, designers kare su makamai farantin kauri daga 152 mm kawai. Wannan ya isa ya jā da bindigar da kuma a lokaci guda, facilitates zane na jirgin.

All gun gwada tufafi beads aka rufe ta m zanen gado na wani kauri daga 254 mm (goshi). Bangarorin da kuma rufin an kare kadan muni - 203 mm. Upper bene karfafa zanen gado na 25 mm. Lower bene (gun cikin kagara) yana mai kauri daga 51 mm (a cikinsa da bevels a kan adadi shi ne 76 mm). Nice da za a kare da kuma turtleback, wanda ya daidai da 76 mm littafin.

Har ila yau, injiniyoyi sun bayar da kyau kwarai kariya na conning hasumiya, a cikin abin da akwai babbar motar iko na'urorin (ie, da matuƙin jirgin ruwa, intercoms don sadarwa tare da duk soja posts). Ga shi mu yi amfani musamman Krupp makamai wanda kauri ya 356 mm, da aft gida (wannan kallo) aka kare fadin, akwai makamai farantin da wani kauri daga 76 mm.

A general, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa", wanda model aka ɓullo da mafi kyau English injiniya, shi ne na farko daga cikin Japan jiragen ruwa, wanda aka yi amfani da su kare karfe ne kerarre da Krupp Hanyar. Kafin Harvey makamai da aka yi amfani da, wanda juriya an rage by 16-20%. Af, da cikakken nauyi na makamai a kan "Mikasa" kai 4091 ton (kusan 30% na jumillar tonnage na jirgin).

A propulsion tsarin da jirgin

biyu-shaft makirci da aka yi amfani da su yi. The "zuciya" na jirgin sun uku-Silinda tururi injuna kerarre da "Vickers". A fasalin da wannan inji da aka makamashi amfani "sau uku fadada" biyu, game da shi, iya ajiye man fetur da kuma cimma iyakar kewayo na tafiya a kan daya cika. A fistan bugun jini ya fiye da daya mita!

shaft gudun a cruise gudu yanayin kai 125 Rev / min. Aka amfani da su janye tururi tukunyar jirgi 25 Belleville, tsayayya da matsakaicin tururi matsa lamba na 21 kg / cm². Kamar yadda engine dakin kanta, da aka gyara kerarre da "Vickers".

A total surface na tukunyar jirgi ya kai 3.5 dubu m. ^2, da yawan girman grates kai 118,54 m ^2. A diamita na biyu chimneys wuce hudu mita! The tsara damar kowane daga cikin ikon shuka ne daidai da 16 000 l / s, wanda aka yarda su isa a cruising gudun 18 kullin. Hakika, kawai idan ba sawa-fito inji da sunadaran don dace da sabis. Musamman da hankali da aka biya don injiniyoyi propeller sanya na manganese tagulla.

Ya taimaka muku ganin yadda aka gina jirgin ruwa na soja Mikasa, jirgin zane, wanda za ka samu a shafukan da wannan takarda.

man fetur da hannun jari

Coal reserves adana a kan jirgin a biyu manyan hoppers mikawa tare da kewaye na biyu allon shirya a layi daya ga na'ura dakin. Kuma su tsawo irin wannan da cewa motocin dakon da kadan gawayi tashi sama da babban bene: shi aka yi a kan manufar, don samar da mafi alhẽri kariya. Yawanci, a kan jirgin cajin 700 ton na ci, da matsakaicin stock ya 1.5 dubu. Ton.

A gudun goma kullin da jirgin iya shawo kan 4.600 mil a cruising gudun (16 kullin), matsakaicin nesa ya 1900 mil. Tare da nassi na jihar gwaji tawagar ya iya "raskochegarit" jirgin sama zuwa 16,5 dubu. L / s a rikodin gudun 18,45 kullin.

Janar seaworthy halaye flagship sun kyawawan mai kyau, amma kyawawan rauni tashin hankali jirgin yana da hali to "binne" wani kalaman. A m asarar gudun halaye. Bugu da kari, cikin tawagar ba zai iya a al'ada amfani da on-jirgin manyan bindigogi da makamai.

sauran avionics

A kan jirgin, su uku suna tururi janareta cewa zai iya samar da wani kai tsaye halin yanzu ƙarfin lantarki na 80 V, su duka damar kai 144 kW. A wancan zamani, da kyau yi.

A kan jirgin ne ma uku Martin zama da anga an shigar. Bugu da kari, don sauƙaƙe dabara fama tracking bayanai bauta shida spotlights. A wannan yanayin, biyu daga cikinsu located a kan Mars, da kuma hudu - a cikin tsananin da baka na gada.

Don tabbatar da wani abin dogara dangane flagship, Japan (as kyau kamar yadda a duk gabata lokuta) sanya hannu a kwangila tare da Italian kamfanin "Marconi". Radio eriya miƙa tsakanin foresail da mainsail mast. Communication kewayon rasa kimanin 180 mil.

Domin ceto matukan jirgin a lokacin torpedoing bayar iyo nufin 15 na daban-daban masu girma dabam.

Fama da aikace-aikacen, Port Arthur

08/02/1904 (New Style - 26 Janairu) jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" zo zuwa tsibirin zagaye, kasancewa a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga Port Arthur. A Karfe biyar da yamma shi a kan flagship mast flags aka nuna, da abinda ke ciki da karanta: "Ku tafi a kan kai hari a kan wani pre-kaddamarda shirin. Good luck. " Tara Fabrairu "Mikasa" (a cikin rundujar soja masu dawaki na takwas battleships) ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa Port Arthur da kuma tsunduma Rasha jiragen ruwa.

A 11 shi ne ya bude wuta babban wuta, kuma mu jiragen ruwa ne a nesa na 46.5 na USB ta tsawon daga gare shi. A 'yan seconds daga baya da flagship goyon wuta da sauran jiragen ruwa na Japan, nan da nan bayan shi ya fara buga Rasha ironclads da gaci batura.

Riga a 11,16 shi da aka rubuta a kai tsaye hit a cikin "Mikasa" 254-mm dako. Yana sa in lalacewar da mainsail da kuma halakar da (m) aft na gada. Da suka ji rauni mutane bakwai. Bayan 'yan mintoci - sake buga, sa'an nan kuma buga da mainmast. A kalla sau uku da shrapnel tsage tutar yaƙi, wanda kusan nan da nan sun rataye a wurin. A 11,45 Admiral Togo, da jirgin ruwa na soja kwamandan, da umarnin da rundujar soja masu dawaki koma baya.

A wannan lokacin, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" lalacewar wanda ba wakiltar wani kai tsaye barazana, shi zai iya ci gaba da yaki. Togo dauki jirãge daga lakabin bakin teku baturi wuta projectiles wanda, ko da bayan wani guda hit, shi iya aika wani jirgin zuwa kasa.

A wannan rana, wani m nasara ba tare da wani daga cikin bangarorin da yaƙi. A nan gaba da kuma "Mikasa" musamman muhimmanci ayyukan ba jajirce, amma ya jirgin ruwan gudanar da tawa 'yan sau tsanani lalata wasu Rasha battleships.

Tsushima

By farkon spring 1905 jirgin ruwa na soja Mikasa da aka fi mayar mayar da bayan yakin. Ba da gwaninta na baya-fadace, da Japan high umurnin umurni da muhimmanci ƙara da harsasai a kan jirgin. Kuma ya bukatar wani sosai Japan a kan May 14 a 13.10 minutes, lokacin yakin Tsushima.

Yaƙin dade fiye da wata rana. A wannan lokaci, da Japan jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" samu game da 40 hits (da shi ne - kawai mafi muhimmanci). Mafi yawansu ba su kasance a cikin 305-mm bawo. Mai juya m uku casements 152 mm igwa. Its rufin ya samu 305-mm Rasha harsashi. A sakamakon haka, ya kashe game da tara mutane. The jirgin ne sosai m to da ba ya tashi da harsasai.

Bayan sa'o'i biyu a wannan wuri (!) Was 152 mm dako. Wannan lokaci inda suka kashe biyu sauran matuƙan, amma fashewa kamar yadda a baya harka, da farin ciki daidaituwa, aka kauce masa. Sauran lalacewa sa ga fita da dama bindigogi daga mataki, a kamar wata wuraren fara watsa m jiki makamai faranti.

Amma mafi muni shi ne a kan filin ajiye motoci Satumba 11 a tushe a Sasebo. Kuma har yanzu ba a kafa da dalilai saboda wanda ya tashi da mafi yawan on-jirgin ammonium. Jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" (wanda yana da photo a cikin labarin) ya tafi da sauri zuwa kasa. Yana ajiye ya gwada da kananan zurfin, amma ko da a cikin irin wannan yanayi, kawai na huɗu yunkurin dawo da shi ne wani rabo. Nan da nan ya kashe 256 matuƙan, 343 more mutane sun ji rauni, kuma baya tabbatar da m.

A babbar rami a cikin jirgin rufe up, da kuma bayan watanni 11 da jirgin ya dawo a cikin sahu. Duk da haka, shi ya dauki wani shekaru biyu na karshe liquidation na sakamakon da masifa. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko da jirgin da aka patrolling da tekun na Japan, ya halarci a cikin baki, an anchored a Bay na Vladivostok.

A karshe, daga Navy jirgin da aka fitar a shekarar 1923. Af, kowa kuma har yanzu iya ganin jirgin "Mikasa" (jirgin ruwa na soja). Ina ne wannan jirgin yanzu? Ya tsaye a Yokosuka.

Ba zato ba tsammani, da aiwatar da canji a cikin wani gidan kayan gargajiya jirgin ruwa na soja da kanta ba da injiniyoyin da matsaloli da yawa. Na farko, ya zama dole su yi ta tono fitar da wata babbar bushe dok, cika shi da ruwa ... sa'an nan kuma sa shi wani jirgin ruwa da kuma gaba daya lambatu cikin jirgin ruwan. The jirgin har yanzu tsaye, kafe ga tabo a kan waterline, kamar yadda idan cikakken shirye domin sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe.

Siffarta ne yadu amfani a cikin art. Saboda haka, ya bayar da ku a jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa" takarda ka iya kusan kowane shagon tsaraba. Bugu da kari, cikin jirgin za a iya gani a da yawa video games, shi ne sau da yawa da aka ambata a cikin wallafe-wallafe.

maimakon ƙarshe

Saboda haka, nawa sa'a shi ne jirgin ruwa na soja Mikasa? A tsarin yana da Turanci asalin, amma wannan 'yan qasar na Albion tabbatar da banmamaki saba da Japan yanayi.

Ba zato ba tsammani, shi ya England, a gaskiya, ya amfana daga gina jirgin. Da fari dai, kasar samu damar daukar wani aiki a cikin shipyards. Abu na biyu (amma ba kalla), kusan duka "da alaka da kayayyakin" kamar gunpowder Japan kuma sayi a Birtaniya.

Amma yafi muhimmanci shi ne yi: Birtaniya masana sosai karatu nasarar da Japan a cikin Rasha-Japanese War, zana karshe, sa kintace, yankan shawara yadda mafi kyau za a zamanantar da rundunar motoci. Kuma shi ne - ba tare da shiga cikin yaƙi!

Kamar yadda mai kyau ya kasance cikin jirgin ruwa na soja "Mikasa"? Project kimantawa ne quite high. Masana sun lura mai kyau littafin da ko mahalli, mai kyau da makamai, madalla da ingancin kayan aiki na jirgin. ingancin makamai karfe ne musamman sosai mai daraja: idan ba domin da kaddarorin a 1905, da jirgin yiwuwa ba tsira arba'in kai tsaye hits.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, armadillo "Mikasa" (Figures tabbatar da shi) ya mai ban sha'awa fama survivability. Yana da aka samu ta hanyar m tsari na watertight compartments.

Kuma abin da su ne shortcomings na aikin? Suna kuma da yawa. Da farko, mun riga ya nuna jirgin ta hali zuwa "binne" ko da a low kalaman. Na biyu, da Japan admiral da farko so wani jirgin tare da wani cruising gudun 25 kullin, amma a gaskiya, da jirgin ruwa na soja ne kawai zai iya hanzarta zuwa 18 kullin.

Duk da haka, wadannan sun trifles. A yi, shi ya juya daga cewa kawai gagarumin drawback ya da kananan harsasai. Har ila yau, injiniyoyi sun gano cewa, yana daukan tsawon for cikin kututturan bindigogi daga cikin manyan wuta.